Venice and its lagoon are listed as World Heritage of UNESCO.

History

The area to the northwest end of the Adriatic Sea , where several rivers throw from the Alps , has been inhabited since the ancient times by fishermen , boatmen and saulnier. This area was part of the X region created by Augustus , this area was then named Venetia name of Veneti, ancient people built in italics Roman Republic from the ^second century BC, Aquileia - on land - was the center religious and major port.

The invasions of the Goths of Alaric ^I and the Huns of Attila pushing local people to take refuge in the marshes of the islands along the Adriatic Sea near the delta of Po. According to the legend that will be developed later by the Venetians to demonstrate the antiquity of their city and the distant origins of their freedom, Venice was founded on 25 March 421 in the islets of Rivus altus, which became the Rialto.

In 452 , a first settlement was founded by refugees from Padua and Aquileia. The region fell subsequently, the kingdom of the Ostrogoths and then was conquered with the rest of Italy by General Belisarius , becoming a province of the Eastern Roman Empire under Justinian ^I.

The city of Venice was founded in the late ^sixth century by residents of neighboring areas sought refuge in number in the islands of the lagoon formed by the estuary of the Po after the invasion of Italy from the north by the Lombards in 568. Indeed, this area swampy , difficult access for vessels to keel, remained under the jurisdiction of the Exarchate of Ravenna , in the province of the Eastern Roman Empire. It was therefore originally a refuge from the Roman-Byzantine civilization but as and when it develops, its autonomy was increased to achieve the independence.

Taking advantage of the antagonism between the Exarchate of Ravenna and the Lombards , Venetians extended their policy space and endowed it with a local power embodied by the first Duke or " Doge " Paolucio Anafesto (697-717), character the confines of the legend and history. The city of Venice really only became independent after the withdrawal of the Byzantines in the Adriatic, just after the year 1000, during the emergence of the kingdom of Hungary. The city-state therefore relied on the sea to expand his power.

Venice did not own constitution. Indeed the definition of functions and the mechanism of governmental institutions fell at Venice customary law. Government decision-making bodies formed a pyramid with the People's Assembly was the basis and the Doge the summit. Between the two sat the Grand Council, the Forty and the Senate, then the Ducal Council. This political organization whose traits are the XIII ^century will continue until 1797.

Scala del Bovolo ( Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo )
Photo of Carlo Naya

The salt trade and commercial dynamism to the Mediterranean East, led to a strong growth of the city. After ^the 4th crusade, Venice that turned on Constantinople , the Republic seized the riches of the Byzantine Empire and is a maritime empire consisting of most islands Greek and Dalmatian. It complements conquering Dalmatia mainland, the Istria and a vast area between the Alps and the Po , including the cities of Bergamo , Brescia , Verona , Padua , Treviso and Udine. It conflicts with Genoa , his great rival in northern Italy and the Mediterranean. The climax of this struggle will be the fourth war Genoese, otherwise called War of Chioggia. Venice was the victor of the conflict, but very exhausted. The Treaty of Turin in 1381, it was not not particularly advantageous: Despite his victory, Venice had to give up the territories and grant certain rights to its rival. She lost Treviso and Dalmatia returning to the King of Hungary. But it retained its institutions and its main settlements.

In the ^fourteenth century , Venice was the most important Mediterranean port, surpassing its old metropolis Constantinople. He had to conquer the land on the lagoon to extend the urban area of the city. Its decline began with the progress of Turkey in the Mediterranean (which gradually deprived her of all Greek lands, with the exception of the Ionian Islands , and its access to markets of the Silk Road ). Despite the victory over the Turks at Lepanto in 1571 , when the Venetians were very committed, the Republic of Venice yet lost its commercial importance because of the diversion of European trade to the oceans (discovery of America ).

But Venice had maintained its cultural influence, becoming the European city's most elegant and refined of the ^eighteenth century , with a strong influence on the art , the architecture and literature.

Again become a politically Italian State among others, Venice was annexed by Napoleon Bonaparte on 12 May 1797 , during the first coalition. The French invasion put an end to almost 800 years of independence, however, Napoleon was seen as a sort of liberating the poor and Jewish Venice, aristocratic republic where power and wealth were the most monopolized by few families. Napoleon abolished the barriers of the Ghetto and restriction of movement imposed on Jews.

Between 1797 and 1805 Napoleon by the Treaty of Campo Formic , gave Venice and its territories to the Habsburgs in exchange for Belgium , then returned it to them to integrate it into the kingdom of Italy which he had himself crowned king. At the end of the Napoleonic era, the kingdom of Italy was incorporated into the Austrian Empire from 1815 to 1866. Austrian domination of Venice and the Veneto only completed 3 October 1866 after his defeat Sadowa against the Prussian-Italian alliance. Venice is in Italy, a provincial town, gradually became one of the high places of world tourism.

After the First World War , Italy claimed to Austria conquered all the territories formerly Venetian, but was met with claims Yugoslav and only obtained the Treaty of Rapallo that Istria , the town of Zara in Dalmatia and islands of Veglia , Cherso and Lagosta. Resentment developed at that time contributed to the subsequent success of Mussolini. After the Second World War , Italy lost possessions such as the benefit of Yugoslavia, leaving only Trieste , which is not part of the old Venetian territories, but where the Italian-speaking populations expelled from Yugoslavia fled.

