Underworld
The crime is organized in a fairly stable number of people following the orders of a chief or an executive committee to make illicit profits by methods and prohibited areas.
They are enemies of the state which most often has a law reversing the burden of proof. Interpol is coordinating the crackdown on an international level.
Summary |
Depending on their origin, criminal organizations have different names:
- The Cartel ( Colombia , Mexico )
- The Mafia : the Cosa Nostra , the Camorra , the 'Ndrangheta ( Italy )
- The Middle and organized crime Corsican ( France )
- The Organizatsiya ( Russia )
- The Joumour ( Morocco , Western Sahara , Spain , Portugal )
- The Triads ( China )
- The Yakuza ( Japan )
Most of these organizations can operate outside their region of origin. Thus, the Mafia has settled in the United States during the 1920s.
The criminal economy
Companies almost like any other
Criminal organizations are now operating as profit-oriented enterprises. The interpenetration of the two economies Criminal organizations followed the movement of globalization. While taking advantage of the borders that still thwarting investigations and prosecutions protect the criminal economy thrives on deregulation and the loosening of controls ( liberalism , lack of state control in the Third World and the former Union Soviet ). The economy of regions and entire countries have seen controlled by criminal organizations, which have replaced the state or have entered. Revolutionary organizations slip from guerrilla to organized crime. The money from the illegal economy circulate unimpeded, while the bankers hide behind banking secrecy. . Laundering and trafficking also can not proceed without a minimum of complicity, conscious or not, the actors of the legal economy. It must be chartered ships carrying illegal immigrants or aircraft carrying drugs between Colombia and northern Mexico. Colombians, said Jean-Franois Boyer , have bought at La Rochelle dozens of catamarans. The industrialist, wrote Maillard , the lawyer , banker, insurer, officer, employee who bring their knowledge, practice, or their power for the mafias are "part-time criminals." It is through their professional practice that they drift into delinquency, and not deviating. Turnover Crime pays all these essential services. And develops a culture of corruption that shook an entire society . Criminal organizations do not just implement storefront operations. They include legal and illegal activities. As in Japan , where twenty-four thousand things are under control yakuza Financial Activity Unlike crime or simple individual gangs, criminal networks secrete a large accumulation of capital that can not be absorbed by the sole criminal economy. The money laundering is also not so much to reinstate the legal economy to him from the investigation. considers that this new strategy is emerging at the turn of the 1970s and 1980. Between 1977 and 1998 , there are more than 1800 billion dollars that have disappeared from national accounts. It is difficult to estimate the revenue from criminal activity, and thus obscures, or even the world's gross criminal product. The IMF proposes to estimate the annual turnover of criminal activities in the world range from 700 to 1,000 billion dollars, three times the budget of France in 1996. Buff considers the only turnover of the drug to 400 billion, of which 180 are used to compensate dealers and professionals in the legal sphere. Remaining 220 billion representing the net profit of criminal organizations.
The estimate is more difficult with regard to other criminal activities. He nevertheless believes that 320 billion dollars in profits is a minimum figure, which must be added 160 billion earned by the accomplices of the statutory corporation. In addition, income of organized crime from the legal sphere is growing. References See also
Bibliography
Filmography
External Links
(1 votes, average: 4.00 out of 5, rated)
Loading ...