In French grammar , the pronoun is a word-tool variable whose role is any element, linguistic or not. The pronoun is therefore primarily a representative.

• Etymologically, pronoun means to put the name (the prefix pro-a sense of the place).

• Moreover, the pronoun can sometimes be the nucleus of a phrase (called pronominal phrase ):

We saw something really interesting.

The pronominal phrase "something really interesting" a nucleus for the indefinite pronoun 'something'.

• Some pronouns have correspondents in the category of determinants. The difference between a pronoun and the corresponding factor is that the determinant is always followed by the name nucleus with which it forms a phrase , while the pronoun is used alone, replacing both the driver and the name:

The holidays are over. I wish I could repeat them.

The phrase "The Holiday", consisting of a kernel name ("Holiday") updated by a determiner (the definite article "the") is the antecedent of the pronoun "them".

• If the element is represented by linguistic or sentential (a name or word whatsoever, a phrase , a proposal , a sentence ...), the pronoun is a representative text. If instead the element is replaced extralinguistic nature of the pronoun is a representative benchmark.

Pronoun representing textual

When the pronoun is a representative text, it is put in place a term found in the text, or is stated, before the pronoun (function of anaphora ), more rarely, after (according to cataphora ). The anaphora and cataphora are endophores (Greek Endon, "inside" here within the sentence).

• The personal pronouns of the third person are often representatives of records.

• The representative of anaphora is usually called history , while the cataphora is usually called so :

Paul rang the bell. He brought me flowers. They were very beautiful.

The personal pronoun "He" (anaphora) has the history the name "Paul", the personal pronoun "they" (anaphora) is the antecedent phrase "flower".

They were beautiful, the flowers that you offered.

The personal pronoun "They" (cataphora) is therefore the phrase "the flowers that you offered."

• Whether it is an antecedent or a result, the principal may be: a name (this is the most frequent case, corresponding to the etymology of the word pronoun), another pronoun, an adjective , a verb or a sentence :

His wife was very ill, no one has ever ignored.

The pronoun "it" is antecedent to the proposition "That his wife was very ill."

Pronoun representing repository

• When the pronoun is a representative benchmark, it means, either a segment of text, but a not yet identified by name , and yet capable of being, in other words, a referent. Basically, the role of the pronoun reference is to the equivalent of the referent of a name (which is why some grammarians speak of nominal for this type of agent).

• The personal pronouns ^of the 1st ^and 2nd persons (the famous clutches of the situation of utterance ) are necessarily the repositories:

I'm talking to you. Nothing "you", the recipient , etc..

Kinetics of the pronoun

Kinetics of negative pronouns animated

The kinetic guillaumien here described by Olivier Soutet .

Kinetics of negative pronouns inanimate

Other kinetic

Function of the pronoun

That represented either linguistic or extralinguistic, in other words, whether antecedent or referent Therefore, this element is virtually a name value, so the pronoun who is (or nominalized), will necessarily inherit all the usual functions of this category.

• But if the pronoun functions are the same as the name, his job and his syntax , however, do not obey the same rules.

Different classes of pronouns

We can distinguish nine sub-categories of pronouns.

• Numeral pronoun
• Quantitative pronoun
• Personal pronoun
• Impersonal pronoun
• Possessive pronoun
• Demonstrative pronoun
• Indefinite pronoun
• Relative pronoun
• Interrogative pronoun

The interrogative pronoun is a variety of interrogative tool. This is mainly pronouns "which" (flexion and its "what, what, what)," which "(and its inflections" which, whom, which ... ")," who, what, what "and" where ":

What is this flower? Of all these flowers, which do you prefer? Where are the flowers?

• It will be noted that there is no pronoun exclamatory or pronoun numeral. However, in some jobs, the numeral - cardinal or ordinal - can have value numeral pronoun, but its shape remains with the numeral:

I bought some apples. I have eaten both were excellent.

We can consider that the cardinal numeral "two" here has the numeral value of a pronoun, anaphoric representative of the name "apple".

There were four trees. I was under the second.

Similarly, the adjective ordinal "second" here has the value of a pronoun, numeral, representing anaphoric name "tree".

On the border between pronoun and adverb

In French, some words are sometimes defined as adverbial pronouns. This is the case of y and former adverbs of place (respectively derived from the Latin and They have evolved into synthetic forms, conflating a preposition (at, in, on / off) and add the form of the pronoun of ^the 3rd person.

• Ex: But Geneval, which has few resources, is not on the path of vagrants. We don 't see much there. (at y = Geneval in = vagrants; in this sentence, the subject is also the indefinite pronoun it).

Other (adverbs of quantity) can be used as adverbs value indefinite pronoun :

• Ex: He said: "This painting is worth so much" (= as a sum of money).
• Ex: He gave a lot (many can return to time, money, labor, information, etc.).

Related articles

• Anaphora and cataphora
• Completion
• Determinant
• Shifter
• Enunciation
• List of terms used in linguistics
• Name
• Syntax
• Donkey pronoun

References

• Portal Language

Leave a Reply

Frequently Asked Questions