Venice in XV ^century

Geography

Venice occupies a unique geographical location in a lagoon of the Adriatic Sea. The Venetians established their city by driving piles of oak and alder in the sandy soil. On these foundations, they built houses and palaces and began a fight against the continual movement of the tides.

The other main islands of the lagoon are: Lido , Murano , Burano , Torcello. Not to mention: San Michele (Island City Cemetery), San Erasmo , Mazzorbo , The Vignola , Certosa , San Francesco del Deserto , San Giacomo in Paludo , San Servolo , San Lazzaro degli Armeni , Giudecca.

The town is crossed by 177 canals (the most important is the Grand Canal ), 455 bridges (often arched to let the boats) and spread over 118 islands located between the mouth of the Adige (south) and the Piave (north).
It is divided into six historical neighborhoods called sestiere : San Marco , Castello and Cannaregio on the left bank of the Grand Canal and Santa Croce , San Polo and Dorsoduro on the other side.
The San Marco Basilica contains the same name.
The Castello district covers the entire southern part of Venice. His name is linked to the presence of a legendary castle or even in the patriarchal curia who was there.
The Cannaregio district occupies any part of the city between the Rialto and the railway station. It is so named because of the straight canals that run through the (channel reggio).
On the other side, Santa Croce and San Polo owe their name to two churches, the first destroyed, the other name.
Dorsoduro is so called because the shape of sestiere, long and pointed.

The historic center is completely pedestrian, channels acting road, and the various boats are the only means of transport with walking. Venice is a city against nature, had already observed Chateaubriand.

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  Venice Lagoon

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  Aerial View

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  View of Venice

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Climate

The climate of Venice, such as the Po valley , is characterized by relatively cold winters, which can be rigorous, and very sweaty summers. Precipitation, minimum in winter, fall as rain was stormy, and in autumn.

Transport

The Giudecca Canal and St. Mark's Basin

The geographical position of Venice in the middle of the lagoon, because most of transporting people and goods is by water. Therefore, the city remains the XXI ^century the only large city to be free of cars and trucks , despite important improvements.

Private transport is the traditional gondola Venice, although it is almost more used by tourists or for special occasions (ceremonies, weddings and funerals). Its cost is prohibitive effect. Besides, there are only 425 in 2009.
The Venetians used mainly bus-boats, called vaporetto , serving different islands cruising the main channel and the traghetti, gondolas with two oarsmen to ensure pedestrians crossing the Grand Canal in a few places with no bridge.
In addition all kinds of private vessels such as boats motor.

Sea and lagoon will remain the only means of transport in Venice to the existing building in the nineteenth ^century a bridge rail, the Pont des Reservoirs. Inaugurated in 1846 , he allowed to link railway station Venezia Santa Lucia , built in 1860, the rest of the continent. The station became a terminus for trains at night , bringing the heart of the city, close to the Grand Canal, passengers coming from European capitals.

Under fascist , a road link, the Liberty Bridge (Ponte della Libert) , inaugurated in 1933 , was also established, leading to ample parking on the artificial island of Tronchetto northern outskirts.

Venice is also served by the Venice Airport - Marco Polo , in honor of this ancient and famous Venetian citizen. The airport is located near the lagoon, but on the continent, so that arrivals must take either a bus or a water taxi or water bus to get around the city.

Economy

"Venice is dying, Venice supported the sea

the sweet obsession of his sad days, Venice sold to tourists
seeking among the people of Europe or the Orient

stand watching the evening smoke or rabies Porto Marghera. "

- Francesco Guccini , Venice

For a millennium, Venice was a city of merchants and institutions were prepared for their benefit. Trade has contributed to its power and it was associated with the sea after the decadence of the ^nineteenth century , the city has seen the development during the ^twentieth century , the industries of tourism , generating 1.5 billion euros per year, and chemistry. The dominant sector of the Venetian economy is services (tourism, transport, financial and real estate activity): 44% of businesses and 40% of jobs. The second business is trade (28% of businesses and 20% of employment), followed by construction companies (14% of enterprises and 10% of employment). The latter activity is declining in recent decades. (2001 data) In 2007, Venice has welcomed 21 million tourists. In May 2008, during a holiday weekend, 80,000 visitors descended on the city. Tourism generates a turnover of around 1.5 billion euros per year. An amount probably underestimated because many transactions are made in black.

The future of Venice

The buildings of Venice are constructed on wooden pillars (see below). They are exposed to the threat of tides , especially between the autumn and early spring. The city is periodically flooded. That's what the Venetians call acqua alta. This phenomenon is explained by the combination of several natural factors: attraction of the moon, planetary motion, and especially the sirocco, hot wind from Africa to prevent the lagoon to drain, high tides in succession to each other.

