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Seventeenth Century

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1600 | Year 1610 | Year 1620 | Year 1630 | Year 1640
1650s | Year 1660 | Year 1670 | Year 1680 | Year 1690

1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610
1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620
1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630
1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640
1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650
1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660
1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670
1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680
1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690
1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700

See also: List of centuries , Roman numerals

The seventeenth century begins on 1 January 1600 and ends on 31 December 1700.

In France, historians are beginning the seventeenth century with the assassination of King Henri IV in 1610 and are complete with the death of Louis XIV in 1715.

Summary

/ / Events

Europe

  • Thirty Years War : a series of political and religious conflicts that ravaged Central Europe (the Holy Roman Empire, Germany and Austria) from 1618 to 1648. It ended with the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia ( 1648 ). Many conflicts are underlying
  • Anglo-Dutch Wars , on three occasions between England United Provinces (flanked by their allies momentary). First (1652-1654), second (1665-1667); third , behind the Dutch War (1672 -74)
  • War of Devolution , between France to Spain, under the anxious eyes of England, the United Provinces and Sweden from 1667 to 1668. It ended with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
  • Dutch War , between the United Provinces (later aligned Spain, Brandenburg, Denmark and the Holy Roman Empire) to France, England, the Archbishop of Mnster and Sweden (1672-1678)
  • War of the League of Augsburg , between France and the Irish and Scottish Jacobites in England, the United Provinces, Sweden, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Savoy (1688-1697)

France

Switzerland

United Provinces

  • The Golden Age of Dutch extends roughly from the 1580s to the early eighteenth century (between 1672 and 1715)

Asia

Africa

  • Over the past century, 2.75 million Africans were deported to America.
  • 15 000 slaves a year were exported to Brazil in Luanda and Benguela in Angola during the seventeenth and eighteenth century. The French operate mainly on the coast of Senegal and Ivory Coast, while the English share the monopoly of trafficking in Benin with the French and Portuguese and the Gold Coast with the Dutch.

Sudan

  • Over the century, Zarma settled in Zarmaganda led by their guide who would bear the title of Mali Bero.
  • The kingdoms of the Sudan Chad have many courses. The possible contenders to the throne are borgns or blinded. The wars are accompanied by slave raids.
  • Over the past century, many Fulani convert to Islam.
  • Trade Diakhank ("people of Dia "on the Niger ) prosperous 1600 until about mid- nineteenth century , between Segou and Sikasso in the east, the headwaters of the Gambia and Senegal to west and the Fouta Djallon in the south. They carry into the slave coast, gold purchased Bambouk , cotton fabrics manufactured in their own villages, ivory and wax, they exchange with the usual products of trade with the Europeans. They also participate in intra-trade: they provide the Senegambia kola nuts, shea butter, iron and fabric; to Niger, it mainly bring salt and other tissues.
  • The company of Senegal and Gambia (Dieppe and Rouen merchants) obtained the monopoly of trafficking and established the Counter -Saint Louis, Senegal and the Island of Goree.
  • Power of the kingdom Fon of Allada in Benin today.
  • Apogee of the art of bronze Benin and brass of Ife (lost wax) between 1575 and 1650.
Bronze of Benin, Nigeria, late fifteenth century, first half of XVI century
  • The power of Baguirmi , Muslim territory that has retained pre-Islamic customs, continues to grow throughout the century.
  • At the beginning of the century, cities Hausa dominated firstly by the Songhai , the other by the Kebbi , come to reclaim their independence. Their action is promoted by the decay of Songhai occupied by the Hispano-Moroccan. Refractory to Islam, these cities are freed from the tutelage of Kebbi and repel the attacks of Bornu.
  • At the beginning of the century, the Abyssinians invaded Sennar becoming a vassal of the Christian empire. Dynasty Kayra needed in Darfur to the detriment of Toundjour with the Muslim Solong Suleiman.

Central and East Africa

  • At the beginning of the century, the kingdom Luba ( Katanga ) reached its zenith under the reign of Kumouimba Ngomb. At his death, bloody succession struggles weaken the central government. iLounge Kabale (died circa 1850 ), which took power after killing his brother Ndayi Mujinga, spends most of his reign to quell uprisings and conspiracies.
  • The Masai , a people "Nilo-Ethiopian" pastoralists and warriors from the Lake Turkana , on the south by sinking the " Rift Valley "they overflow through raids.
  • At the beginning of the century, the sovereign Tutsi Rouganzou II Ndori extends his kingdom to the west of Rwanda held by Hutus.

Madagascar

Significant Figures

Women and Politicians

Louis XIV, a monarch whom we associate in the seventeenth century France. Portrait by Charles Le Brun (1661).

