Tonin
16 54'4 .39 "N 92 0'34 .83" W / 16.9012194, -92.009675
Tonin is a city Mayan located about 13 km east of Ocosingo .
Summary |
History
Tonin flourished during the Late Classic period , although the valley was uninhabited Ocosingo since the end of the pre-classic period. The advent of Tonin coincided with a change of dynasty in the seventh century. The ancient "Lord of the lineage of the underworld" were replaced by line named "Skeleton Snake Jaguar-Claw". This new dynasty, ambitious and militaristic , challenged the authority of regional Palenque. As often, the new ruling elite built over the achievements of its predecessor, adding a new layer.
During the period of renewal that followed, Palenque and the surrounding villages were attacked by Tonini, according to some findings by the son even K'inich Janaab 'Pakal I . She captured at least three Lords of Palenque. One of them, Kan-Xul II, was beheaded around 720. In 730 , Tonin sacked Palenque , contributing to its decline. The city reached its peak in the next decade. She was known as the "Place of the heavenly Captives" as it had captured several important captives. These were usually released cons of large ransoms or beheaded. Many sculptures represent Tonin captives subjected to torture or beheaded.
Around 900 , the city was rebuilt in a style simpler and more austere. The last Lord of Tonin mentioned is "Snake Jaguar" in 903. This is the last time Tonin was incorporated organized. The presence of headstones found at the site dating to 909 suggests that the decline Mayan Tonin resisted and remained an active society after the fall of many contemporary cities. Many embellishments Tonin being in stucco , the oldest of them are absent because they were destroyed or simply eroded early in the post-classic period. The ruined city was inhabited intermittently and its graves reused by people of unknown origin, perhaps the Mayan, but different cultural practices, including how to bury their dead, archaeologists have chosen to name a posteriori 'Chenek' .
Lords of Tonin
Here is a list of lords whose names Tonin hieroglyphics have been found on monuments:
- Ya B'alam Acal - VI century
- Chac B'olom Chaak
- K'inich Chapat Hix - to 595 - 665
- King, name unknown - 668 - 687
- K'inich B'aaknal Chaak - 688 - 715
- King, name not-decrypted - to 717 - 723
- K'inich Ich'aak Chapat - 723 - to 739
- K'inich tuun Chapat - VIII century
- Lord, name not deciphered - 787 - to 806
- Uh Chapat - early ninth century
Recent History Tonina
The first mention of the ruins is due to Fray Jacinto Garrido at the end of the seventeenth century. Tonin was visited several times in the nineteenth century , the first time during an expedition led by William Dupaix in 1808. John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood went there in 1840 , but published a brief account of their visit brought only limited evidence available to the site. It was not until the 1890s that the site was again studied: Edward Seller, Karl Sapper and other members cartographirent and photographed the site.
Frans Blom and Oliver La Farge led various searches on the site in 1925 on behalf of Tulane University. Bloom returned in 1928 and discovered new monuments in the area.
Project Tonina ( France ) led the excavations between 1972 and 1975 and between 1979 and 1980 under the direction of Peter Becquelin. The National Institute of Anthropology and History Mexico led his own excavations next year.
In 2010 is was discovered Tonina a sarcophagus with more than 1000 years Website The site, with an average size, is organized around a large square. At one end is a hill, which was artificially raised, and which are most buildings. It consists of seven terraces to a height of approximately 80 meters and has 13 temples on its slopes, 8 palaces, official buildings and homes . These were mainly built during the classic period between the sixth century and the ninth century. At 5th level, a codex of the ninth century , the Wall of the 4 eras, recounts the 4 periods of Maya history. At the southern end of the square is the Temple of Cosmic War. On the other hand, there is a ball game which was opened around 780. The site is visited and has a small museum . A theater / dance played San Cristobal de Las Casas presents the rivalry between Palenque and Palenque Rojo Tonina.Il is Notes 
Trivia
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