Climate The city is characterized by a semiarid Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot and winters very mild. During the winter months, the temperature does not usually drops below 10 C (it is not uncommon for the temperature reaches 20 C during winter days). Rainfall is scarce in summer, as throughout the Mediterranean, and slightly more abundant in autumn and the late winter and early spring. The average annual temperature is 17.8 C, as shown on the graph. The minimum is an average of 11.5 degrees in January, and the maximum 25.7 C in August. On 27 August 2010, he was raised a record temperature of 43 C .
The average humidity is 85% in the morning and 55% at night. The sunshine reaches 2594 hours per year .
Meteorological Record | months | January | February | March | April | May | jul. | jul. | Aug. | September | October | November | December | year |
|---|
| Average minimum temperature ( C ) | 7,0 | 7,9 | 9,0 | 10,8 | 14,1 | 17,9 | 20,8 | 21,4 | 18,6 | 14,5 | 10,4 | 8,1 | 13,4 |
|---|
| Mean Temperature ( C) | 11,5 | 12,6 | 13,9 | 15,5 | 18,4 | 22,1 | 24,9 | 25,5 | 23,1 | 19,1 | 14,9 | 12,4 | 17,8 |
|---|
| Average maximum temperature ( C) | 16,1 | 17,2 | 18,7 | 20,2 | 22,8 | 26,2 | 29,1 | 29,6 | 27,6 | 23,6 | 19,5 | 16,8 | 22,3 |
|---|
| Sunshine ( h ) | 169 | 169 | 212 | 229 | 256 | 271 | 314 | 285 | 237 | 201 | 167 | 150 | 2 660 |
|---|
| Relative humidity (%) | 63 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 65 |
|---|
| Rainfall ( mm ) | 36 | 32 | 35 | 37 | 34 | 23 | 9 | 19 | 51 | 74 | 51 | 52 | 454 |
|---|
| Number of days with rain | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 44 |
|---|
| Number of thunderstorm days | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 18 |
|---|
| Number of days with fog | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
|---|
History
The Roman and Visigoth kingdom (first century BC. - VI century)
Founding of the city
The city was founded in 138 BC. AD under the name of Valentia Edetanorum by the Roman Empire , which at the time the consul Decimus Junius Brutus is. In 75 BC. BC the city was destroyed during the war between Pompey to Sertorius. In the middle of the first century AD, Valencia growing urban important due to immigration of new citizens. This expansion is reflected in the construction of large public buildings such as forums, arenas and, later, the river port located near the current Torres de Serranos.
Not until the fourth century that the first community Christian appears in the city, which belonged to St. Vincent martyred in 304. The Church participates in the transformation of the city after the fall of the Roman Empire , by converting the Roman temples as places of Catholic worship. Around the same time as the first waves of Germanic tribes arrive.
In 625 the town was virtually abandoned, the documents on this period in the history of the city are very rare.
The Muslim era, Al-Andalus and Balansiya (VIII - XIII centuries)
Urban organization, and social policy of the City
In 711 , the city was taken by Muslims. Abd al-Allah, the son of Abd al-Rahman I , the first emir of Cordoba ), moved to Balansiya (city name in Arabic) and has authority over the region of Valencia. Muslims matter their language, their religion and customs but coexistence with people of Hispanic origin is so peaceful. The assimilation of the indigenous population to Islam and Arab culture has been very fast since it is estimated that by the late tenth century, Christians and Jews made up only 10% of the population. During the Muslim period, cities have been active centers of linguistic Arabization which was also imposed in the countryside.
Within the Taifa of Amir (descendants of Almanzor ), Valencia is a city important to the radiation. Irrigation canals were dug, crops are increasing as the business with Christian Spain.
Between 1087 and 1089 , Valencia is ruled by King al-Qadir, it must be attacked by Al-Mundi and the Count of Barcelona Ramon Berenger II.
In October 1092, a handful of scouts Almoravids arrived on the walls of Valencia. Ibn Djehaf, Member of Yemeni high lineage, carried by the partisan crowd, seized power in the city after killing al-Qadir. Rodrigue, who was then living in Zaragoza , Valencia and again besieged the city in July 1093. Skillful politician or warrior inveterate Rodrigue does not seem to have sucked to exercise power directly.
