Treasury
A treasure is literally a set of objects of accumulated value and usually hidden or lost.
In archeology , called a treasure discovery comprising at least two currencies that were together when they were unearthed. When there is only one piece, it is called single currency.
This term is also used to refer to cultural objects of value kept in many churches and cathedrals , the treasures of Saint-Denis or treasures of the cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris is widely known.
Summary |
Law
In almost every country in the world can look for treasures. Some governments grant licenses, which are limited in time and pay. Sometimes these states also ensure a share of the treasure, if it is found.
But there's one thing all can be found: it will be granted any third party without permission of property research. In most countries it is forbidden to seek and dig in archaeological areas. Valuable information and could be destroyed. In case of violation, severe punishments are planned.
It is not permissible to seek secretly in other people's property, with a metal detector , and then dig the planting lawns or return, unless the neighbor has expressly approved the research ...
Search with a metal detector can be lucrative on the beaches and outdoor pools. It is amazing all that can lose people, pieces of jewelry worth ...
France
In French law, the concept of treasure includes "all things hidden or buried on-one can justify his property and that the effect was discovered by pure chance" (Art. 716 Civil Code). It applies only to chattels. It applies even if the object is not buried, but simply hidden from view, and if the discovery is done in several stages. A treasure belongs to its inventor (the person who discovers it) if it owns the land where the discovery was made, otherwise it belongs to the inventor for half and half to the owner.
If the discovery is not accidental, for example if the person behind the discovery used a metal detector , the property reverts to the landowner (article 552 of Civil Code). If the search was conducted without authorization, the offender is also liable to criminal prosecution.
Archaeological findings are of special regulation.
"A cultural heritage is inalienable and belong to society," explains Eric Rieth, head of underwater archeology at the Marine Museum in Paris. And this applies to both underwater and terrestrial treasures. For the underwater part, the Department of underwater archaeological research and submarine ( DRASSM ) is responsible for operating all wrecks under French law which are important archaeological, historical or artistic. The earthly treasures are equally protected. The 1989 Act prohibits the use of metal detectors to search for objects "of interest to the prehistory, history, art or archeology" without having obtained an administrative authorization.
Often, the treasures are also archaeological objects should be studied for their scientific value and information they bring to the knowledge of our past.
Germany
Under German law, a treasure is something that was found hidden for so long that its owner can not be determined ( 984 BGB). Whoever finds a treasure already acquired with the discovery, or even find a condo in half, unless the royalty treasure, referring to archaeological finds, is in force.
Treasure Hunters
- The most famous is the American Mel Fisher. It was discovered in July 1985 a Spanish galleon loaded with a treasure and shipwreck off Key West. The treasure consists of 50 tons of silver, chests of gold and precious stones (emeralds).
- John Brandon , who discovered the treasure of the Atocha.
Examples of treasures
Famous Treasures
- Treasure from the wreck of HMS Sussex (80)
- Treasure from the wreck of SS Central America containing 30,000 pounds of gold bars
- Treasury of Titanic
- Gothic treasure or treasury Pietroasa Bucharest, discovered in 1837 by a farmer, it dates from the fifth century. In the surrounding Goths have cohabited with a sedentary people, together they have produced objects that make up the treasure: brooches, vases, plates decorated with inlaid mythological scenes, a bracelet with a runic inscription ... Part of the treasure was transferred to Moscow for an exhibition but would have lost. The other part is in the Hall of Treasures from the Museum of History Bucharest.
- Treasure of Tutankhamun
- Treasure of the Tomb of Vix
- roda treasure (treasure of Charles IV, Holy Roman Empire )
- The treasure-Rka Devnia (Marcianopolis) Missing Treasures, probable or mythical
- Treasure of Rommel : Rommel would, according to the sayings and writings of former SS in 1943 submerged off Bastia in Corsica a cargo box full of gold looted throughout the African campaign including six metal boxes filled with ingots Gold has stolen the Jewish community of Tunisia. According to the French government, the treasury would have too large a volume to have been found without realizing it and therefore remains off Bastia.
- Treasury's Office of Amber .
- The gold necklace the last Inca emperor Atahualpa : it measures 350 steps, 200 men are required to wear it.
- Treasury of African king Lobengula (cf. Bulawayo ): they are 20 ox carts full of gems and gold boxes and boxes full of diamonds
- The gold mines of the biblical King Solomon : it is believed they were in Saudi Arabia. Perhaps it would be mine Mahd adh Dhahab ?
- The wealth of the temple of Siwa (or Siwa in Egypt )
- The tomb of Genghis Khan with his treasures giants
- In the largest mountain lake in the world, Titicaca in the Andes , huge amounts of gold were used as offerings, thrown to the bottom.
