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Nineteenth Century

Millennium:

First Millennium Second Millennium Third Millennium
Centuries:
XVIII century XIX century twentieth century

The nineteenth century, the common era , began on 1 January 1801 and ends on 31 December 1900.

Summary

/ / Calendar

List of decades and years of the nineteenth century

Decades:

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840
1850 1860 1870 1880 1890

Years:

1801 1802 1803 1804 1805
1806 1807 1808 1809 1810

1811 1812 1813 1814 1815
1816 1817 1818 1819 1820

1821 1822 1823 1824 1825
1826 1827 1828 1829 1830

1831 1832 1833 1834 1835
1836 1837 1838 1839 1840

1841 1842 1843 1844 1845
1846 1847 1848 1849 1850

1851 1852 1853 1854 1855
1856 1857 1858 1859 1860

1861 1862 1863 1864 1865
1866 1867 1868 1869 1870

1871 1872 1873 1874 1875
1876 1877 1878 1879 1880

1881 1882 1883 1884 1885
1886 1887 1888 1889 1890

1891 1892 1893 1894 1895
1896 1897 1898 1899 1900

See also: List of centuries , Roman numerals

Events

For Europe , historians usually start the nineteenth century in 1815 (end of the Empire and Napoleonic Congress of Vienna ) and are completed in 1914 (beginning of the First World War ).

The World in 1898 : the colonial empires.

Three major trends have marked this century:

This century has seen a population explosion, we talk about demographic revolution.

Europe

Arguably the nineteenth century is the century of Europe.

After the French Revolution (1792-1799) and the wars of the Napoleonic era (1799-1815), Europe went through many other wars who designed the new geopolitical map. Among the most important phenomena of this century include:

It is also for Europe, the century of the second industrial revolution that will overthrow the European landscape and bring enormous wealth, but also break the old social structures.

Finally, for Europe is the century where his intellectual elites will transform it into a huge cauldron in which all ideas will bubble and all the arts. Its scholars, artists, intellectuals, will focus technological research, scientific research, artistic research, research ideas, to a level never before achieved.

Africa

King Shaka of the empire Zulu
Sketch by James King, 1824

For Africa, the nineteenth century was the century of colonial European bid and end the old geopolitical structures. Europe will radically change the continent.

See Africa in the nineteenth century.

Asia

As for Africa , the nineteenth century is the century of European colonization, but with the difference that the old geopolitical structures are in most cases resist and survive. European colonizers will generally prefer to keep them and try, while controlling, to make allies.

Latin America

With the weakening and the withdrawal of Spain and Portugal to the European stage as a major nations, the tri-centenary links they had with their American colonies, also break one after the other, and many new countries will emerge on the international scene throughout the nineteenth century.

Mexico

North America

Jean-Jacques Dessalines , first ruler of Haiti after independence

Despite laborious construction, and from 13 small states of the East Coast, United States will gradually appear on the international stage. The nineteenth century American will be marked by:

  • The acquisition of vast territories of Louisiana , sold by France (one quarter of current American territory).
  • The Civil War and its hundreds of thousands of deaths.
  • The wars of conquest of Indian lands in northern Mexico and Rio Grande.
  • The accommodation of a very large population of immigrants from all over Europe and even Asia, ready to engage with all its dynamism and all its capabilities in this new country where everything seems possible.
  • The growth of a large population of slaves from Africa: the continuation of the Black slave trade , despite its official abolition in 1807.
  • The discovery on U.S. soil immense mineral resources (the gold rush ), natural and agricultural, and their operations.

The United States will approach the twentieth century completely transfigured, compared to what they were in 1800. They are certainly not yet, by far the most powerful country, but this one has the potential to develop the highest.

In addition, Haiti became independent in 1804.

Oceania

Signature of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840

Significant Figures

Politicians

Writers

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Architects

Painters

See also:

Sculptors

Musicians

See also:

Scientists

Humanitarian

Explorers , journalist

Economist

Philosophers

Show: Philosophers of the nineteenth century

Doctors, psychologists

Religious

Art and culture

Literature

Architecture

Music

Painting

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Show:

Physics

Technologies (non-news)

The applications of electricity is translated by many technical developments:

Also:

Technologies for the dissemination of information

See: Telecommunications in the nineteenth century

Transportation

  • The first airplanes or planes (terminology to be discussed)
    • Clement Ader , a pioneer of aviation , realized 3 devices: the Aeolus (the plane), the Zephyr (Airplane II) and Aquilon (Avion III) between 1890 and 1897.
    • Its first flight on 50 meters to 20 cm soil took place October 9 1890 in the castle park Gretz-Armainvilliers east of Paris , in charge of Aeolus.

Biology

Exploration

Economy and Society

Spirituality and religion

Notes


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