This phenomenon has always existed, but has largely grown in recent decades under the combined influence of several cases related to climate and human activity:

• the general rise in sea level ( eustasy );
• land subsidence ( subsidence ): major wells were drilled in the ^twentieth century to pump the groundwater , which has weakened the already unstable ground;
• disturbances in the hydrography : the modernization of the port led to the digging of deep channels to allow passage of large vessels. The sea rushes and much more easily into the lagoon. Apart from the phenomenon of acque alte (floods Venetian), the other impact is the change of the ecological system, the loss of biodiversity navy.
• Finally, since the fall of the Republic (in 1797), habit (actually that was an obligation to respect the Magistracy of the Waters, which still exists as an institution to oversee all matters relating to water) for the Venetian canals to clean and drain desilting has been lost, which reduces the depth of these channels in the historic center. In recent years, the municipality shall proceed to bleed again, who can already contribute to lower water levels in some neighborhoods, canals regaining their full capacity are better able to contribute to the dissemination of waters.

Venice by flooding of the acqua alta

The consequences are important in the daily lives of residents, who must leave the lower levels of houses and borrow walkway systems to move. But the most important consequences are the inexorable deterioration of historic buildings and housing due to rising sea levels and the ensuing supply of products harmful to the stone and brick.

It is not known precisely measure the subsidence of Venice, and its evolution is a controversial subject. The latest initiative, launched by a consortium of Italian industrialists, is to ask 78 movable gates in three passes of the lagoon to protect the city. Under normal circumstances, these doors, a kind of drawbridge, would be filled with water and then submerged. When the tides over a meter, an injection of compressed air evacuate the water, allowing the gates to recover and close the passage, thereby separating the lagoon from the sea

The project, called MOSE (Experimental Electromechanical Module) started in 2003 and work is expected to continue until 2011. It is attracting a lot of controversy especially in view of its cost and doubt Pharaonic increasingly prevalent among scientists and specialists of tides on the actual effectiveness of this system is only really useful for very high tides. This project, especially, will not solve the other major problem of the city, it waves in the lagoon.

• The problem of wave s lagoon (ondoso or motorcycle) is related to increased traffic of motorboats in the city's canals and lagoon. It undermines the foundations of buildings. It erodes the banks and weakens the docks. Finally, in a lagoon, it causes the disappearance of barene, alluvial belts essential to the balance of the lagoon. Several problems are combined. On the one hand, the boats are becoming more numerous to meet the needs of tourists. They are also becoming bigger. Hundreds of ships annually enter into a lagoon to reach the ferry terminal in San Basilio, not to mention the port boats joining the industries located in Marghera. The ecological impact of this phenomenon is not taken into account by the Venetian authorities. Finally, the boats, with improved engines, are progressing faster and faster, creating waves of increasingly strong. No decision was taken to severely limit the speed. The prohibitions are not respected. In the best cases, breakwaters are constructed, as the face of Piazza San Marco.

• The global climate change : the rise in sea level by 60 centimeters by 2050 and potentially 150 centimeters to 10 meters, late twenty-first ^century, would then total destruction of the city Monuments & places deemed

  Construction Techniques

  The islands of the lagoon of Venice, composed of alluvial fill material and did not allow for traditional construction because the soil moist and unstable, could not bear the weight of buildings. The solution was the use of stilts , allowing the construction above water. The technique is to push them into the ground to bring them to a platform made of planks of oak and larch firmly attached to each other, consolidating and leveling the ground. For example, to build the Basilica Santa Maria della Salute , the Venetians used it piles 1,006,657 4 meters long, oak , alder and larch.

  The constraints of a building on the water with piles as foundations are the palaces are designed to reverse the traditional rules of architecture. Indeed if in the palace ground, the practice is that we start by foundations on which we put the infrastructure to support the weight of the buildings in Venice the method is completely reversed: we ask for First, a large "box" on gantries to transmit the load directly to the foundation piles by a system of arches and vaults suitable.

  Churches

  Main article: List of churches in Venice.

  In Venice there are nearly 84 churches virtually intact and here are the best known.

  • The Basilica San Marco in Venice
  • The Basilica of Santa Maria della Salute in Venice
  • The Church of Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
  • The Basilica of San Zanipolo burial of the Doges.
  • The Basilica of San Giorgio Maggiore by Andrea Palladio (on the island of San Giorgio Maggiore )
  • The Church of the Redeemer of Andrea Palladio
  • The Church of San Moise
  • The Church of San Zaccaria
  • The Church of San Sebastiano
  • The Church of Santa Maria Assunta (or Church of Gesuiti)
  • The Church of the Madonna dell 'Orto
  • The Church of San Francesco della Vigna
  • The Church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli
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    The Basilica San Marco in Venice
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    Basilica Santa Maria della Salute
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    Church of Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
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    Basilica of San Zanipolo
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    The Basilica of San Giorgio Maggiore
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    Church of Santa Maria Assunta
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    Church of San Francesco della Vigna
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    Santa Maria dei Miracoli

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  Islands of the lagoon

  Main article: List of islands of the lagoon of Venice.
  

