Ou
Summary |
Definition
A verb is a pronominal verb is always combined with a pronoun (except in the imperative ) which has a meaning reflected or reciprocal.
- I look in the mirror
- It comb
- We talk to pass the time
False reflexive verbs and reflexive verbs subjective
False reflexive verbs
Called false ou a verb preceded by a pronoun , but without a sense reflected or reciprocal. That is to say, the pronoun and the subject does not express the same identity. In this case the pronoun is an independent part of the verb and is normally a substitute.
- You watch (TV)
- I love you (you)
The subjective reflexive verbs
Ou called when the subjective pronoun has no specific grammatical function.
These are verbs that had meaning or reciprocal reflected in Old French. Today, these verbs have no meaning, but they still retain the pronoun. It is for this reason that we must go back to the ancient language and the etymology for analyzing this type of ou.
- She leaves behind her while leaving
Classification of reflexive verbs
Ranking morphological reflexive verbs
Verbs essentially pronominal
Essentially reflexive verbs are verbs that work only in reflexive form:
- He committed suicide and
Also found in this category reflexive verbs which exist in the non-pronominal form but with a meaning different.
- Notice ("realize") / ("show")
Reflexive verbs occasionally
Occasionally reflexive verbs are verbs transitive normally employed in a non-pronominal construction but they can also be employed in the reflexive form.
- I watch television I watch (not pronominal verb)
- I look in the mirror (ou)
Rank net of reflexive verbs
Situation 2: We (you and me) thought alone. The subject and pronoun do not express parts of the same identity. The verb is pronominal
The reflective reflexive verbs
We are talking about when the reflexive be designated by the subject performs an action on itself.
- He carefully washed
- She bought a telescope
Usually the pronoun preceding the verb is the same person as the subject.
- I rise
- They look in the mirror
But the reflexive pronoun can be different number or person as the subject if it means the same identity (or if the subject is a part of the identity expressed by the reflexive pronoun ).
- I thought we were alone. (I was a part of us)
Observe that the same word can designate the same identity as the subject or a different identity depending on context.
- We thought alone. (It can be a part of us or not)
The reciprocal reflexive verbs
Reciprocal verbs express an action that a subject plural or collective exercises not on himself, but each on each of the other things expressed by the subject.
- The two men fought to death for the honor
- We talk to pass the time
The passive reflexive verbs
The passive reflexive verbs are used when the subject is inanimate. In such constructions, the subject undergoes the action without the complete itself. Typically the agent is not indicated.
- Smaller apartments are selling better than large
- This wine is drinking very cool
- Everything is forgotten in time
Construction of reflexive verbs
The infinitive of a verb pronoun is always preceded by the reflexive pronoun se (s '): fold, wash' s call ...
For a verb in the simple form, we use the reflexive pronouns or
- I get up The pronominal verb and negation
When ou is conjugated to the simple form, we put marks negation before and after the reflexive pronoun verb.
- I get up before ten o'clock in the morning I do not get up before ten o'clock in the morning
- They wake up early They do not wake up early
When ou is conjugated to the compound shape, we put marks negation reflexive pronoun before and after the auxiliary verb.
- I woke up I did not wake up.
- He rushed It was not sent
In the imperative, the reflexive pronoun is placed before the verb and put the marks negation pronoun before and after the verb.
- hide yourself do not hide
- Come here t does not approach
The ou and querying
In an interrogative sentence , the reflexive pronoun before the verb is always used and the usual forms of construction of the query : inversion, the term does and intonation.
- He combs his hair comb Getting there?
- He combs his hair Is what he combs his hair?
- He He combs his hair comb?
If one uses the inversion in the interrogation and verb is in a compound tense, the subject is placed after the auxiliary verb :
- Did he combed?
The verb pronominal interrogation in negative
To the negation of a sentence interrogative is placed marks negation reflexive pronoun before and after the verb.
- He does not comb?
- Is not never combs his hair?
If one uses the inversion for the construction of the interrogation , we must place marks negation before and after the reflexive pronoun subject.
- Comb does he not?
- Gets up he never before ten o'clock in the morning?
If the verb is in a compound tense, placing the first mark of negation before the reflexive pronoun and the second mark between the auxiliary verb and verb.
- Does he never combed?
If one uses the inversion to construct the query , the second mark negation is placed after the subject:
- Only have we never met?
- Did they ever meet?
Functions of the reflexive pronoun
The reflexive pronouns can act as:
- Direct object ( COD ): (Peter looks at himself)
- Indirect object ( IOC ): (she talks to herself)
Agreement with the past participle
There is no clear rule on when to make the agreement with the past participle. Typically, it is the agreement when there is a direct object before the verb. The difficulty lies in whether the reflexive pronoun has the function of the direct object or not.
- It s is e lev /
- The parrot s' gosill /
- The letters they have sent ed
If the direct object is placed after the verb or if there is no direct object , it is not the agreement.
- He bought a telescope /
- He bought a car e /
- They are talking e
For more depth on the agreement of past participle , you can read the proper use of grammar in paragraphs 952 and 953.
Bibliography
- Claire Chuilon, Grammar practice: The A to Z French, Hatier, Paris, 1986 ( ISBN 978-2-278-03243-3 )
- Monique Callamand, Grammar of French living, Larousse, Paris, 1989 ( ISBN 2-19-039307-3 )
- Grevisse Maurice and Andr Goose, Good use, DeBoeck Duculot, Paris, 1993 ( ISBN 978-2-8011-1404-9 )
- Suzanne G Chartrand, Denis Aubin, and Claude Simard Raymon Blain, Grammar teaching of French today, Graficor, Quebec, 1999 ( ISBN 2-89242-560-3 )
- Sylvie Poisson-Quinton, Reine Mimran and Michele Maho-The Codiac Grammar explained in French, CLE International, Tours, 2004 ( ISBN 978-2-09-033703-7 )
- Y. Delatour, D. Jennepin, M. Leon-Dufour and B. Teyssier, New grammar of French: French civilization courses at the Sorbonne, Hachette, Paris, 2004 ( ISBN 2-01-155271-0 )
Online sources
- Synapse Development . Accessed February 17, 2010
- SOS Grammar . Accessed February 18, 2010
- Easy French
- Conjugation
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