Writers and theater people

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Philosophers

Show: Philosophers of the seventeenth century

Linguists

Grammarians :

Architects

View: Architects of the seventeenth century

Scientists

Painters

See also:

Musicians

See also:

Religious

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

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Astronomy

Physics

Mathematics

Exploration

Medicine

Transport

  • 1602: first rails in mines near Newcastle.
  • 1620: first submarine of the modern era.
  • 1620: First taxi.

Arts and Culture

Facade of Chateau de Vaux-le-Vicomte

Literature

Architecture

Painting

Representatives: Charles Le Brun , Georges de La Tour , Nicolas Poussin , Caravaggio

Music

Economy and Society

Asia

  • Society Japanese freezes under state control: the bushi (aristocracy), accounts for only 7% of the population, led by a few large families with very great fiefs ( daimyo ). Basically, the samurai are "fed" by a balance of daimyo in rice. Their role is purely hereditary military. The military is cemented by the privileges and value code ( Bushido ). Farmers (83% of the population) live in villages with a certain autonomy. They are divided into owners (honhyakusho) with their hereditary servants (Fudai) and tenants of the feudal (Shanin). Cities rare (10% of the population) are home to artisans (shokunin) and merchants (Shanin).

Europe

Holy Roman Empire

  • Improved living conditions of peasants XVI - XVII century. In countries inherited the house of Habsburg , there is an increase in the chore, with the exception of Tyrol , where it does not. Farmers are more liable to taxation "rough" due to the king for war purposes. However, we take certain steps to protect them: in the land entrusted to farmers in censive (Rustikalland) is a system of long leases of long duration, ensuring the enjoyment of tenure. Large areas are formed or grow, either by purchasing smaller properties or property of a ring, either by conquest of wastelands. Thus is formed the "Crown lands" (Dominikalland), part of which, enhanced by the drudgery of peasant, becomes the reserve. The nobles oblige tenants to dispose of the surplus of their products at Castle. They sell them on the market, giving them the cash. They also enjoy the monopoly of liquor to the taverns, breweries and mills. They often develop rural industries in their areas: weaving, paper mills, sugar mills, brick kilns. The three-field spreads. The cultivation of maize and tobacco is introduced. The wine is maintained until the Thirty Years War , during which Bavaria , an enemy of the Habsburgs, banned imports of Austrian wines and beer consumption develops.

France

In 1602 is founded under the leadership of Henri IV , the National Gobelins manufactory.

King Louis XIV is taking initiatives to unify the law in France :

- Ordinance of 1673 on trade in the land based commercial code ;
- The Edict of Saint-Germain-en-Laye of 1679 mandates the teaching of French law in the faculties of law , and creates "French law professors" in universities in the kingdom.

Louis XIV starts with Jean-Baptiste Colbert, a policy aimed at expanding trade ( mercantilism ). He founded several major royal factories: Manufacture Nationale de Svres ( porcelain ) manufactory of Beauvais ( tapestry ), Compagnie des Glaces (now Saint-Gobain).

Poland

  • The rural economy is characterized by the dominance of large estates in the hands of the king, the Church and the nobility of the magnates. Cities have only trivial properties, because the bourgeoisie has lost the right to acquire land in the early sixteenth century only to find its eighteenth century. Part of the soil belongs to the gentry (szlachta) which operates in small properties. The major areas involving tens or hundreds of villages to the east, while in Great Poland , they are reduced to a single village. We are witnessing a fragmentation of the movement areas by inheritance or debt, but the opposite trend prevails concentration by the largesse of the king or the enrichment of some. Thus, in the district Puawy near Lublin , the number of owners of more than 500 manses (unit meets the needs of a family), which was 13% in the fifteenth century , increased to 30% in the mid-seventeenth to reach 42% in the eighteenth century. Some of the major areas forms a stately reserve (Folwark) operated by the drudgery of the farmers. An important part of the rural population is employed directly by the nobles for their service. Crops are developing, especially in Lithuania , at the expense of pasture. The three-field system is widespread, but remains fallow for about half of the land. The wheat grew significantly and it becomes in the west an export product. Livestock is important for horse military or transport cattle for plowing, and not for meat, which is rare on the table of the peasant.
  • The cities are experiencing a period of prosperity in the sixteenth century , which decline with the wars of the next century. Inequalities are increasing between the patricians and wealthy merchants and the people, consisting of servants, laborers and beggars. Increases the number of nobles in the city. The period was marked by conflicts between the patricians and the plebs to tax issues or public authority, the masters of the Board wish to extend the maximum elective office, while the artisans want a fast rotation.
  • The company Polish the Counter-Reformation invented a specific form of art, the Baroque Sarmatian. The nobles claimed descent from the Sarmatians , who have dominated the Slavs and gave birth to szlachta. Any fashion invades clothing, hairstyle (shaved head, with a braid), daily life, funeral rituals (portraits painted on the coffins). A new genre celebrating the deeds of these Sarmatians.

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