  

  Clipboard glass products Murano
  • The island of San Michele , Cemetery of Venice. It is divided by religion of the deceased. Thus, there does one find divisions Jewish, Catholic, Orthodox and Evangelical. It contains the graves of Ezra Pound , Sergei Diaghilev , Igor Stravinsky , Joseph Brodsky or, again, Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari.
  • The island of Burano , with its mosaic variegated pastel houses, famous for its lace
  • The island of Murano , with its lighthouse and white glass foundry
  • The island of Torcello , an ancient church with medieval old cathedral
  • The island of San Giorgio Maggiore ( Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore )
  • Island Mazzorbo now linked to Burano
  • The island of San Erasmo former lido became an island, destined mainly vegetable
  • Island Poveglia former island now abandoned military
  • The island of Giudecca , opposite Grand Cordon island in Venice densely populated.
  • The island of San Servolo , which houses an international university
  • The island of San Clemente which once housed a hospital, now a hotel.

  Channels of the lagoon

  Main article: List of canals of Venice.

  Museums

  • The Doge's Palace
  • The Museum Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice
  • The Scuola Grande San Rocco , (32 works by Tintoretto ) and a Christ on the Cross attributed to Giorgione
  • The Scuola di San Giorgio degli Schiavoni , (works by Carpaccio )
  • The Guggenheim Museum - Collection of Modern Art, Peggy Guggenheim located in the Palazzo Venier dei Leoni
  • The Palazzo Grassi (Palazzo Grassi) , (Vintage Franois Pinault )
  • The Biblioteca Marciana
  • The Erotic Museum (Museo d'Arte Erotica)
  • The Museo Correr on the Piazza San Marco
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    The Doge's Palace

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    The Doge's Palace

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  Palace

  Main article: List of palaces in Venice.
  • The Doge's Palace
  • The Ca 'd'Oro
  • The Mint
  • The Ca 'Rezzonico : Works by Pietro Longhi , telling the daily life of Venetians in the eighteenth ^century. Frescoes by Tiepolo. Two paintings by Francesco Guardi
  • The Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo
  • The Palazzo Vendramin Calergi , Casino Winter City. Palace, where Richard Wagner died in 1883.
  • Pisani Palace of San Stefano, one of the greatest Venetian palaces. Today Conservatory of Music in the city of Venice.
  • The Palazzo Malipiero Fantinel and Palumbo Fossati
  • The Palazzo Corner della Regina
  • The Palazzo Mocenigo at San Stae
  • Palace Renier-Michiel
  • Le Palais Dario, the Grand Canal, near La Salute, housed in the early twentieth century French writers resort Henri de Regnier and Paul Bourget. This palace has a reputation as alarming number of its successive owners have died of unnatural causes (or Raoul Giardini Rawdon Brown and others).
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    The Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo

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    The Palace of designer Mariano Fortuny

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    Inside the opera La Fenice

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  Places and Campo

  • The Piazza San Marco ( Caff Florian )
  • Campo San Polo
  • Campo Santa Margherita
  • Campo dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo. The Dominicans built there the Church dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo (San Zanipolo also called), which was consecrated in 1430. The Scuola di San Marco, designed by Pietro Lombardo , adjoins the church. The Statue of Colleoni , Florentine sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio , who worked there from 1483 to 1488, stands in front of the Scuola di San Marco.
  • Campo San Stefano, one of the largest squares in Venice. Bordered by the Pisani Palace, now the Music Conservatory of Venice.
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    Piazza San Marco and its pigeons

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    Piazza San Marco
    Photo of Carlo Naya

  Bridges

  Main article: List of bridges in Venice.
  • The Bridge Academy
  • The Bridge on the Constitution
  • The Scalzi Bridge (Ponte degli Scalzi)
  • The Bridge Reservoirs
  • The Freedom Bridge (Ponte della Libert)
  • The Rialto Bridge
  • The Bridge of Sighs
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    The Rialto Bridge

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    The Bridge of Sighs

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    Bridges and gondolas of Venice

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    Liberty Bridge Road and Rail (Ponte della Libert)

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  Gardens

  • Giardini Groggia
  • Napoleonic Giardini Biennale e
  • Giardini Papadopoli
  • Giardini Reali
  • Giardini Savorgnan
  • Pineta di S. Elena
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    Papadopoli gardens in the district of Santa Croc
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    Savorgnan garden in the district of Cannaregio

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  Cafes and restaurants

  • Harry's Bar
  • Caffe Florian
  • Caff Quadri

  Miscellaneous

  • The Grand Canal ( Rialto Bridge , Accademia Bridge , Scalzi Bridge )
  • The Campanile of St. Mark
  • The Dogana di Mare, located next to the church of La Salute, was long the port of clearance of goods.
  • The Clock Tower
  • The theater La Fenice
  • The Ghetto of Venice
  • The Venice Arsenale
  • The railway station Venezia Santa Lucia
  • The House of Goldoni
  • Pier slaves (Riva degli Schiavoni), which was designed by Johann Stephan Decker.
  • The Casino Venier
  • The restaurant All'Angelo which hosted many artists such as Pablo Picasso , Henri Matisse , Georges Braque , Zoran Music , Arman and Leon Gischia ; directors like Roberto Rossellini and Luchino Visconti ; actresses like Ingrid Bergman and Alida Valli or even politicians, as Enrico Berlinguer , the former Secretary General of the Italian Communist Party. The restaurant has an impressive collection of modern paintings. Part of the dishes, glasses and the drawing of the sign of the restaurant are due to Leon Gischia.
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    The Grand Canal

