Pre Lachaise
48 51'43 "N 2 23'39" E / 48.86194, 2.39417
| Pre Lachaise | ||
 | ||
| Country |  France | |
| Region | Ile-de-France | |
| City | Paris | |
| Religion (s) | Catholic , Protestant , Jewish , Muslim ` | |
| Area | 43.93 hectares | |
| Contact | 48 51 '43 "North 2 23 '39 "East / 48.861944, 2.394167 | |
| Personalities buried | ||
|---|---|---|
| Molire , Balzac , Jim Morrison , La Fontaine , Simone Signoret , Allan Kardec , Yves Montand , Henri Salvador , Pierre Desproges , Edith Piaf , Colette , Oscar Wilde | ||
The cemetery of Pere-Lachaise is the largest cemetery in Paris intramural and one of the most famous in the world. Located in the 20th arrondissement of the city , many famous people are buried.
This cemetery is the subject of a classification as historical monuments since June 24, 1993 History One of the seven hills of Paris, called Champ l'vque because it belonged to the Middle Ages to the bishop of Paris , took the twelfth century the name of Mont-aux-Vignes , for crops that can be then realized. In 1430 , a wealthy merchant named Regnault de Wandonne bought the estate in order to build a stately house: a folly. This is the origin of the name of the current rue Folie-Regnault in the 11th arrondissement. Two centuries later the Jesuits acquired the land into a place of rest and convalescence. Welcome home a few hours the young King Louis XIV came to attend on these heights the fighting during the Fronde. This event will give the place the name of Mont-Louis. But the most famous occupant was Franois d'Aix de la Chaise ( 1624 - 1709 ), "said Pere La Chaise, confessor of the King of France Louis XIV , who exercised a moderating influence on him in the fight against Jansenism. There remain at 1675 until his death in 1709. The Count de La Chaise, the Jesuit brother, gave many parties on the field, which contributed to its expansion and beautification. But in 1762 , the Society of Jesus was forced to cede the field because of a debt of Jacy's father. Over the years the gardens were abandoned and the owners succeeded, returning on 9 Ventse year XI at prefect of the Seine , Nicolas Frochot , against the sum of 180,000 francs. With the closing on 1 December 1780 the cemetery of the Innocents in Late application of the law in 1765 banning cemeteries in the city, Paris was running out of burial grounds. Napoleon Bonaparte , then Consul , decreed that "every citizen has the right to be buried whatever race or religion, "setting the case of unbelievers , the excommunicated , comedians and the poor. In the early nineteenth century were thus created several new cemeteries outside the limits of the capital: the cemetery of Montmartre to the north, the Eastern cemetery, the cemetery of Montparnasse in the south and west of the city, Passy cemetery. The Prefect of Paris decreed the transformation of 17 hectares of Mont-Louis in the Eastern cemetery. The design of the cemetery was entrusted to the architect Neo-classic Alexandre Theodore Brongniart in 1803. As Inspector General in Chief of the Second Section of the Public Works Department of the Seine and the City of Paris , Brongniart will draw the main form for the first time, a vast English garden , walks rugged, equipped with trees and plants to various species and lined with tombs carved. It will screen monuments which eventually none will be made, except for the burial of the family Greffuhle, the neo-Gothic clean. On 21 May 1804 (1Prairial An XII ), the cemetery was officially opened by the first burial, that of a little girl of five years, Adelaide Paillard de Villeneuve, daughter of a door-bell of the Faubourg St. Antoine. It was originally intended to Parisians of one of the four districts of the right bank (the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th at the time) in a common grave or perpetual grant. But the cemetery was not for the Parisians, who were reluctant to be buried on the heights, more out of Paris, and in a poor neighborhood known and popular. In 1804, Pere Lachaise had only 13 graves. The following year, there were only 44, then 49 in 1806, 62 in 1807 and 833 in 1812. In 1817 to rebuild the image of the Paris city cemetery holds the remains of the transfer of Heloise and Abelard , and of Molire and La Fontaine. It was enough: in 1830, deducting 33 000 graves. Pere Lachaise knew at that time enlarged five times: in 1824, 1829, 1832, 1842 and 1850. These allowed him to rise from 17 acres 58 acres (175,800 m 2) 93 acres to 43 acres (439,300 m 2) for 70,000 graves, 5,300 trees, a hundred cats, a bird aviary and two million visits. Some famous sculptors and architects will make this place a museum since the nineteenth century : among them, Guimard , Garnier , Visconti , Paillard or Barris. The chapel and the main portal of the time ( Boulevard de Menilmontant ) were designed by the neoclassical architect tienne-Hippolyte Godde in 1823 and 1825. David d'Angers created most of the monuments of the "Neighborhood of the Marshals of the Empire." During the Paris Commune in May 1871 , Pere Lachaise was the scene of a civil war, because of its strategic location on the hill. The Federated set up their artillery in the heart of the cemetery, but were quickly surrounded by the Versailles of Thiers on one side and Germans on the other. The 147 survivors were shot on 28 May 1871 before the wall then took the name of Federated wall , south of the cemetery. Only at the end of the century in 1894 , that work started on the columbarium and crematorium , designed in 1886 by Jean Camille Formig style neo-Byzantine. The assembly was not completed until 1908 . In 1895 the War Memorial of Albert Bartholomew purchased by the City of Paris at Le Petit Champ de Mars in 1895 is set in Pere Lachaise Cemetery. Besides the graves, the cemetery contains a monument to a person or group of persons: Because of the many personalities buried there and the symbolic place, the cemetery of Pere-Lachaise was and still is the place for demonstrations and celebrations, concerning in particular the Paris Commune. These commemorations are mostly from the left Socialists and Communists and Freemasons of the Grand Orient of France . After the Second World War , it adds the commemorations of the victims of Nazism , the war memorials to concentration camps and extermination in the vicinity of the wall of Federated. The cemetery is visited (many guides organize conferences on the ground), and an extensive bibliography is devoted. One can cite as reasons: Many tombs have their followers, who service them. 
Famous people buried
Celebrities incinerated
Monuments
Events
Interest Pre-Lachaise
The cemetery in the culture
In film
In literature
References
Bibliography
Internal Links
See also
External Links
This site is served by metro Pre Lachaise and Gambetta.
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