See also: List of centuries , Roman numerals

Americas

• Around 1150 BC. BC , settled communities along the Tierra Caliente (hot lands) of the Gulf of Mexico. San Lorenzo, the first cities Olmec is based (-1200 / -900 ).

• Early Horizon period in Peru (ending in -200 ).
• Civilization Chavin north of Peru (-1200 / -200 ). Objects of ceramic, wood, stone, silver and gold, well-preserved tissue, embroidered and painted.

Africa

• Appearance on the rock paintings of the Sahara of horses harnessed to two-wheeled chariots and taken by warriors armed with spears and shields. They indicate contacts between the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan Africa.

Central Asia

• Time of Karasuk (-1200 / -700 ).
• Proto-Turks on the Upper Yenisei basin ( Minusinsk ).
• The industry of bronze becomes very elaborate knives, axes and spearheads the culture Karasuk are produced and traded into the China of the Shang dynasty.

India

• Destruction of the culture of Harappa , corresponding to the arrival of Aryans , Indo-European horsemen armed with iron and came from Iran. Their growth is facilitated by their rapid tanks pulled by horses, bows, spears, battle axes, armor and helmets. They introduce the Vedic language and they must drafting Veda.

Middle East

• Time confusion in the Middle East (-1200 / -900 ). Invasion of the Sea Peoples. Collapse of the Hittite empire. Resistance of Egypt under Ramses III , and then decline.

• According to the Bible, it was then that the Hebrews had begun to occupy the interior of Palestine except Ourousalim ( Jerusalem ).
• 1175 Ave. AD : The Philistines , or Sea Peoples, from the Aegean Sea , poorly understood group of peoples of Mediterranean origin, settled on the coastal zone of Gaza. They gave their name to Palestine.

• Between -1200 and -1000 , the peoples of Indo-European penetrate Iran in two waves: the Madai ( Medes ) and Parsua ( Persian ) come from the Caucasus and bind around the lake Urmiah. The Parthava ( Parthia ) and Hairawa follow the eastern shores of the Caspian , come into Iran from the north-east and spread gradually to Turkestan in Afghanistan and Baluchistan.
  • Persians and Medes satem belong to the group (they use this word to designate the number 100). It was long believed that the Medes had just arrived from the north, along the Persian, crossing the Caucasus. But recent research suggesting they were already installed from the third millennium in the region Tureng Tepe, south of the Caspian Sea, where they have developed an urban civilization. For unknown reasons, they would probably abandoned this habitat to -1700 to move on the Iranian plateau for the duration of the second millennium. In the early first millennium, they are found between Kurdistan and the northern region of Ecbatana where they are partially settled.

Europe

• Anatolia: Development of iron.
• Decline of Cyprus where the Greek language expands from -1200 to -1050.
• Disappearance of the palatial system in Greece. Disorders are noted Iolkos, Korakou, Mycenae , Tiryns and Lefkandi in Euboea and Teikhos Dymaion near Patras.
• The Aegeans are no longer present in Sicily.
• Beginning of a general movement westward of cultural influences that have come from southern Germany , of Austria and Bohemia , home of the Celtic world.

• " Civilization Urnfield "in Western Europe (-1200 / -725 ).
  • In Late Bronze Age, the civilization Protocelte "fields of urns" gradually expanding to Spain. The massive swords sleeved Mound rapiers are replaced by a long narrow strip on which chips of bone or wood are fastened with rivets. Sometimes adorned with pins of a miniature vase or poppy heads, pottery and ornaments are renewed. The oppida develop. The extraction of metals increases and bronze objects became more democratic. On the Atlantic coast and Adriatic appear traces of mining and salt trade.

• Italy : Period of transition from the Bronze Age and Iron Age said subapenninique or protovillanovienne (-1200 / -1000 ). Found throughout the peninsula where the cemeteries are buried the remains of the dead in urns of cremated terracotta (civilization Urnfield). This transformation of the mode of burial is likely due to internal migration in Italy or external, from the north and east. At the same time, human groups arriving from the Aegean. Contacts are established with Mycenae in southern Italy, in Latium and Etruria.

• Occupation of the island village of Wasserburg on Lake Feder ( Germany south). Initially consisting of 40 single-room houses (XII ^century), surrounded by a palisade of over 15,000 piles. The site was abandoned following the rising waters of the lake, is reoccupied to -1000. Nine houses are built tripartite log-walled, outer pissed, and a fence is rebuilt. The village will be destroyed by fire and abandoned around -800.

Significant Figures

• Ramses III
• Nebuchadnezzar ^I.

Economy and Society

• Cities Olmec are governed by an elite oligarchy capable of organizing teams of workers for the construction of temples, palaces and pyramids.
• The corn is the staple diet of the Olmecs. The fish and dogs provide the largest share of protein. Deer and wild pigs are consumed occasionally, as well as human flesh.

• In Greece mainland, back to farm life and decline of the ruling classes due to economic crisis (the productions were very specialized trade markets are becoming scarce with Egyptian and Oriental). The Mycenaean nobles ruined themselves can be transformed into pirates in the Cyclades.

• India: economy Aryan is mixed pastoral and agricultural. Livestock play an important role, and is a value or a means of payment. The horse is used for military purposes (two-wheeled cart). Goats and sheep provide wool. The entries for agriculture are scarce and this activity seems to be regarded as plebeian.

Art and culture

• Temples and sculptures of Chavin (bas-reliefs, heads in the round) and Andes of Cajamarca in the northern coast of Peru.
• Civilizations Olmec hieroglyphs and have mastered a form of schedule of 260 days. The Olmec practice a ritual ball game.

• In Sahara , directed by rock carvings.

• In India , stone and brick cease to be employed in architecture in favor of wood.

• The peoples of Europe who practiced in burial mounds adopt either acculturation or by invasion from east to west from foreign nations, incineration and collection of ashes in urns buried in cemeteries that can count up to 10,000 graves.

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• First loom frame and vertical chain stretched into Egypt.

• In Western Europe, smelters, particularly those of lake dwellings reach the pinnacle of their art: swords, axes or socket to go, helmets, armor, shield, shin guards, creating new tools: cutters, scissors, cutters, scrapers , carving, chisels, hammers, anvils, razors, knives, sickles ...

• Metallurgy : discovery of iron working, which is spreading to the ^eighth century BC. BC ( Iron Age )

See also

History | Chronology

• Portal of the ancient world
• Time portal

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