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    Arsenal

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    Ca 'Rezzonico

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    The Campanile

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    Grave of Serge Diaghilev in the cemetery of San Michele

  • 

    The customs of Dogana di Mare sea

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    Torque during the Carnival. The man carries the bauta

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    The Gobbo di Rialto

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  Culture

  Festivals and Events

  • The Venice Biennale : Contemporary art festival, every odd year in the fall. Even years has held the Architecture Biennale in Venice.
  • At the same time of year that occurs Biennial Film Festival , famous annual film festival.
  • The Carnival of Venice : famous carnival known worldwide but still much less impressive at the time of Vivaldi.
  • La Festa di San Marco: feast of the patron saint of Venice (April 25)
  • The Festa del Redentore : Celebrating the end of the plague of 1576
  • Sensa: ritual ceremony of marriage between Venice and the sea
  • Su e zo per i ponti : race held in the streets of Venice
  • The Venice Marathon : Marathon organized since 1986 October 11
  • The Vogalonga : Marine race, where boats rowers must travel (round trip) from the basin of San Marco to Burano as quickly as possible.
  • the Regatta delle Befane (regattas of the Epiphany): Men dressed as women engaged in a race on the Grand Canal, gondolas or boats on the morning of January 6
  • The Regatta races or Storiche Historical maritime competition, where only two oars of the gondolas are allowed to participate, in the preamble, a parade of replica boats from the ^sixteenth century is organized. They are held the first Sunday in September.

  Artists fascinated by Venice

  • There are thousands of known or unknown. Among them Guallino - Patrick and Anne Perry Guallino - have often worked on this theme, whether sculpture or canvas. These works are exhibited worldwide. Another example is Roger de Montebello, who paints and lives in Venice and exhibited worldwide. Henri Landier also spent many of his works in Venice.
  • The painter Giorgio De Chirico was inspired by the desolate places of the Giudecca for certain tables.
  • William Turner, British painter precursor of Impressionism (18th-19th century) made many representations of the eternal city (Venice Porch of Madonna della Salute in 1835 ...)
  • The fashion designer Mariano Fortuny , known in the ^nineteenth century for its silk draperies still has his palace in Venice.
  • The famous French painter Claude Monet Impressionist (19th-20th century) lived there before traveling to Giverny for good.
  • The painter Zoran Music has lived in Venice from 1947 until his death in 2005. His widow, Ida Barbarigo-Music, a painter herself still lives there.
  • The painter and decorator (with Jean Vilar and NPT ) Gischia Leon has lived in Venice, near the Accademia in 1962 until his death in 1991.

  Artists and craftsmen of Venice

  Main Venetian painters

  Heroic age - the Renaissance

  • 1429 - 1507: Gentile Bellini
  • 1430 - 1516: Giovanni Bellini
  • 1431 - 1506: Andrea Mantegna
  • 1455 - 1526: Vittore Carpaccio

  Golden Age - Classical period

  • 1477 - 1576: Tiziano Vecellio Titian
  • 1480 - 1556: Lorenzo Lotto

  End of the Classical Age

  • 1518 - 1594: Jacopo Robusti said Tintoretto
  • 1530 - 1588: Paolo Cagliari, said Paul Veronese

  From the Baroque to modern painting

  • 1676 - 1758: Rosalba Carriera
  • 1696 - 1770: Giambattista Tiepolo
  • 1697 - 1768: Antonio Canale, said Canaletto
  • 1702 - 1785: Pietro Longhi
  • 1712 - 1793: Francesco Guardi

  Main Venetian musicians

  • Gabrieli Giovanni Venice 1557 - Venice August 12, 1643
  • Monteverdi Claudio Cremona 1567 - Venice 1643
  • Caldara Antonio Venice 1670 - Vienna 28 December 1736
  • Albinoni Tomaso Giovanni June 8, 1671 Venice - Venice January 17, 1751
  • Vivaldi Antonio Lucio Venice March 4, 1678 - Vienna July 28, 1741
  • Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari Venice January 12, 1876 - Venice, January 21, 1948
  • Giuseppe Sinopoli Venice November 2, 1946 - Berlin April 20, 2001

  Miscellaneous

  • The Cats booted Janie Lee
  • Masks Guerrino Lovato
  • Models of boats Gilberto Penzo
  • The gondola building workshop (squero) Tramontin
  • The engravings of Antonella Di Giacobbe
  • Puppets Roberto Comin
  • Bobbo's paintings Ferruzzi
  • Pantalone , the Venetian character of the Commedia dell'arte.

