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Romanian
Total population	25 000 000
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Moldova
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Language (s)	Romanian
Religion (s)	Orthodoxy
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Among the "Vlachs" bottom-Danube and the Balkans can be distinguished:
gray area = cross-language encounters (tranhumance)
blank = Daco-Romanians
Green Istria and Dalmatia =
yellow = Aromanians
orange = Megleno-Romanians

The term refers to Romanians two sets:

The whole policy defined by the law of the soil , the are citizens of Romania. Their number is 22 million (down). For information on the entire Romanian political, see the article on Romania.

The assembly language defined by the science of the same name, Rumanian people are living in Eastern Europe, on both banks of the Danube and on both sides of the Carpathians : these are Thracians and Dacians Romanized, original Indo-European , settled in the Balkans and the basin of the lower Danube. They were called Vlachs in history, and Moldovans in the former USSR. But Vlach also meant Istrians or Istro-Romanians , the Aromanians the Megleno-Romanians , and once the Diciens and Dalmatians (Mavro-Morlaques or Vlachs) from the Illyrian Thraco- old. The name " Wallachia "has the same origin. The Romanian-live mainly in Romania where they are 89.5% of the population (Romanian census of 2002), and Republic of Moldova where they are 71.2% of the population (census Moldovan 2004). It is estimated the total number to 24 million. The rest of this article deals with the whole language Romanian.

/ / Characteristics of Romanians

Aromanian and Daco-Romanians share common characteristics that unify them and differentiate them from other ethnic groups :

a Latin language, which has long been their only link (gray area on the map) while they lived scattered among other populations and in a region dominated by other kingdoms and empires. This link formed islands of Latin culture ("popular novels" or "Wallachia") in an area where rubbed Languages Slavic , Germanic , Magyar , and Turkish. Among Vlachs there are only two languages: Aromanian south of the Danube and Romania to the north. In Aromanian there are two dialects: Istro-Romanian (spoken by a further twenty people) and the Romanian-Megleno (a few hundred people). In Romania there are no accents and dialects, but some regional words: Moldovan , dobrogen , maramurene. They say there is no dialect when there is no isogloss , that is to say when all the sentences of a speaker is perfectly understandable by the other. Thus a Maramurene can interact with Moldavian as easily with a Parisian Versailles.
a common religion, originally the Christian Orthodox faithful to the theology and canon law of the Church of the First Millennium, framed by the Orthodox churches from the original community of the Eastern Roman Empire (called " Byzantine "by Hieronymus Wolf in 1557 ).
a common soil, which initially covers an area larger than the Romanian modern (end of the three Romanian principalities say: the Moldova , the Wallachia and Transylvania. This territory, which is the area of dispersion of "popular fiction" (Wallachia "countries where local Latinos were the majority) goes from the eastern borders of the Czech Moravia (north) to the Greek Thessaly (south) and Istria (west) to the Black Sea (east ). The vagaries of history, especially in this turbulent region of passages between the rich plains of the Ukraine and Central and Southern Europe, meant that the Romanians were scattered between Hungary , the Ukraine , the Republic of Moldova and more recently Canada , the U.S. , the Brazil , of Germany , the Italy , the France , the Spanish , the Greece , the UK , etc..
a common culture, which results in various fields 'noble' ( literature , art , architecture , music ...), or 'popular' ( folklore , food , beliefs and legends , humor ...).

Include some common confusion about the Romanians:

the term does not designate a Moldovan ethnicity but belonging to a territory: that of the old Moldova , including today the Romanian region of Moldova, Republic of Moldova and some neighboring regions of Ukraine. All Moldovans are Romanians (there are Ukrainians, Russians, Jews) even if the law adopted by Sang the Republic of Moldova reserves the name only to Romanian-Moldavian ... while denying them membership in that language.
the name Roma (written with two r in Romania) is the politically correct name of the Gypsies, Sinti, Manush, Yenish, Gypsies, Romanies or Gypsies who initially spoke Romany or "novel," Indo-European language of India North. There are Roma living in Romania (approx. 2.6%).

Ancient History

See Origin of the Romanian people.