It thus leaves to Ibn Djehaf the responsibility of governing the city still rebellious yesterday, and moved to Castle Cebolla (Puig). However, the arrival of an army sent by the Almoravid emir Yusuf Ibn Tashfin Valencians leads again to shake off the yoke. The Almoravids short of food having withdrawn without firing a shot, Rodrigo besieged the city again. After waiting in vain for the arrival of reinforcements, Valencia, decimated by famine, surrendered 15 June 1094.
The conditions of occupancy are lenient at first. The ownership of property and freedom of religion are respected and the Christian armies remain outside the fortified walls. The tax is limited as skillfully made as and when they progress, the Almoravids to the tithe Koran. Rodrigue moved into the suburb of Alcudia.
Castilian nevertheless considerably strengthens its presence and further proclaims himself supreme judge of Valencian. Things get worse after a new offensive Almoravid October 1094. The enemy is defeated, the Christians harden the occupation regime in proportion to the risk.
Ibn Djehaf, tried for the murder of al-Qadir, was burned alive. Muslims, with the exception of a few notables are forced to settle in the suburbs while Christians hide behind the walls. Rodrigue takes in hand this time the city government.
Rodrigue alliance with Peter I of Aragon and Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona with the aim to curb the constant increase Almoravid. In 1096, the mosque was transformed into a church. Then in 1097, Jerome of Prigord, "acclaimed and elected by the chapter, by the hand of the Roman pontiff," was named bishop of the city. Rodriguez continues to consolidate its power over the Levant, including taking Murviedro (Sagunto), in 1098.
The Cid died in Valencia on 10 July 1099. Chimene successfully defended the city with the help of his son Raimond Berenger III Count of Barcelona until 1101 when King Alfonso VI of Castile ordered the evacuation of the city.
From 1102, the family of the Cid and his companions leave the city from the Almoravids. Valencia will definitely return to Muslims in 1238 , by Jacques I. of Aragon.
In the first half of the thirteenth century, the Kingdom of Valencia is facing an unprecedented crisis that turns into rebellion against the sovereign Almohad Local - named after the dynasty that reigned in Andalusia - Abu Zayd Ibn Abi Abdullah Muhammad. The revolt calmed when Ibn Abu Jamil Zayyan Mudfi `takes the reins of power and that the deposed ruler leaves Valencia, putting an end to the Almohad presence in eastern Andalusia.
But leaving Valencia in 1230, Abu Zayd went to King Jacques I. of Aragon and his oath of allegiance, signing a treaty with him whereby he would give up some land and castles that he would recover if the latter supported him. Then Abu Zayd apostasy in Islam and converted to Christianity. He assimilated his new protectors and helped actively in their wars against Muslims.
The Kingdom of Valencia in the Crown of Aragon (XIII - XVIII centuries)
The Reconquista , the establishment of its jurisdiction and humanist thought
In 1238 , Jacques I. of Aragon took over the city. It establishes a court for the newly created kingdom, els Furs, who a few years later, would spread throughout the Kingdom of Valencia. Breaking the land, as evidenced by the manuscript written in Valencian, Llibre del off again. The city is connected to Aragon by Cazola Treaty of 1179.
In 1348 the black plague decimates reached Valencia and its people. A revolt broke out the people against the excesses of the king and the War of the Union. In 1363 and 1364 , the town is attacked by the Castilian troops who are postponed. In gratitude, King Pedro IV of Aragon grants the city the title of "dos veces leal (loyal twice). The coat of arms can still be seen today in the form of two "L" interlaced.
In 1391 Christians forced Jews to convert to Christianity on pain of death. In 1456 the Muslims of the city will suffer the same fate. Following the death of Martin I of Aragon , the Compromise of Caspe introduces a new family court, family Trastamara by the Crown of Aragon.
The Renaissance Valencian
The fifteenth century is the expansion and growth of the Valencian culture, it is known as the Golden Age Valencia. Since 18 March 1437 , the Holy Grail is kept in the cathedral of Valencia. The city became the most populous of the Crown of Aragon, from 40 000 in 1418 to 75,000 in 1483.
The construction of great palaces and churches as the Serranos Towers or Micalet (bell tower of the Cathedral of Valencia ). It erects the Exchange Silk Lonja de la Seda y los Mercaderes (1482) , which became one of the largest markets in the Mediterranean which are found merchants throughout Europe, specializing in the silk trade.