  Venice and literature

  • Put your underpants, gondolier! , of San Antonio , Black River, 1976
  • The Merchant of Venice , in Shakespeare where there is the famous character of Shylock
  • Massimilla Doni , of Honore de Balzac , published in New in 1837 - 1,839 , which is a veritable hymn to love this city and its lifestyle. Much of the story takes place in La Fenice , the Caffe Florian , and a palace. Bibliotheque de la Pleiade , t.IX, 1979 ( ISBN 2070108686 )
  • The Stones of Venice, John Ruskin , (original English edition, 1853), Hermann, 1986 ( ISBN 978-2705659509 and 978-2705669508 )
  • Venice in winter , of Emmanuel Robles
  • Beyond the River and into the trees , of Ernest Hemingway
  • See Venice and die, of James Hadley Chase , Black Square Editions (Gallimard, 1954)
  • Venetian book, Liliana Magrini, Editions Gallimard, 1956
  • Desire and pursuit of the Almighty , of Frederick Rolfe Baron Corvo-- , Editions Gallimard (worldwide), 1963
  • Description of San Marco , of Michel Butor , Editions Gallimard, 1963
  • A young man of Venice, Claude-Michel Cluny , Folio Publishing (Denoel, 1966)
  • Those who take the broad, Patricia Highsmith , the Pocket Book Publishing, 1968
  • Venices of Paul Morand , Editions Gallimard, 1971
  • Death in Venice , to Thomas Mann. film in 1971
  • Why not Venice , of Michle Le Mans : Editions du Seuil, 1981
  • The Venetian Confessions of Josan Duranteau , Editions Stock, 1981
  • The Return of Casanova , to Arthur Schnitzler , The Rowan Publishing, 1981
  • The Altana or Venetian life of Henri de Regnier , ditions Mercure de France, 1986
  • The Salon des Anges by Marie Chaix , Editions du Seuil, 1982
  • The Lover homeless , of Fruttero and Lucentini , Collections Points-Seuil, 1988
  • The Dogaressa, Henry Sacchi, Le Seuil, 1994
  • Venice Venice: Dorsoduro, PM Pasinetti, ditions Liana Levi, 1984
  • Sophie Basch, Paris and Venice, 1887-1932. The "Venetian Folly" in the French novel by Paul Bourget, Maurice Dekobra. Honor Champion , 2000. rel. 978-2-7453-0217-5
  • The blood of Venice, Maud Tabachnik, Editions J'ai Lu, 2003
  • Ginette Herry, Goldoni in Venice. The Passion of the poet. Honor Champion , 2001. br. 978-2-7453-0265-6.
  • Only Venice, Claudie Gallay, Editions du Rouergue, 2004
  • Venice is part of a series of detective novels of Donna Leon , whose main character is the commissioner Guido Brunetti.
  • The bubble Tiepolo, Philippe Delerm , Editions Gallimard, 2005
  • The Novels of Venice, Gonzague Saint Bris - Editions du Rocher, 2007
  li> "Dark Toutanchaton" "The hunter cats. (The Adventures of Italian, Venetian cat.) Jack Chaboud. Lito. 2006.

Miscellaneous

• Venice Frdrick Tristan Collection Of Cities, Editions du Champ Vallon, 1984
• Venice. Isle of the Dead, Marrey-Baptiste, the weather Editions, 1984
• Venice is not too far from Christian Bruel and Anne Bozellec, Editions Gallimard, collection smile that bites, 1986
• Vienna, Trieste, Venice or Vienna People and Ghosts of Venice find themselves one evening in Trieste to celebrate the end of the world, by Jean-Marc Terrace and Rgis Franc, Otherwise Editions
• A Taste of Venice, Collective, ditions du Mercure de France, collection little mercury, 1997
• Corto Maltese: Fable of Venice, Hugo Pratt , Castermann Publishing, 2001
• Sylvio Hermann De Franceschi, Reason of State and Church because of France and the Forbidden Venetian (1606-1607): Diplomatic and doctrinal aspects. Honor Champion , 2009. ISBN 978-2-7453-1820-6.

Literature and guides about Venice

• Luigi Serra: The Palace of the Doges of Venice, Libreria dello Stato, Rome, 1952
• Giulio Lorenzetti: Venice and Its Lagoon (English) Edizioni Lint Trieste, 1975
• Jean Marabini: Venice, Editions du Seuil, Collection Small Planet, 1978
• Philippe Braunstein and Robert Delort: Venice, historical portrait of a city, Editions du Seuil, Collection Points - History, 1971
• Rene Guerdane: La Serenissima, History of the Republic of Venice, Editions Fayard, 1971
• Collection "other": Venice, an intimate journey, collective work under the direction of Brice Matthieussent and Edwige Lambert
• Riccardo Calimani and Eliezer Wiesel: History of the Ghetto of Venice, Tallandier Publishing, 2008

