Roman Baths
The baths (in Latin the Greek hot) were institutions bathroom 's public Ancient Rome.
Summary |
History of the Baths
The baths were originally a Greek idea, but the Romans were greatly improved. According to archaeological discoveries, the first bath facilities date from 2000 BC. AD, but the practice of bathing is attested in the late fifth century BC. BC in Greece.
The first are private baths, public baths are delayed until the first century BC. Individuals were offering hot and cold baths and sometimes massage. It was not until in 25 BC. AD to reveal the true spa, on the order of Marcus Agrippa Vipsanius , a friend of Emperor Augustus , who was his son. The latter came to be cured by immersion in cold baths recommended by the doctor from Marseilles Antonius Musa. Cold baths were added to the warm and hot rooms, and baths spread throughout the empire Principle of Architectural Baths The basic principle of private baths, which was then adapted to the size required to open to a wide audience, including: The ground was covered with mosaics and heated by a system of floor heating and reservoirs: the hypocaust , powered by a foyer, the praefurnium. Furnace gases are removed through conduits located in the thickness of the walls (tubules) that the heat at the same time. The supply of water was conducted through aqueducts. For urgent needs, you could go to the latrine. The baths often supplemented this equipment with a palestra for exercise and swimming pool (natatio, piscinam). The great baths of the imperial era were large leisure complex, with gardens, theaters, libraries. The baths were not mixed, with very few exceptions. Some facilities were doubled, with a separate section for women. Others practiced alternate schedules for each sex. The morning was more likely for women, while men took advantage of all the afternoon and even evening . After their morning's work, the Romans were common at the spa to relax and followed a "path" of progressive heating and cooling. First, they would deposit their clothes in the locker room ( apodyterium or spoliatorium ), manned by slaves, they were heated by the sport to the gym to sweat (ball games, running, weightlifting), and those who did not like the physical effort went into the tepidarium , warm room, then in a heated room over the laconicum (oven dry) or sudatorium (humid chamber) for sweat . They then went to the hot baths, cleared his skin with a utensil called strigil , sort of curved iron scraper and then penetrated into the oven. The bathroom was clean when finished. In the caldarium , they rested and then went to warm baths, cold baths, and finally they were going to do massage , hair removal or perfume ... Generally, they anointed the body of oil in the destrictarium (the Romans did not use the soap , however, experienced Gauls ). Oils and perfumes were kept in a unctuarium . Libraries, rest room or conversation, gardens, gym and walking places were part of "complex" baths and offered the possibility to extend this moment of pleasant relaxation for body and mind. This is probably where we get the phrase "a healthy mind in a sound body" (in Latin: "mens sana in corpore sano"), this formula in the works of Juvenal. You could also listen to speakers . The North Baths in Nice : the arena and the east wall of frigidarium Frigidarium baths of the villa of Casale, IV Century, Sicily The roof of the Baths of Constantine caldarium in Arles The oldest is regressive: the swimmer returns to the same parts on the outward and return journeys. He was then searched for a way not to go through the same rooms and do that bathers do not intersect, with this circular routes for large baths and semi-circular for smaller buildings. Under Nero's baths are symmetrical with two circular routes that are built and symmetrical . 
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Baths of the Roman world
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