What is printed in Valencia in Lahore Trobe Obres o de la Verge Maria, the first book printed in Spain. The introduction of the printing Valencia creates a proliferation of written works. Authors such as Joanot Martorell , Ausis March , Joan Rois de Corella and Isabel de Villena become famous. Valencia is also a renowned art center. In painting and sculpture include artists such as Juan de Juanes , Damian Forment , Llus Dalmau or Gronal Peris. In 1502 , University of Valencia is created as the Estudi General.
Loss of privileges and growth in the nineteenth century
During the War of Spanish Succession ( XVIII century ), the city joined the camp of the Archduke Charles of Austria , resistant to the rout of the Battle of Almansa , the 25 April 1707 , leaving the army English fled to Valencia to his fate. In retaliation, the Bourbons bring the kingdom to his bag and withdrew his privileges.
In 1850 , the installation of drinking water system is complete and in 1858 the architects Monlen Sebastian, Antonio Sancho Calvo and Timoteo give birth to the Draft General expansion of the city of Valencia, which included the destruction of the walls to allow expansion of the city. A second version is offered in 1868. None will be retained but will be the basis for work thereafter. In the nineteenth century, the population of Valencia double.
Following the Revolution Kantonalbank 1873 , has created the Federal Cantn de Valencia proclaimed on July 19 and dissolved on August 7.
Then in 1882 , a new expansion project is proposed by the architects Jos Toms Calvo , Luis Ferreres Soler and Joaqun Mara Arnau Miramn. Approved in 1887 , he predicted following the path of the two major arteries that surround the city today.
The twentieth century
The population tripled from 213,550 in 1900 to 739 014 in 2000. The city is a cosmopolitan city and the center of a metropolitan area of over 1.5 million people, the third area in population, industry and economy of Spain.
In 1900 , the Bank was established in Valencia (Banco de Valencia) and in 1907 , Francisco Mora Berenguer designed the expansion of Valencia to the perimeter of Caminos de Trnsitos (transit paths). It traces the axis which will be the Paseo de Valencia (promenade) to the sea This plan will be approved in 1912.
The central market and the market are built Coln, in 1921 , the work of the existing railway station come to an end: it Estaci del Nord, Gare du Nord.
The Estaci del Nord (Northern Station)
In 1936 , during the civil war , Valencia became the capital of the Spanish Republic until 1939.
In 1957 , the river Turia Valencia across the country out of its bed: the riad of Gran Valencia , who moved major development works in subsequent years, the resulting space becomes available for urbanization.
In the 1980s the construction of the Valencia metro is completed. The network currently has 4 lines and continues to expand. In May 2004 , the Valencia FC won the UEFA Cup at the expense of Olympique Marseille. In June 2007 , Valencia is hosting the 32ndAmerica's Cup and the 33rd America's Cup in February 2010. In August 2008 , the street circuit in Valencia included for the first time at calendar Championship Formula 1 world by hosting the European Grand Prix. Similarly, in 2009 and 2010 to 2014, Valencia was the scene of the European Grand Prix Formula 1.
Economy
General
At its inception, the city of Valencia serves as a refueling and trade within the Roman Empire. Then with the arrival of Islamic culture, many facilities are built to fight against dryness and allow the irrigation of fields surrounding the city. The Valencia region is transformed into an agricultural center foreground.
Like Toledo , Valencia became one of the most important border cities, with increasing trade between the two cultures prevailing in the Iberian Peninsula. Commercial institutions are specially created, and the city minted its own currency.
Economic activity in Valencia is still very imprint of the past of the city. It is divided into two main areas, namely trade and agriculture. Mais Valence est galement devenue une ville touristique. Like all big cities, Valencia is also distinguished in areas such as crafts, industry and textiles.
Currently, Valencia is the third largest economy. Its dynamism is such that today Valencia is the only Spanish city to be able to break the bipolarity between Madrid and Barcelona. Its powerful industry, trade and tourism are the mainstays of the economy of this metropolis.
Valencia is also known for its important international fairs such as Vanity Fair or the Automotive, located in the biggest exhibition hall of Spain, the Feria Valencia.
In addition, its international projection, its infrastructure and its geographical position at the center of the Mediterranean arc make Valencia an ideal city for investment and entrepreneurship, as shown in the European Economic Yearbook European Cities Monitor.
In 2004, the rate of unemployment in the greater urban area of Valencia was 7.5%, making it one of the great Spanish cities where the unemployment rate is the lowest after Zaragoza.
(1 votes, average: 4.00 out of 5, rated)
Loading ...