Tristan Tzara, whose real name is Samuel Rosenstock, born April 16 1896 at Moineti , Romania and died on 25 December 1963 in Paris , is a writer, poet and essayist speaking Romanian and French and one of the founders of Dada.

Summary 1 Biography 2 Works 3 Bibliography 4 See also 4.1 Other projects 4.2 Articles Related 5 Notes and references

Biography

Rosenstock family is part of the 800 000 Jews who identified with the Civil Code in force at the time, not citizenship Romanian. Raised in a certain affluence thanks to the father who is a manager in a petroleum company, Samuel experienced a childhood and adolescence were uneventful. It follows a course on French culture in a private institute, is awakening to literature at the Lyce Saint Sava and is the science section for the certificate of graduation in high school Mihai the Brave. It is a good student and his teachers noted his openness and his tireless intellectual curiosity .

Tristan Tzara does not hate "shock the bourgeois." He published poems in various journals such as the suburbs, where he discusses the "devastating hurricane of madness", or doubt, which emphasizes the role of chance in poetic creation: "I took out my old dream box, as you take a hat / Sleep is a garden surrounded by doubts / We not distinguish truth from falsehood. "
He is passionate about the work of Arthur Rimbaud , makes Galgenlieder (The Songs of the gallows) by Christian Morgenstern 's bedside book, while the Bucharest intellectual echoes of "odd pages" of a certain Urmuz (en) (aka Demetru Demetrescu Buzau), including Eugene Ionesco says he was "a kind of Kafka's more mechanical, more grotesque, the precursor of universal literary rebellion, one of the prophets of the dislocation of social forms of thought and language. "
Having received his certificate of graduation, Tzara enrolled at the University of Bucharest in Mathematics and Philosophy (September 1914). His friend Janco part polytechnic .

The provincial atmosphere of Bucharest bored Tzara who dreams of leaving. Against the advice of his father, but encouraged by Janco which the press to join him in Zurich , he left Romania for Switzerland, a neutral country hosting the youth of Europe rejecting the war. He enrolled at the university philosophy class. But boredom wins it again, "feelings of well-being became scarce and the pleasures were cataloged: excursions, cafes, friends ... "It must be contagious enthusiasm of Janco to prevent his return to Bucharest.
Tzara meets German Hugo Ball and his wife Emmy Hennings , dancer and singer. He presents himself as a professional revolutionary, a disciple of Mikhail Bakunin , who left Germany for incitement to riot. Convinced that in Switzerland, he would find some young people like him with the desire to "enjoy their independence," Ball says to Tzara plans to open a place would gather all the dissidents. On 2 February 1916, published in the press release announcing a Zurich creating a "center of artistic entertainment, which focuses on all but" small worldliness of the avant-garde. " The rendezvous is set in a tavern Spiegelstr for evening daily .

February 5, Ball , Hennings , Richard Huelsenbeck , Tzara and painters Jean Arp , Janco and Sophie Taeuber inaugurate the Cabaret Voltaire and transform the place into literary and artistic caf whose walls are covered with paintings creating an ambience at once intimate oppressive and . Success was immediate.

Tzara: "Every night, sing, recite - the people - the largest new art to the people - . "

He participated in the birth of the word " Dada "in Zurich and was the most active propagandist of the movement. Huelsenbeck, another founder of the Dada movement, claimed in 1922 in his history of Dada, Tzara was never Dadaist, reflecting the rivalry that regularly oppose). While some contemporary poets to see Tzara the leader of the new art.

He himself wrote the first texts "dada"

• The First Celestial Adventure of Mr. Antipyrine ( 1916 )
• Twenty-five Poems ( 1918 )
• and Seven Dada manifestos ( 1924 ), a collection of manifestos read or written between 1916 and 1924.

It was launched (with friends Andre Breton , Philippe Soupault and Louis Aragon ) in a wide variety of activities designed to shock the public and to destroy the traditional structures of language .

Subsequently, it has long struggled to reconcile Surrealism and communism (he even joined the Communist Party in 1936 before joining the Resistance during the Second World War ). He is buried in Paris at the Montparnasse cemetery (8 ^th Division).

Works

• The First Celestial Adventure of Mr. Antipyrine, first edition 1916 , with woodcuts and colored by Marcel Janco , repr. 2005, Editions Dilecta.
• Twenty-five poems, 1918. repr. 2006 , Editions Dilecta.
• Cinema timetable heart abstract houses, first edition 1920 , repr. 2005, Editions Dilecta.
• The Heart Beard, 1922.
• September Dada manifestos, first edition 1924 , with drawings by Francis Picabia , repr. 2005, Editions Dilecta.
• Handkerchief of Clouds, 1924. Selection Antwerp
• Sonia Delaunay, 1925.
• Our birds: poems, 1923.
• Traveler's Tree, 1930.
• Essay on the state of poetry, 1931
• Approximate Man, 1931.
• Where to drink wolves, 1932.
• The tetanus toxoid, 1933.
• Grain and Issues, 1935.
• Hand pass, 1935.
• Branches, 1936.
• On the field, 1937.
• The Second Adventure of Mr. Antipyrine Heavenly, 1938.
• Noon earned in 1939.
• Okay, 1944.
• Meanwhile, 1946.
• The Gas Heart, 1946.
• Earth to earth, 1946.
• Escape: a dramatic poem in four acts and epilogue, 1947.
• Surrealism and the post-war 1947.
• The Weight of the World, 1951.
• The Inside with 1953.
• Egypt face to face, 1954.
• At high flame, 1955.
• Good Time, 1955.
• Speaking alone, 1955.
• The Fruit allowed: poems, 1956.
• The Rose and the Dog, 1958.
• Just now, 1961.
• Lamp rooms, preceded Seven Dada manifestos, 1963.
• 40 songs and dchansons, 1972.
• Complete Works, Flammarion, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-five - 1,982 , 5 vols.
• Cinema timetable heart abstract houses, 2005.
• Discovery of so-called primitive arts, followed by blacks Poems, Hazan, 2006.

Bibliography

• Henri Behar, Tristan Tzara, Oxus Collection "The Romanians of Paris, Paris, 2005 ( ISBN 2-84898-048-6 ).
• Francis Buot , Tristan Tzara, Grasset , Paris, 2002
• Marc Dachy , Tristan Tzara, tamer acrobats, The Stall, Paris, 1992
• Christian Nicaise, Tristan Tzara: Books, Ed. Instant perpetual, Rouen, 2005 ( ISBN 2-905598-90-5 ).

See also

Other Projects