Pop Art
Pop art is an artistic movement that originated in Britain in the mid-1950s under the leadership of Richard Hamilton and Eduardo Paolozzi.
A little later, in the early 1960s, it was the turn of American pop art to emerge. With Andy Warhol , Roy Lichtenstein , Robert Rauschenberg or Jasper Johns , it is especially the American branch that will popularize this art movement has come of age, by questioning the mass consumption aggressively. This is mainly to present art as a simple product to use: ephemeral, disposable, cheap ...
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Definition
The term "pop art" (short for "popular art" in English, or "folk art" in French), led by John McHale Worldwide The Independent Group met at the Institute of Contemporary Arts since 1952. This group brings together leading figures in the development of Pop art, including Richard Hamilton and Eduardo Paolozzi. From 1947 , Paolozzi creates collages using images of American magazines, but he later said it was more influenced by the movement surreal by popular culture. Hamilton began to study the work of Marcel Duchamp and developed a series of projects combining art and advertising. The conference Reyner Banham in the Independent Group laid the foundations of pop art to include objects of daily life in the United States and popular magazines. Alloway spoke of his theory on a continuum between "high art" recognized by cultural institutions and the traditional "low art" of pop art. In 1956 , members of the Independent Group participated in the exhibition This is Tomorrow at the Whitechapel Gallery which Hamilton created the collage Just What Is It That Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?. His work is seen as the manifesto of pop art in Britain. After This Is Tomorrow, Hamilton continued to develop the characteristics of pop art paintings and collages by exposing subjects to have American cars, consumer goods and pin-ups as part of an anthropological study that introduced the fetishism that become a major element of pop art. Hamilton became a lecturer of the Royal College of Art where he met David Hockney and other young artists who developed the pop art in Britain. In 1961 , Hockney, with Peter Blake and RB Kitaj announced a joint exhibition in the arrival of British Pop Art. In Spain, pop art is associated with the great "new figurative." Eduardo Arroyo could be admitted as a pop artist by his concern for the environment and its ability to transcribe "the possibility interconceptuelle the absolute notion of life daily. Arroyo will close the current French Nouvelle figuration. In France the Pop Art movement was much more politicized, the New Realists with Arman, Francois Dufrene, Raymond Hains, Yves Klein, Jean Tinguely and Jacques Villegl Gerard Deschamps. New realism runs counter to the movement of narrative figuration with Jacques Monory Bernard Rancillac, Erro, Valerio Adami, Peter Klasen , Vladimir Velickovic, Herve Telemaque, Eduardo Arroyo, Alain Jacquet, Gerard Fromanger. Developed at the same time in France and who also reports to the American Pop Art. Figuration narrative was more concerned with writing a "history of everyday life, sometimes with a political commitment. It is also close to the Pop Art artists since the component inspired many of advertising images are multiplying at the time of the beginning of the consumer society in France. In recent years emerging in France New Pop Art might be described as more "Latin" with French artists, Spanish and Latin American. The new pop art is more an aesthetic and positive relationship with artists like Dominique Mulhem Juan Barletta, Jean-Claude Cuenca, Aurlie Lafond, Max Wiedemann, Bettie Nin, Olivier Lile, Boudro. In Japan, pop art is identifiable by the regular subjects and styles. Many artists were inspired by Japanese manga and sometimes Ukiyo-e , or traditional art. The Japanese pop artist is currently recognized as Takashi Murakami, the artist group Kaikai Kiki , renowned for their massive production, the Superflat , a surrealist style, post-modern movement whose inspiration comes mainly from manga and culture Urban Japanese. This is mostly aimed at youth and has a great cultural impact. Several artists like Yoshitomo Nara , are famous for their graffiti , others, such as Takashi Murakami is known for their plastic figurines. Many pop artists in Japan use surreal or obscene images or even shocking in their works. These elements attract teenagers and adults (although supposed to be morally offensive, or provoking, this is not considered offensive in Japan.) A common metaphor used in Japanese pop art is the innocence and vulnerability of children and youth. Artists like Aya Takano and Yoshitomo Nara use children as subjects in almost all their works. While Yoshitomo Nara creates scenes of anger or rebellion through children, Aya Takano communicates the innocence of children by portraying nude girls. In Great Britain
In Spain
In France
In Japan
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