Rainwater
Rainwater is the name we give to rainwater after it hit the ground or built or natural surface may intercept or recover (roof, terrace, tree ..). Characteristics of rainwater Traditional practice, the recovery of rain water has now many applications and innovations proven techniques. 56% of the water we use do not require drinking water quality. The filtered rainwater is sufficient for industrial use (washing of surfaces or vehicles, cooling and stripping), collective (power shower blocks, watering of green areas) or domestic (non-food uses and non-injury). Within the household, the amount of water used for non-food uses and non-physical is as follows: There is a real potential for substitution of potable water by rain water (stored and filtered) for these uses. Following this observation systems, rainwater harvesting have been developed and are tested for thirty years, especially abroad. Storage systems with pressure-filtering and allow to recover up to 70 cubic meters of water per year per family: The use of rainwater inside the home assumed that this storage system-filter is associated with a dual water system inside: one for drinking water, the other for rainwater. To avoid any interconnection between two networks, it is recommended to apply the European standard EN 1717 which provides a general list of sets of existing protection and identifies those that require additional standards work to prevent water pollution in internal networks. Applying this standard to identify the two networks without the risk of transplanting from one network to another. To this, plus other necessary precautions: information at the point of non-potable use, inability to handle a tap technique without specific key. The rainwater also exists a large scale. Industrial applications are numerous: washing of commercial vehicles, production tools, soil, feed WC ... In the case of communities, many uses are possible: washing of roads, retention role in heavy rains and violent storms (in Belgian Flanders, the holding tanks are required in each subdivision). Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption defined in Article 2, the "water intended for human consumption". According to the directive of the water are: a) all water either in state or after treatment, intended for drinking, cooking, food preparation or other domestic purposes, regardless of their origin and whether it provided by a distribution network, from a truck or a tanker, in bottles or containers; b) all water used in the food business for manufacturing, processing, preservation or marketing of products or substances intended for human consumption unless the competent national authorities have established that water quality does may affect the wholesomeness of the final food. But a difficulty was nevertheless emphasized by the French legislature, especially during debates accompanying the draft law on water and aquatic environments examined at the National Assembly in May 2006 . Indeed, the term "domestic" as used in the Directive has been translated differently by different Member States. Consequently, many of them carry a favorable ruling on the use of rainwater for flushing and washing machine, which is not the case in France. In France , the legal regime of stormwater and water source is determined by Articles 640-643 of the French Civil Code. Every owner has the right to use and dispose of storm water falling on his land . It can retrieve, store or even sell it. However, a limit that right: an owner can use and freely dispose of rainwater falling on his land on condition of not causing harm to others and especially the owner located below the ground to which water flows naturally . Rainwater falling on roofs should be directed either to the owner's own ground constructions (receiving rainwater) on the highway . Nevertheless, it is in the power of the mayor to prohibit (or impose conditions) the discharge of stormwater on the highway. This prohibition may be entered in the local plan or in the regulation of sanitation services. The stormwater management and runoff is in principle the general budget of the common taxpayer-funded local (and not budget specific water and sanitation): the law on water and aquatic (LEMA) of 30 December 2006 opened the way for a taxation of impermeable surfaces to cover the cost of studies and works related to stormwater management. The establishment of sewerage of a city must allow proper drainage of stormwater to prevent flooding of urban areas and avoid stagnation of these waters especially in low spots of the city. There are several types of network: The expansion of urban areas by increasing impermeable surfaces, can accentuate the phenomena of floods. In addition, stormwater flowing into these surfaces, are responsible for polluting elements. The Environmental Code (Water Act) therefore subject to authorization or declaration of stormwater discharges. It is therefore necessary, as part of any project, to check if the development requires a prior administrative proceeding. Reference materials can improve the application of these texts, and to inform elected officials and promoters of these procedures. From September 2008, certain conditions for installation, maintenance and monitoring of facilities for recovery and reuse, an Order authorizes: For reasons of hygiene and care, reuse is prohibited in health facilities and institutions, social and medico-social accommodation of the elderly; medical offices, dental offices, laboratories testing Medical Biology and blood establishments, nurseries, kindergartens and elementary schools. Wash clothes in rain water (by hand or machine ) is allowed only on an experimental basis, with appropriate treatment of water, said the Ministry of Health by the director on the market, allowing the department said "seize the French Agency for Food Safety ( AFSSA ) for risk analysis possible "and if any changes to the regulations" based on these findings, "and the installer to also take available to the Department a list of its facilities. The National Union of players recovering rainwater (Snarep) prepared with the AFNOR standard reuse / recovery of rainwater. Another order already allowed a tax credit on the facilities Experiments in favor of recovery for business, are conducted with the help of water agencies that provide some subsidies by region. While in Germany the first grants made in 1986 , it is only 20 years later, in May 2006, a tax incentive has been in France voted unanimously to the National Assembly (and cons Government's view) . The amendment, passed in first reading bill on water and aquatic established a tax credit of 40% (for an expenditure ceiling of 5000 euros) for the installation of recovery systems stormwater. This provision has subsequently been changed by the Senate : The tax credit was reduced to 15% for an average spending limit of 8000 euros. This device has been improved at second reading in the National Assembly and passed unanimously. This amendment has lifted the lending rates to 25% for a maximum of 8000 euros or more depending on family circumstances. This tax credit is now enshrined in Article 89 of Law Law No. 2006-1772 of 30 December 2006 on water and aquatic environments. An initial order was issued May 4, 2007 and specifies how this tax credit. In its background report on the implementation of Law No. 2006-1772 of 30 December 2006 on water and aquatic environments , the National Assembly ruled that the wording of this order was "excessively restrictive with regard to internal uses of rainwater collected, although it is understandable that public health goals must be taken into account in fair measure. " In this same report, the Assembly called for a clarification by writing "two decrees concerning the internal uses and external uses. The final text of application, despite several reminders from parliamentarians, was only published 29 August 2008 or 21 months after the passage of the law. The Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Regions and land use has published a guide to good practices for sustainable management of rainwater. Definitions
The rainwater
Recovery Systems
For household
For use in industrial or collective
The position of the European Union
France
Civil Code
Water Act and Stormwater
Until late August 2008, the legislation (including the decree 2001-1220 of 20 December 2001 on water intended for human consumption excluding natural mineral waters transposing Directive 98/83/EEC) does not clearly encouraged rusage collection and rainwater. It was "not clear whether the use of water has not been a treatment similar to water distributed by the utility supply is allowed or not for domestic purposes building " . The Higher Council of Public Health of France (CSHPF) had issued a notice of the double networks (rain / water) and the risks of "transplanting" of drinking water system by persons not aware of the existence a storm drainage system. The use of rain water (inside the house) for toilets or washing clothes was thus prohibited from France (departmental health regulations ..). But DDASS (Departmental Directorate of Health and Social Work), according to the department, were granting exemptions for the installation of some recovery systems. Aid to recover rainwater
Quebec
Bibliography
Notes
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