The ^third millennium BC. BC covers the period from the year -3000 to the year -2001 included.

Americas

• In Alaska , the beginnings of the culture of the Aleuts : slabs of stone tools, spears, pottery and stone lamps. Abundant organic remains. Essentially maritime economy: hunting of sea lions, otters, whales, seals, fishing and shellfish harvesting.
• Towards - 2800 , in Amazonia , the emergence of village groups engaging in horticulture.
• Towards - 2600 , on the central coast of Peru , construction of large and complex religious worship in the form of terraces and temples.
• Towards - 2500 , throughout the American South :
  • The selection and hybridization of cereals and maize in particular, offer significant improvements in production, allowing for population growth and the emergence of large permanent villages.
  • A majority of the population can engage in crafts and we are witnessing technological innovations in the weaving (loom), in the manufacture of polished stone tools and irrigation.
  • The long-distance trade is growing, and valuables are made to be sold across the continent. Some are found in rich graves.
• Towards - 2300 : beginnings of ceramics in Central America.

Oceania

• To -3000 :
  • On the island of Timor (now Indonesia), beginning of the introduction of pottery and the domestication of pigs , evidence of the transition to sedentary communities around the farmland that are grown tubers, cereals, yams and rice.
  • Beginning of the colonization of Melanesia by the Indonesians (up to - 2000 ).
  • New types of tools to handle Australia and introduction of dingo , probably came from Southeast Asia. The burial and cremation are more practiced. The rock art is spreading.

Asia

• To -3000 :
  • In China , early use of the plow in agriculture (near Hangzhou).
  • In Korea , late introduction of wheat in farming, from China.
  • In Asia , the emergence of the first traces of correspondence.
• To -2700 :
  • In China , the emergence of the first techniques of weaving silk and first objects in bronze.
  • Peninsular Malaysia began to be inhabited.
• To -2500 :
  • Beginning of the introduction of ceramics in all the islands of Southeast Asia. His arrival is concomitant with that of exogenous pets, and marks the development of permanent facilities for agricultural population to the detriment of the populations of hunter-gatherers.
  • The metallurgy of bronze spread across Southeast Asia.
  • Construction of fortified settlements in Longshan in China and production of ceramics made in the potter's wheel.

Indian Subcontinent

• The earliest civilizations settled in the valley of the Indus.
• Establishment of sea routes between the Indus and the Persian Gulf , with the discovery of the facilities of the regime monsoon.

• To -3000 , the peoples of Ceylon use cinnamone.
• To -2700 , development of the art of groove in agriculture by the civilization of the Indus Valley.
• To -2600 in the valley of the Indus , use of the plow ( Kalibangan ).
• To -2500 in the Indus Valley.
  • Development of urban civilization with important cities such as Mohenjo-daro and Harappa , surrounded by defensive walls of baked bricks.
  • Pictographic script, used on seals.
  • first garment cotton found in Mohenjo-daro.

Africa and Middle East

necropolis of Saqqara.

• Beginning of the Egyptian Old Kingdom , which lasted from -3000 to -2100 BC. BC Memphis is the capital of the pharaohs. The first pyramids were built, and the Egyptians made the conquest of Nubia and the Sinai.
• This millennium is for Palestine , that of the Canaanite civilization. Through trade with Egypt, the region grows and grows, and specializes in the trade of ceramics and many buildings are emerging. Many Canaanite cities grow and become stronger.

• To -3000 :
  • Original inhabitants of Palestine, called Canaan. The Canaanites are beginning to settle and to found cities, especially Jerusalem. Of execration texts mention the Egyptian city known as Rushulimum from the ^nineteenth century BC. AD.
  • in Asia Minor , early use of the wool of sheep.
  • The Sumerians used the cloves of the Moluccas.
  • First writings in hieroglyphics Egypt.
• To -2700 , in Egypt :
  • Beginning of the Old Empire.
  • Development of the technique of plowing evidenced by the drawings in the tombs of the period.
• To -2650 , in Egypt , construction of the first Step Pyramid of King Djoser at Saqqara.
• To -2600 , in Egypt , construction of the pyramid Meydum first true pyramid.
• To -2530 , in Egypt , building the great pyramid of Cheops at Giza
• To -2500 ,
  • In Mesopotamia south, the first known recipe for beer is found on a clay tablet.
  • Emergence of city-states in Mesopotamia and the Levant, each dominated by a vast palace complex.
  • First syllabic Sumerian literature, found at Abu Salabikh.
  • Sumerian Royal Tombs at Ur , which were found in furniture, many items imported or locally manufactured, as well as servants and maids sacrificed.
  • Use of war chariots with four wheels in Mesopotamia.
  • In the Saharan region, the increasing dryness arises.
• To -2350, expected date of the biblical Flood.
• To -2300 , Sargon of Akkad unifies the city states of Mesopotamia, and forms a first empire.
• To -2150 , drop the old Egyptian empire.
• To -2100 :
  • The existence of the Canaanite city of Jerusalem , called Ourousalim is evidenced in writings dating from the year -2000 BC
  • This century was for the Egyptians, a period of decline, known under the term of the first intermediate period, circa -2040 , establishment of the Middle Egyptian empire.

Europe

• To -3000 , construction of fortified citadels and developments of a major metal industry have appeared in Southern Europe.
  • Civilization megalith is spreading around the Languedoc and Provence.
  • Megalithic alignments of Carnac , in Brittany.
• To -2900 , the appearance of the Corded Ware cultures in Northern Europe.
• To -2800 :
  • Beginning of the development on the island of Crete the great Minoan civilization that erected in stages, until the year -1150 , the palace-cities, such as the famous palatial complexes of Knossos , Phaistos , Malia and Zakros.
  • Painters and potters have taken their art to a high degree of refinement. The Crete is an island, so heavenly, with fertile lands and mountains and highlands. The People of the Minoans were peaceful but powerful.
• To -2500 , Western Europe, civilization campaniform vases, often associated with individual burials closing as copper daggers.
• To -2300 , the beginning of the full period of the Bronze Age.
• To -2100 , begins construction of the structure standing stones of Stonehenge (megalithic site) in the current Wessex, England.

Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions

• Agriculture: soc (-3000, China), wool of sheep (-3000, Anatolia), pork (-3000, Timor), tillage (-2700, Egypt), furrow (-2700, Indus Valley), plow ( -2600, Indus Valley), beer (-2500, Mesopotamia)
• Industry: silk weaving (-2700, China), ceramics (-2500, islands in the South-East Asia), first in handicrafts Glass (Middle East, Egypt).
• Writing: invention of papyrus around 3000 BC. AD; invention of ink around 2500 BC. AD.
• Medicine: discovery of herbal medicine by the Sumerians around 3000 BC. AD.
• Navigation: invention of the anchor by Chinese and Egyptian sailors.
• Company: Jerusalem (-3000, Palestine), Minoan civilization (-2800, Crete), the first pyramid (-2650, Egypt), beaker vases (-2500, Western Europe), defensive walls of brick, pictographs (-2500 Valley Indus), Stonehenge (-2100, England)

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