The ethnic-Romanian Aromanian formed until the eighth ^century. The Romanians have left traces toponymic both north and south of the Danube. The Thracians of south (between the Danube and the line discovered in the nineteenth ^century by the historian and archaeologist Konstantin Jirecek) have been Romanized from the year 29. Those in the north ( Dacia ) after the conquest was the Roman of 106 AD. This population was later influenced by the Slavs (the Slavonians specifically), but not enough to adopt a language Slavonic as the language.

Jirecek line shows the areas of romanization (north) and Hellenization (south) of the Thracians , ancestors of Aromanian and Romanian.

Vlachs in Europe in 850, according to Anne Le Fur

The first mention of Romanized Thracians is made in 579 by the chroniclers Theophanes and Theophylact Simokatta in the chronicle of a battle against the Avars , the Romanized Thracians part of the Byzantine army. The second reference is written by columnist Kedrenos in 976 when he recounts the assassination of the brother of the Vlachs Tsar Bulgarian Samuel. This is the first mention of the Romanians under the name of Vlachs.

The "Regnum Valachorum" in 1250, according to Anne Le Fur

The term Vlach is clearly and officially used by the Pope Innocent III in 1205 to describe the "Regnum Valachorum" (1186-1261) based on the lower Danube (today Bulgaria, Macedonia and southern Romania) by Dynasty Caloianu Kalojan. It is more this time of Latino communities or "popular fiction" but a genuine medieval kingdom, which the Bulgarians call "Second Bulgarian Empire," but where the population was still much that Latin Slavic, both south north of the Danube.

To distinguish Vlachs south of the Danube , the first Turks call the Romanians north of the Danube "kara-iflak" because among the Turks had the cardinal colors, black ("kara") designating the north. It is also the origin of the current name of the Black Sea. Aromanians were the "AK-iflak", white ("k") referring to the south. Turkish, Mediterranean Ak-Deniz said, the White Sea.

In the Middle Ages the word Vlach (Vlasi) is also used by the Catholic Croats call their neighbors Orthodox. At the time the Greeks used the word "Vlahos" with a pejorative sense and it is not unusual to hear jokes day in Greece where the character of Vlahos plays the rough, the simpleton. However, Greece is also a common surname.

Expansion

Romanians in the Danube-Pontic is 22,230,000, of which 19 million live in Romania , other neighboring countries:

in Ukraine live about 400,000 Romanians (often called Moldovans):
- in Bukovina in the north (Region Cernivcy: 181 800)
- in the region of Odessa (153 000),
- in the Transcarpathian region (Ruthenia) live Maramureens (30 000),
- elsewhere in Ukraine (105 200);
in Vojvodina and Serbia Eastern (180 000, of which only 80 000 of Vojvodina are recognized, those of the eastern Krajina are classified as "Serb-Vlach");
Bulgaria (10 000);
in Hungary (9000);
in Moldova , as the Moldovans (2.6 million).

South of the Danube, Aromanians inhabit the north of Greece , south-east of Albania , south-western Macedonia. Romanians living in northern Bulgaria and the valley of Timok in Serbia are not Aromanians, but as the Romanians from Romania. They are subject to a policy of assimilation in the countries where the political situation is strongly influenced by nationalism (Serbia, Albania, Macedonia). Greece does not publish data (the latest date from 1951 ) and recognizes only one minority, Turkey, the others being considered bilingual Greeks.

Organizations Aromanians estimate their number at about 1 million scattered in the Balkans and the Council of Europe mentioned in 1997 of 500 000 Aromanians.

The emigration of the Romanians was (and is) important, and goes mainly to the following countries:

U.S. 1 million. The communities are located in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, California, Pennsylvania and New York;
Italy : over 1,016,000 (2008);
Israel : 140 000 (1970), besides the Jews counted as Russian or Ukrainian from Bukovina or Bessarabia (as yet);
Canada : 110 000;
Germany : 90 000, excluding members speaking minorities born in Romania (500 000): Saxons and Swabians ;
France : 70 000 (2006).

Remarkably, while most of the exiles Romania draw quickly in their new countries (the rate of change of name demonstrates), part of the Germanophones zurckgekommte in Germany, the Greeks left Greece and Jews have made aliyah to Israel maintain alive the memory of Romanian origins, have restaurants and Romanian newspapers, listen to Romanian music.