See also: List of centuries , Roman numerals

The ^third century BC. BC starts on January ^1, -300 and ends on December 31 -201.

Events

Americas

• Rise of civilization Maya. Building the first pyramids.

Asia & Indian world

Central Asia

• Beginnings of the Iron Age in Mongolia ⁱⁿ the third century. The iron objects found in tombs slabs show that the expansion of the ironwork has been a gradual southward of Lake Baikal.
• Emergence of an aristocracy of the steppe in Mongolia. Some forms of collective exercise of power remain parallel, as the assembly of clan leaders.

China

• Construction of defensive walls north of Qin , the Yan and Zhao. The king of Zhao fortifies its border with a wall on the north loop of Ordos against the incursions of the nomads. The kingdom of Yan built a short time after the Manchurian plain, that of Qin in -270.

• Wangcheng , capital of the Zhou reached 250 000 inhabitants at the end of the century.

• Irrigation of 16 000 km ² of the Chengdu Plain ( Sichuan ) by Li Bing , governor Qin in the State of Shu , recently conquered ( -316 ). This system, which protects the flood plain by a large dam that diverted the course of the Minjiang river in a gorge carved through a mountain, still operates today.

• End of the feudal period of Warring States and early imperial era: having taken an advantage over other states, the kingdom of Qin began a major campaign of unification, resulting in -221 to the creation of empire. King Ying Zheng became Qin Shi Huangdi , the First Emperor of Qin. The Qin dynasty retains the throne just 15 years.

• End of the Qin Dynasty and founding of the Han Dynasty by Liu Bang , by -206.

Japan

• Early age of pottery at the turn of Japan ( Yayoi period , -300 / 300 ).
• Populations of the Bronze Age and Iron in Japan are part of a comprehensive population of North Eastern Asia ( China , Korea , Manchuria , Taiwan ).

Nepal

• The Nepal is governed in the ^third century BC. AD by the Tibetan dynasty Kiratas , under which Buddhism was introduced. The Lichhavi succeed them and rule over the Central Valley to the ^eighth century.

Vietnam

• Au Lac kingdom, founded in the ^third century BC. AD, of which there remains no trace.

Middle East

• The Saudi pleased consists of four independent kingdoms Semitic: Kingdom of Minaeans , Sabaeans, and Cattabaniens Chatramotites. They live largely on the trade in spices with the Greek world ( frankincense , myrrh , cinnamon , etc..).

North Africa

• From the ^third century, the territory west of Carthage, powerful kingdoms Berbers are formed, if one judges by the importance of monuments built at that time, as the Medracen near Batna and the tomb of the said Christian, near Tipaza. These kingdoms are composed by large nomadic tribes that move with huts (mapalia) mounted on wheels.

Ancient Egypt

• Beginning of the dynasty of the Ptolemies
• Construction of the lighthouse of Alexandria (ca. -280)

Europe

Western Europe

• Installing Belgians : Ambiani (towards Amiens ), Atrebates (to Arras ) Bellovaci (towards Beauvais ) Eburones (towards Tongeren ) Mediom (to Metz ), Menapii (at the mouth of the Scheldt ), Morini (to Boulogne ) Nervii (in Brabant ), Remi (to Reims ), Sicambri (in the north of the Lippe and south of the Ruhr , deported to Belgium by Rome in -12 ), Suessiones (towards Soissons ) Vangiones (towards Worms ) Treveri (towards Trier ) Triboques (in Alsace ), Veliocasses (in the Vexin )]
• Installing Germans : Aduatiques (towards Namur , Lige ), Batavia (at the mouth of the Rhine ), Leuques (from the Cimbri , to Toul and to Nancy )] between the Seine and the Rhine.
• Migration of Germans to the south, probably from Scandinavian countries: Cimbri in Jutland , Swabians (east of the Elbe and the ^second century BC. between the Rhine and Danube and in Swabia ).
• Installing Celts : Allobroges in a region extending to the northwest of the Alps between the Rhone valley and the valley of Geneva (the current departments of Haute-Savoie , Savoie , Isre and part of western Switzerland ).
• Fighting in the Hellenistic world attracts Celtic mercenaries into the Balkans.

