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Portico Architecture

A portico (the Italian is a gallery covered with vaults or ceilings are supported by columns , the pillars or arches supported by two rows of columns, or a wall and a row of columns.

In a broad sense, it is a porch , that is to say a construction project before the facade of a building affording access with a colonnade. It is in ancient Greece there appeared this type of construction that influenced Western culture and other cultures. Palladio gave the taste of the gates to the Renaissance.

Different styles of frames

According to the vocabulary of ancient Greece, a distinction based on the number of columns following genres:

North and west facade of the Temple of Portunus , tetrastyle

View of the Maison Carree in Nimes , an example of a Roman temple hexastyle

West facade of the Parthenon , the temple example octostyle

Portico tetrastyle : the portico has four columns. It was used by the Greeks and Etruscans for small public buildings or temples amphiprostyles as Temple of Athena Nike.

The Romans then favored this kind of portal to their sanctuaries type pseudopriptral , columns side being recessed into the wall, like the Temple of Portunus. They also used it to their temples prostylos large buildings like the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine. Outside Rome , this style spread in the provinces, and the temple of the capitol of Volubilis.

Portico hexastyle : the portico has six columns. It was the common style of the Doric Greeks between 600 and 550 BC. BC, until the age of Pericles (450-430 BC. JC).
- Hexastyle Greek
  - Among the most famous examples of hexastyle Greek temples are commonly distinguished from Paestum , as the temple of Hera (550 BC. JC), the Temple of Apollo (450 BC. JC), the first temple of Athena type basilica , and the second temple of Hera (460-450 BC. JC).
  - Temple of Athena Aphaia (the nvisible) to Aegina (495 BC. JC)
  - E Temple of Hera in Selinunte (465-450)
  - Temple of Zeus at Olympia
  - Temple of Concord at Agrigento (430 BC. JC). Well preserved, one can still admire its peristyle and entablature
  - Temple of Segesta (430 BC. JC)
  - Hephaisteion of Athens , Doric temple peripteral (449-444) under the Acropolis
  - Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion (449 BC. JC)
  - The hexastyle was also used in the Ionic order as for the prostyle porch of the temple of Athena of the Erechtheion in Athens.
- Hexastyle Roman Etruscans adopted the Greek colonization with hexastyle south of the peninsula, then the Romans. Their temples and pseudopriptres amphiprostyles decorated so high columns on podiums useful to pump their public ceremonies. The Maison Carree in Nimes is the best preserved example.
Portico octostyle : the portico has eight columns. This type is much rarer than in the hexastyle guns of Greek architecture , but its most famous example, the Parthenon in Athens (450-430) is famous worldwide. The Pantheon in Rome (125 AD.) was built according to his model. The Temple of Augustus , now destroyed, was octostyle, from coins to represent it. The Madeleine church in Paris is a modern example.
Portico dcastyle : This portal has ten columns, as in the Temple of Apollo Didyma to Miletus , and now the University College London.

Modern design

According to the statement of the conceptual structure is a covered public space, an additional public open space, leaning against a wall and does not lead to any house in town ^Construction

In structure building, a porch is an element of structural work carrying wood or concrete or metal made of two poles and a beam or two stems face-to-face if there is a hinge in the middle of the horizontal part may contain a low slope and two slopes. The vertical elements are connected between their base in the foot by stringers for stiffness in plan. The hinge in part involves a horizontal recess at the foot of the posts.