The perfective aspect ^{Schematic traditional aspects of these}

You can find this pattern in many modern grammars .

is the terminus a quo for trial, and the terminus ad quem of that trial.

Any trial can be represented as: ----------

Perfective in a trial, the trial ---------- is realized when is reached.

In a trial imperfective, on the contrary, the trial ---------- is performed as soon as is reached (once the action has begun).

Effect of context on semantic aspects

The aspectual opposition perfective / imperfective opposition is semantic in French. It is not based in fact on the meaning of the verb and has no connection with the combination or any systematic affixation (as is the case in Slavic languages) in French, a verb is perfective perfective regardless is the time at which it is conjugated.

In contrast, the syntactic construction tense or context, insofar as they alter the meaning of the verb, modify its appearance. Thus it is clear that die and die of envy, even if it is the same verb, do not have the same meaning and, in this case, dying is perfective, but craving is imperfective. It is said that in craving, the verb to die is Perfect Imperfection.

In some cases, perfectivation (or imperfectivation) may be based on a contextual difference, insofar as this difference changes the contextual meaning of the verb. For example, the child falls, the verb has perfective aspect, while the rain falls, it has an imperfective aspect . These changes are very numerous.

The aspect perfective / imperfective in Slavic languages

In Slavic languages, the aspectual opposition is very important but it is a grammatical opposition and not semantics.

Polish and Russian, for example, a perfective verb has no present, in contrast, the future of a verb imperfective passes through a compound time (old periphrasis be built on the auxiliary).

Distribution in Russian aspectual			Distribution in Polish aspectual
Imperfective	Perfective	Mode or Time	Imperfective	Perfective
do	do	infinitive	aerobics do	z aerobics do
I was	I made	past	robiem I was	z robiem I made
I	-	This	robie I	-
I will	I will	future	bede Robic, comics Robilant I will	zrobi I will

Distribution of drawers verbal aspectual verb eat in Serbian:
Imperfective	Perfective	Time
Sat jeo ja	Ja Sat pojeo	past
Sat bio ja jeo	Sat ja bio pojeo	Pluperfect
Ja Cu Majesty	Ja Cu pojesti	future

The terms perfective and imperfective may have different meanings. The traditional meaning was this: the perfective is the action in its entirety, as a point, without any future; the imperfective watch in the making, and the time line ( Saussure , Ling. gen., 1916, p. 162). These two definitions correspond to those of today's overall appearance (or non-intersecting) and appearance secant , but confusion can still exist.

Moreover, to speak Slavic perfektum often employed the term perfective. This aspect is so important that in Slavic can speak French without even knowing aspects of French, translating logical perfektum by perfective (false friend). But the notion of perfektum in Slavic covers two notions in French, on the one hand the completed (which is a grammatical aspect ) and secondly the perfective (which in French is a semantic aspect , which is not quite perfektum in Slavic). Number of works in French also still give the word as a synonym perfective done by (two different concepts in French). Finally the English terms perfect tense perfective tense and are also false friends.

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Notes