Southern Europe

• Rome became a Mediterranean power: it defeats the Samnites ( Samnite wars ) and conquered central Italy and then beat Carthage ( Punic wars ) and in 202 BC. BC dominates the western Mediterranean ( Sicily , Sardinia , Hispania , Illyricum )

Eastern Europe

• Domination of the Sarmatians ( Alans , Roxolani , Iazyges ), coming from the area between Don and Ural , the Danube to the Caspian and Baltic in the north (-300 / -200 ).
• Development of viticulture in Crimea , about Panticapaeum.

Significant Figures

• Ancient Egypt
  • Ptolemy ^I Soter (-305 ~ -285)
  • Ptolemy II Philadelphus (-285 ~ -246)
  • Ptolemy III Euergetes (-246 ~ -222)
  • Ptolemy IV Philopator (-222 ~ -205)
  • Ptolemy V Epiphanes (-204 ~ -180)
• India
  • Ashoka (-273 ~ -232)
• China
  • Qin Shi Huangdi (245 ~ -210)

Economy & Society

• Development of a comprehensive international trade and the advent of a great Hellenistic world capitalist bourgeoisie (bankers, tax farmers, ship owners, merchants). The Greece no longer plays a central role (only Rhodes and Delos and Corinth are of international importance). Navigation techniques are improving, and the Hellenistic kingdoms to equip large shipping ports, maintain and build roads and canals. The currency is widespread, even among the barbarians ( Arabs , Parthians , Thracians , Celts , Iberians , Romans ). Banks are required to exchange and interest loan. They are private (Athenian expatriates), managed by cities ( Miletos ) or temples ( Ephesus , Sardis , Delos ...), state (Egypt Ptolemaic ).
• The activity is concentrated in Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt. It concerns first of all foodstuffs (wheat from Egypt, wine and olive oil from Greece and Anatolia, hazelnuts Bridge, etc..) And raw materials (wood, iron, metals). Then move manufactured goods of good quality (Megarian ceramic, metal vases, bronze sculptures, ex-votos, jewelry, luxury fabrics and carpets). The slave trade is considerable. The conquest of the East can finally arrived on the Mediterranean products from Black Africa, Arabia and India (ivory, spice, incense, perfumes, pearls, precious stones). The strong demand for luxury products causes a hemorrhage of cash (gold and silver) that will last until the end of the Roman Empire.
• Trade Carthage resumed with Egypt Ptolemy , Rhodes and Campania. It exchanges manufactured cons Greek food in the Maghreb and imported ores by long-distance trade with Black Africa (gold placers Gambia ) or the British Isles (tin).

Arts & Culture

• Writing the Book of Tobit.

• Belgian pen or Picardy.
• "Bowls Arc-en-ciel", so named by the peasants of the eighteenth ^century who discovered during washout of their fields by heavy rains ( Germany 's southern Switzerland ). These are forms of gold coins minted by the convex Boii magical patterns (three cells, torque bouletes ends), which had probably worth offering rather than economic.

Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions

Americas

• Writing system Maya.

Asia

• In China , Li Si , the premier of Qin Shi Huang , coordinates all scripts used in China, giving the ideograms Small Zhuan style ( 221 BC. ).
• From 206 BC. AD , the writing of the scribes, Li Shu, expands to meet the need for increasing amounts of processing documents.
• In China , the bronze coin finally replaces the old types. The coins are pierced disc practices when traveling because they can be strung on a cord.
• ^In the third century BC. BC starts on Japan "agricultural" (time Yayoi ) enriched by a spectacular series of contributions from the mainland: the potter's wheel, bronze, stone, finely polished and especially rice cultivation, with the practices of irrigation. Rice grows in the West ( Kansai ) and makes extensive use of wooden tools. In the east ( Kanto ), where cereals are grown in dry soil, is used as a tool of stone and metal.

Africa

• Diffusion of iron in Egypt.
• Farmers of civilization Nok ( Nigeria ) are the first in West Africa namely treating lateritic iron ore abundant in the region (to -300 or -200 ). Its use remains fairly limited, and the people of Nok still used polished stone axes. The assumption that the people of Nok have discovered unaided how to deal with iron ore is likely, but the influence of Meroe can not be ruled out, contacts between the Nilotic Sudan Chad and Sudan.

Europe

• Emergence of Celtic coinage.
• The physician and anatomist Herophilus of Chalcedon provides a general picture of the nervous system, showing the role of the spinal cord and brain. He studied the eye and optic nerve. It makes the pulse diagnosis. His rival Erasistratus of Ceos specializes in studying the movement and founded the true physiology. He would have distinguished the motor and sensory nerves.

• Portal History
• Portal of the ancient world

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