Tourist poster of the 1920s

• Frederic C. Lane, Venice, a Maritime Republic, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973, Flammarion, 1985 ( ISBN 2-08-081184-3 )
• Elisabeth Crouzet-Pavan :
  • Venice: an invention of the city, ^XIII - XV ^century Seyssel, Champ Vallon, 1997
  • Venice Triumphant: The Horizons of a Myth, Paris, Albin Michel, 1999
• Jean-Claude Hocquet :
  • Salt and fortune of Venice (2 vols. Presses Lille III, 1978-1979)
  • Venice in the Middle Ages, Editions Les Belles Lettres, 2003
  • Venice and the Sea: ^{XII-XVIII century,} Editions Fayard, 2006
• Jean-Michel Brque, Venice, coll. Culture Guide ", Editions PUF / CLIO, 2007 ( ISBN 978-2130558194 )
• Florence-Brieu Galaup , Venice, a romantic hideaway (1830-1848), ditions L'Harmattan, 2007, ( ISBN 978-2-296-03829-5 )
• Pierre Daru , History of the Republic of Venice (2 vols. Coll. Bouquins Robert Laffond, 2004) ( ISBN 2-221-91361-2 )
• Alain Buisine , Dictionary lover and scholar of the colors of Venice, Editions Zulma, 1998 ( ISBN 978-2843040412 )
• Philippe Sollers , Dictionary lover of Venice, Editions Plon, 2004 ( ISBN 978-2259197199 )
• Alvise Zorzi: A City, a Republic: Venice, Editions Fernand Nathan, 1980
• Michael Levey: Painting in Venice in the eighteenth ^century, Editions Julliard, collection Art History, 1964

Venice Film

• Der Tod Mde of Fritz Lang , 1921
• The Merchant of Venice , Peter Paul Felner, 1923
• Casanova , Alexander Volkoff, 1927
• Upper Underworld , of Ernst Lubitsch , 1932
• The Dancer from the top (Top Hat) (musical), Mark Sandrich, 1932
• Il Ponte dei Sospiri Mario Bonnard, 1939
• The Lovers of Verona , of Andre Cayatte , 1948
• Othello with Orson Welles , 1949
• Rapt in Venice , Mario Soldati, 1953
• Senso , of Luchino Visconti , 1953
• Summertime , from David Lean , 1954
• Venice, the moon and you , of Dino Risi , 1958
• The Mirror Has Two Faces of Andr Cayatte , 1958
• Eva , of Joseph Losey , 1962
• The small Baker of Venice , by Duccio Tessari, 1963
• From Russia with Love , by Terence Young , 1963
• Casanova, a teenager in Venice , of Luigi Comencini , 1969
• Anonimo Veneziano , Enrico Maria Salerno, 1970
• Death in Venice , from Luchino Visconti 1971
• Do not Look Now , of Nicolas Roeg , 1973
• Fellini's Casanova , from Federico Fellini , 1975
• Lost Souls , by Dino Risi , 1976
• Moonraker of Lewis Gilbert , 1979
• The Guignolo of Georges Lautner , 1980
• Identification of a Woman , by Michelangelo Antonioni 1982
• Venice Preserved , of Andre Engel , 1987
• Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade , from Steven Spielberg , 1989
• Everyone Says I Love You , from Woody Allen , 1996
• Bread and Tulips comedy from Silvio Soldini , 2000
• My wife called Maurice , of Jean-Marie Poire , 2002
• The Italian Job , of F. Gary Gray , 2003
• Casino Royale , Martin Campbell, 2006
• The Tourist by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck 2010

Other "Venice"

Several cities in northern Europe, claiming the name "Venice of the North" with respect to their channel:

• Amsterdam ;
• Bruges ;
• Giethoorn ;
• Stockholm ;
• Saint Petersburg.

Moreover, the presence of channels or channels that the comparison is also used for the following locations:

• Pont-Audemer ( Eure : the Venice of Normandy;
• Nantes , before the filling arm of the Loire;
• The Marais Poitevin is commonly called "Green Venice".
• Commonly called Montargis (Loiret) "Venice of Gtinais.
• A neighborhood of Colmar (Alsace) called "Little Venice".
• The old town of Annecy (Haute-Savoie), also called "Venice of the Alps."
• Martigues is nicknamed "the Venice of Provence."
• Ornans is nicknamed "Little Venice Grandfather. "
• Goudargues turn is nicknamed "the Venice of the Gard. "
• Port Grimaud ( Var ), resort town built on water in the 1970s.
• The city of Ste ( Hrault ) is nicknamed "the Venice of Languedoc" .
• La Ferte-Bernard ( Sarthe ) is called the Venice of the West "in reference to the number of bridges and canals that make up this city.
• Crecy-la-Chapelle , nicknamed "the Venice of the Brie "
• In China, Suzhou , is the "Venice of Asia," unfortunately increasingly distorted by the ambient modernism. Suzhou is twinned with Venice.

Venice fascinates

• In Las Vegas , a complex of casinos, shops and restaurants, The Venetian , copy the Piazza San Marco and the Doge's Palace

• The Neighborhood of Venice Beach in Los Angeles includes a small canals surrounding wooden houses, and are reproduced in the first part of the movie The Doors of Oliver Stone.

• The theme park Legoland in Denmark has achieved a reduction of Venice, like all the other monuments in the park lego bricks!