- In the woods above the mountain with the dog's head, somewhere in Zimbabwe , is a lost city with the golden treasure of King Monomotapa (Mwene Mutapa, "King Mine)
- Somewhere in the garden of the Chateau de Malmaison there would be a part of the fortune of the Emperor Napoleon
- Scilly Isles before the English coast sailed several boats filled with treasures from the famous Armada , they have sunk.
- On the Peloponnesus in Greece , sank in 1827 a Turkish-Egyptian fleet, gold worth over 200 million DM was aboard the Battle of Navarino
- The gold of Darius III is considered the greatest treasure of all time. Part of it was stolen by Alexander the Great , circa 334 BC. BC, when he plundered Susa , Issus , Damascus and Persepolis. He recorded only in Persepolis about 9,000 talents of gold and 40,000 silver talents. Knowing that talent weighs 26.2 kilograms, it has been more than 1 000 tonnes or in other words 50 large semi-trailers filled with precious metal - and this just for a city. Diodorus of Sicily relates that Alexander the Great carried his loot in 3000 and 10 camels carrying 000 pairs of mules, equivalent to over 23 000 animals porters. Not counting the part that Darius III took him to safety, Alexander the Great has stolen in Persia at the time 750 000 talents, about 19 650 tonnes, which are roughly 980 freight trains full of 20 tons of gold and silver, besides jewels and other valuables. As he continued later with his army to the Egypt , he left, bequest, the shields of his soldiers armed with pure silver. Darius fled with a small caravan to his summer residence in Ecbatana (now Hamadan in Iran ), where he had his last public treasury. Around the city he left buried in bequests, which were gold, silver and other valuables before he died. When Alexander the Great plundered the summer residence, he saw no trace of the treasure. Then he let his troops for weeks in vain look around. About 250 years later, Marcus Licinius Crassus sought gold and for that reason led war with the Parthians. Julius Caesar and Marcus Antonius also sought as the Emperor Nero Persian gold but without success. In 1973, the Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi did find the treasure: an American expedition came to work with modern appliances, but found nothing. Thus there is gold of Darius until today in an area of about 100 km from Hamadan.
- Treasure of Rennes-le-Chteau , or not discovered by Berenger Sauniere is also the treasure of Blanche de Castille (gold crown of France).
- Under the old castle Saxdorf ( Germany ), must be hidden pirate gold.
- In Bavaria , at Schambachtal , gold Mllers Alois Medere
- In Bavaria , in the Inn on the outskirts of Mhldorf , a lot of silverware of Maximilian Emmanuel of Bavaria.
- At Le Mans , nuns of the convent of Ursuline hid their possessions collective security being afraid of the revolutionary troops. Since 1790, the treasure is buried.
- Treasury chief Vendeen Franois-Athanase Charette de La Contrie , captured and executed in March 1796, leaving a buried treasure on its territory consists of 6,000 pounds of gold, U.S. dollars and pounds sterling.
- National Treasure at Gisors must be the biggest party.
- In the vicinity of the Tower of London in 1658, several casks containing about 50 000 gold coins were buried.
- Treasury called "Priam" : treasury (composed of vessels, coins, statuettes, jewelry, etc..) found in 1873 in Hissarlik by Heinrich Schliemann but lost again (stolen?) in 1945.
- The secret of The Hawk
- The treasure of Jean Lafitte (only a small part was discovered) must be located in several places on Padre Island , parts of it sank into bars in a primitive oven must be on the coast of Cape Delaware buried near a big cliff.
- The treasure of the Nazis in Lake Tplitz
- It is said that the legendary pirate William Kidd had hidden a treasure before being hanged.
Treasures potential
The undiscovered shipwrecks worldwide are estimated at more than 3 million. Nothing as Azores , 850 ships - including 90 Spanish galleons and 40 Portuguese ships that were the route to India - resting at the bottom of the water. The coasts of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean , by their history, are full of wrecks also. In one bay of Montevideo in Uruguay , more than 200 major shipwrecks have been recorded between 1772 and 1930.
Unusual
In March 2007, a mason working in a house in Loir-et-Cher from the fifteenth century historical monument. By digging a trench, he found a jar containing about 600 coins in gold and silver, dating from Louis XIII to Louis XV. The expertise of the department of coins and medals and antique finds the loot at 3206 pounds, or a nest egg sufficient to become an owner in the reign of Louis XIV , 75 cows .
In June 2008, Mason has auctioned its part (285 pieces) for 300 000 .
Internal link
Sources
- History of Gold (English)
- Was ist Was. Schatzsuche - verschollen und gefunden Schtze ISBN 3-7886-0638-X
- Treasure buried in France by Henri Lens ISBN 2-253-02258-6
- Treasure Hunt
References
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