Samos
| Samos | |||
 View of Vathy | |||
| Geography | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country |  Greece | ||
| Location | Aegean Sea ( Mediterranean Sea ) | ||
| Contact | 37 44 '02 "N 26 49' 48" E / 37.734014, 26.829987 37 44 '02 "N 26 49' 48" E / 37.734014, 26.829987 | ||
| Administration | |||
| Greece | |||
| Periphery | North Aegean | ||
| Nome | Samos prefecture | ||
| Demography | |||
| Largest city | Vathy (Samos) | ||
| Other information | |||
| Time Zone | UTC +2 | ||
Geolocation on the map: Greece
| |||
| Islands of Greece | |||
Samos (in Greek ) is an island Greek of the Aegean , near the Asia Minor, now part of Greece, located 70 kilometers south-west of Izmir , near the modern city of Chora and Tigani. With the island of Ikaria , it forms the prefecture (prefecture) of Samos , whose capital is the city of Vathy. It has 30,800 inhabitants ( 2001 ; Samians or Samiotis) to 476 km.
The island is famous for its red pottery which are renowned in the ancient world , his craftsmanship with his bronzes and jewelry, wood construction, his tobacco, wine (grape Malvasia ), fruit, roses and the olive oil.
It is the home of Aesop (Greek fabulist, seventh century), Pythagoras (mathematician and philosopher, ca -580 / v -490 ) of Aristarchus of Samos (astronomer, mathematician) and architect Rhoikos (or Rhaekos, ca -575 / v -525 ) who built the first temple of Hera , the Heraion of Samos. There remains the ancient Samos enclosure north and part of the enclosure is, with its towers and gates. This island is a former bishop.
Summary |
History
Prehistoric and Archaic
The island is inhabited since the Neolithic and then receives, in turn, the Carian , the Leleges and since the tenth century, Ionians came from Epidaurus. It is one of the twelve cities that form the Ionian confederation with: Chios (or Chios or Kios) Clazomenae , Colophon , Ephesus , Eritrea , Lbdos , Miletus , Myonte , Phocea , Priene , Teos and provide its shipbuilders and sailors. Colaeus of Samos was the first to cross the Greek columns of Hercules.
Apogee under Polycrates
Of -538 to -522 BC. JC, Samos is coming of age of economic prosperity; major operations, including the tunnel Eupalinos are undertaken during the reign of his pompous tyrant Polycrates. He knows how to impose its hegemony in the archipelago and make the city's most powerful maritime state in the Aegean.
Polycrates seized power with his two brothers at a party in honor of the goddess Hera. Then he kills the first Pantagnostos exile and the second Syloson. It combines the Pharaoh Amasis ( -570 / -526 ) and the tyrant of Naxos Lygdamis and plundered the cities and islands Ionian , including Lesbos and Miletus. He then broke the alliance with Egypt and makes an agreement with King Persian Cambyses II ( -528 / -521 ). The nobles, headed by his brother Syloson , rebel attacks and Polycrates, who loses the battle and took refuge in Samos, where the rioters are unable to dislodge him. The latter then asked for help to Sparta and Corinth. They invade the island and laid siege to the city for 40 days but never get the win. Herodotus (Greek historian, -484 / v -425 ) tells the end of Polycrates thus: the satrap of Persian Oroits wanting to kill Polycrates invite him to Sardis. Polycrates went into the city, despite the warnings of his sister and her daughter, who saw his death in a dream. There is murdered, crucified Oroits doing. Polycrates is also a great builder he built at Samos a large temple dedicated to Hera , a palace that will be later rebuilt by Emperor Roman Caligula ( 37 - 41 ) and an aqueduct.
League of Delos
The island is free from the Persians at the end of the second war to medical ( -482 / -479 ), after the victories Athenians against the Persians at Salamis ( -480 ) and Mycale ( -479 ), and joined the League Delos chaired by Athens.
In -440 conflict between Samos and Miletus for the possession of Priene. Miletus seeks help in Athens. Pericles intervenes with 40 ships, he overthrows the oligarchy of Samos and leaves behind a garrison. But the oligarchs regained power with the help of the Persian satrap of Sardis and deliver the Athenian garrison Persians.
Athens can not accept this situation, Samos also have a large fleet, it sent two hundred vessels. After eight months of conflict, Samos surrendered, the city must deliver its fleet, pay a war indemnity important and democracy is restored. In -412 / -411 is the leader of Samos of Athenian Democratic Trasybule takes the head of a rebellion against the oligarchy of Four Hundred installed in Athens.
Hellenistic and Roman Period
After Alexander the Great ( -336 / -323 ), Samos is contested by several states: the Ptolemies , the Seleucids , the Kingdom of Pontus , etc.. In -84 Ave. BC, the city was annexed to the province's Roman Asia. After the battle of Actium , where he defeated the Egyptian and Marc Antony in September -31 Ave. BC, Augustus ( -27 Av AD / 14 AD Ap) spends the winter with his fleet at Samos. Samos becomes free from that time until the Emperor Vespasian ( 69 - 79 ) and later forms with Chios , Kos and Rhodes Islands province.
Byzantine and Ottoman Period
For the ninth and tenth centuries , the island belongs to a theme maritime bears his name, the theme of Samos , although the seat was on the mainland, at Smyrna.
In 1346 , the Genoese seized Chios , Samos and Ikaria , which fall under the administration of the Genoese Giustiniani family until 1566.
The island is completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1475 Principality of Samos After the independence of Greece, the Western powers choose to put Turkey to Samos, but by giving the island an autonomous principality status. In 1832 the London Protocol , signed between Turkey , the France , the UK and Russia on 11 December 1832 (Treaty which guaranteed, among other things, the safety of the Greeks of Turkey ) requires the erection of non-autonomous Principality of Samos hereditary set for hospodars Phanariotes who had been expelled by the Russian protectorate of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (where the throne was not hereditary). As these principalities remains Samos vassal of the Ottoman Empire. The Sultan of the Ottoman princes shall appoint Phanariots. Samos is then, as the Danubian principalities, a Christian principality vassal of the Ottoman Empire, led by Christian princes appointed by the Turks. The first prince of Samos is Ioannis Alexandros Stourdza former Hospodar of Moldova deposited by the Russians in 1828 , receiving in 1829 as compensation, Sultan Mahmud II , the island of Samos. The throne of Samos was occupied by the princes following Pegged Greece During the First Balkan War in 1912, Themistocles Sophoulis seizes the island with a handful of Greek volunteers. They hunt the Ottoman administration and members of the royal family to France where they resided for nearly a century. Sofoulis obtained the recognition of union with Greece in 1913. Achilles sold to the son of King Priam , after being caught (version of Iliad ), as well as Imbros and Lemnos ( Iliad , XXIV, 751-753). Herodotus (3, 60), cites three major architectural and engineering Samos: 
Mythology
Archaeology
The aqueduct, the old pier and Heraion
References
See also
Related articles
External link
(1 votes, average: 4.00 out of 5, rated)
Loading ...