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Turkey

Turkey or turkey Meleagris

White turkey
Classification (IOC)
Reign	Animalia
Branch	Chordata
Sub-ember.	Vertebrata
Class	Aves
Order	Galliformes
Family	Phasianidae
Subfamily
Meleagridinae - Author incomplete - , date to be
Genre
Meleagris Linnaeus , 1758
Species of lower rank
Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758 Meleagris ocellata Cuvier, 1820

The turkey is a bird in backyard raised for its meat. In Mesoamerica , it was one of the only animals raised by indigenous peoples for thousands of years. The Europeans know it by the first settlers Spanish who brought him back to North America ( Mexico ) in Europe in the early ^seventeenth century ^{List of species}

According to the reference classification (version 2.2, 2009) of the International Ornithological Congress (order phylogenetic ):

Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758 - Wild Turkey
Meleagris ocellata Cuvier, 1820 - Ocellated Turkey

Pets come almost exclusively from Wild Turkey , the Ocellated Turkeys are very rare in livestock .

Economic impact

France would be the second largest producer with 625,000 t / year (declaration of France to FAO in 2004 to 2 million tonnes of poultry of all species produced in 2004 in France). The tonnage produced in 2005 was 550,600 tonnes carcass equivalent (tce) according OFIVAL (now the Office for breeding in 2005). More than a third of French production is for export (220 000 tce in 2005 by the Office for breeding). Most of these exports go to European countries, foremost among them is Germany. For several years, the French production of turkey, facing declining domestic consumption and exports on the European market, folds.

Diseases

This bird is particularly sensitive to several zoonotic diseases , including:

the avian flu virus, including H5N1 , farmers are required to strictly implement mandatory containment measures in risk areas. It only records in France that a single case of H5N1 reported in 2006 in a turkey farm (located Versailleux in the Ain ).

Several strains of salmonella including the turkeys outside, especially for large farms and especially from October to December during the peak production of Christmas turkeys industry, according to a report from the EFSA listing the factors known risk to the European Union. Flocks tested positive for Salmonella in Europe were all, according to EFSA, concentrated in six countries. Some of these strains can infect humans. The vaccine reduces this risk by EFSA .

Additional risk factor: every turkey in the world from a small number of imported breeding stock and selected for three centuries, which resulted in a loss of genetic diversity , which makes the domesticated strains probably more susceptible to outbreaks.