Administration

The territory of the municipality of Venice has several distinct municipalities:

• A municipality known island with the historical part of Venice, its 6 sestieri more with the Giudecca Sacca Fisola and the islands of Murano , Burano , Torcello , Mazzorbo and San Erasmo
• Municipality including the Lido , Malamocco , Alberoni , Pellestrina and San Pietro in Volta
• A municipality for Favaro Veneto
• A municipality for Mestre
• A municipality Cipressina , Zelarino , Trevignano , Chirignago and Gazzera
• A municipality for Marghera , Catania and Malcontenta

The mayor of Venice is not elected by the only known historical part of Venice, but by all municipalities in the territory, which weigh much in terms of population than the inhabitants of the historic center of Venice. Venice has long been a stronghold of PCI, the Italian Communist Party , including Massimo Cacciari was a member. On the death of Enrico Berlinguer , he left the party, becoming close to Romano Prodi.

Neighborhoods

Since 1171 the city of the Doges has 6 districts called sestiere : Cannaregio , Castello , Dorsoduro , San Marco , San Polo and Santa Croce , plus the island of Giudecca , Murano , Pellestrina and the Lido. The other major islands ( Burano , Torcello , San Erasmo ) as the localities of the mainland ( Mestre , Marghera , Favaro Veneto , Zelarino and Chirignago ) are part of the territory of the municipality of Venice.

Area

The territories of the Commune is an area totaling 41 317 hectares of which 25,302 are covered by the waters of the lagoon. Places occupy a land area of 13,028 hectares, the Historic Centre measures approximately 800 hectares and the main islands, about 2186 hectares.

Hamlets (Frazione)

• Alberoni, Asseggiano, Bagaron, Boaria Baroffio, Bondue East Bondue Ovest, Borgo Forte, Borgo Pezzana, Burano, Ca 'Brentelle Ca' Sabbioni, Ca 'Serafin, Ca' Serafin Ovest, Ca 'Solaro North Ca' Solaro South Campalto Capitello, Case Dosa, Chirignago, Cimitero Campalto Dese, Favorita, Ferrarese, Fontana, Forte Vallon, Northern Giotto, Giotto South, Giudecca, Lido, Macello, Maguolo, Marocco, Mazzorbo, Mestre, Molino Ronchin, Murano, Passo Campalto , Pellestrina, San Francesco del Deserto, San Giorgio Maggiore, San Lazzaro degli Armeni, San Pietro in Volta Sant'Erasmo, Santa Maria del Mare, Sardi, Scaramuzza, Scaramuzza North Scaramuzza South Selvanese, Taru, Tessera, Torcello, Trivignano , Volta Grande, Zelarino

Common Boundary

Campagna Lupia , Cavallino-Treporti , Chioggia , Jesolo , Marcon , Martellago , Mira , Mogliano Veneto ( Treviso ), Musile di Piave , Quarto d'Altino , Scorz , Spinea.

Population

At December 31, 2007, the population total of the municipality of Venice is 268,993 inhabitants (as far as the historical center in the eighteenth ^century is now counted in what is called the Venice Island (Venice over the islands of Burano, Murano, Torcello, Sant 'Erasmo and the Giudecca) and has 69 656 inhabitants. Without the islands of Burano, Torcello and Murano, the population of the historic center (including the Giudecca Sacca Fisola) is 31 December 2007 60,755 inhabitants.

Called the Venice littoral (Lido, Pellestrina) has 21 688 inhabitants of the municipality has 88,178 inhabitants Mestre The municipality has 23 488 inhabitants Favaro The municipality has 28 301 inhabitants Marghera municipalities Chirignago - Zelarino count 37 682 inhabitants

The future and the Safeguarding of Venice pass by maintaining populations in their native habitat and crafts, commercial and administrative enable people to live. Contrary to popular belief, tourism does not enrich the city and contributes, by its mass and its pendularit, to drive residents of the historic center. The current municipality is working to reverse this situation by promoting access to housing for the disadvantaged and ensuring the maintenance of traditional activities, shops, schools and businesses in the tertiary sector with headquarters in the historic center.

But at the same time hotels were allowed to open rooms in apartments located in nearby houses and the number of apartments rented as vacation rentals for weekly, keeps up without the municipality intervenes. Hence soaring property prices and young Venetian who have no other choice but to go live on the mainland, no longer able to buy in the historic center.

Demographics

Residents identified

People Venetian

• List of Doges of Venice ;
• List of Patriarchs of Venice ;

People born in Venice

• Giacomo Casanova was born in Venice, April 2, 1725.
• Vincenzo Dandolo ( one thousand seven hundred and fifty-eight - 1 819 ), doctor , chemist , agronomist and politician Italian of ^eighteenth and ^nineteenth centuries.
• Francesco Milesi ( one thousand seven hundred and forty-four - 1 819 ),, clergyman , Archbishop Italian of the Catholic Church of the ^eighteenth and ^nineteenth centuries.

Twinnings

• Sarajevo ( Bosnia Herzegovina ) since 1994
• Aveiro ( Portugal )
• Basra ( Iraq )
• Tallinn ( Estonia )
• Suzhou ( China ) since 1980

Cooperation agreements:

• Nuremberg ( Germany ) since 1999
• Istanbul ( Turkey ) since 1993
• Qingdao ( China ) since 2001
• Thessaloniki ( Greece ) since 2003
• Fort Lauderdale ( USA ) since 2007

References