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Orkhon Alphabet

Orkhon alphabet Kktrk
Features
Example of writing (Turk)
Type	Alphabet
Language (s)	Old Turkish
History
Time	VIII ^century - XIII ^century
System (s) parent (s)	Protosinatique Phoenician Aramaic Syriac Sogdian (disputed) Orkhon alphabet Kktrk
System (s) derivative (s)	Hungarian Runes , Alphabet of Yenisei
Encoding
Unicode	U +10 C00 to U +10 C4F
ISO 15924	`Orkh`

The alphabet of the Orkhon River is the oldest known writing used to record the Turkish. It was developed by Kktrks (a Turkish group who founded the first Asian high empire to bear the name "Turk" in the mid- ^sixth century ). The earliest traces of this alphabet are the inscriptions of the Orkhon valley of the Orkhon River in Mongolia.

The alphabet of the Orkhon River is also called kktrk, named after the first Turkish group known to have used. In addition, letters which it is composed are, because of their resemblance to the Scandinavian runes, sometimes called runes Orkhon runes or Turkish. The Orkhon alphabet has 38 letters. Only 4 symbols are used to note 9 vowels , while 34 are symbols in note 21 consonants. This inequality is not unrelated to the vowel harmony in Turkish.

The alphabet of the Orkhon may have evolved from a non-cursive alphabet Sogdian. He knows a few variants such as the alphabet of the Yenisei , called runes Siberian and Hungarian runes.

The language is written with the alphabet of the Orkhon River is the old Turk. This language belongs to the eastern branch of the Turkish language and is not the direct ancestor of the Turkish of Turkey that belongs to the southern branch of the Turkish language.

Corpus

Registration Corpus consists of two buildings that were erected in the Orkhon Valley between 732 and 735 in honor of the two Kokturk Kul Tigin Prince and his brother Bilge Kagan Emperor, as well as inscriptions on slabs scattered in the wider area.

Orkhon monuments are the oldest known examples of Turkish literature, they are inscribed on obelisks and have been dated to 720 (of the obelisk on Tonyukuk) to 732 (of that on Kltigin), and to 735 (of that on hold Kagan (as Turkish Khan Scholar)). They are carved in a script used also for inscriptions found in Mongolia, Siberia and Xinjiang, and called by Thomsen "Turkish runes." They relate in epic language the legendary origins of the Turks, the golden age of their history, their subjugation by the Chinese, and their liberation by Bilge. The brilliant style, writings suggests considerable earlier development of the Turkish language.

Character

Old-Turkic Alphabet (Classic age)
Using			Transliteration and transcription
vowels			A		/ A /, / e /
			I		/ /, / i /, / d /
			O		/ O /, / /
			U		/ U /, / y /, / w /
consonant	Harmonized	with: () - back, () - front vowels	B	/ B /	B	/ B /
			D	/ D /	D	/ D /
			G	/ /	G	/ /
			L	/ S /	L	/ S /
			N	/ N /	N	/ N /
			R	/ R /	R	/ R /
			S	/ S /	S	/ S /
			T	/ T /	T	/ T /
			Y	/ J /	Y	/ J /
		only () - Q only (square) - K	Q	/ Q /	K	/ K /
		WITH ALL vowels	-CH		/ T /
			-M		/ M /
			-P		/ P /
			SH		/ /
			-Z		/ Z /
			-NG		/ /
	clusters	+ Vowel	ICH CHI, CH		/ It /, / ti /, / t /
			IQ, QI, Q		/ q /, / q /, / q /
			OQ, UQ, QO, QU, Q	/ Oq /, / uq /, / Qo /, / qu /, / q /	OK, UK, Ko, Ku, K	/ Ok /, / yk /, / Ko /, / ky /, / k /
		+ Consonant	-NCH		/ Nt /
			-NY		/ /
			-LT		/ Lt /, / ld /
			-NT		/ S /, / nd /
divide word-symbol			none
(-) - Word endings only