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Modern Art

Luncheon on the Grass by Pablo Picasso
Moulin Rouge: Two women waltzing by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , 1892
Campbell's Soup, synthetic polymer paint on thirty-two canvas Each canvas measuring 50.8 x 40.6 cm, by Andy Warhol , Museum of Modern Art , New York, 1962

It is generally considered that the period of art history that is designated under the name of Modern Art ).

The advent of photography has influenced many artists of the nineteenth century and the twentieth century , from Degas to Picasso , Matisse , Mir , and many others who will become the leading figures of modern art. As a result, the artists of modern art is expressed through a variety of mediums: drawing, painting and sculpture, primarily, but also photography, film, ceramics, architecture, decorative arts or performing arts. Thus, Picasso was interested in everything relating to visual arts Dal film made with Luis Buuel transposed into sculptures and some of his pictorial themes, Le Corbusier was also a painter; Brassai photographed, but also drew, and so on.

Summary

The concept of "modern art"

The concept of "modern art" is defined by both the style and choice of subjects. It features its own art in the first half of the twentieth - 1905 is the year of scandal Fauves at the Salon d'Automne - but it was between 1950 and 1960 that the very word "modern" takes on its meaning and is used to identify a period.

The concept of modernity invades art and institutions in the twentieth century, but it emerged in 1850 to describe the great changes in the nineteenth century from the technical and industrial revolutions.
"Modernity" is a mode of thought, life and creation that is decidedly new, based on change and reaction (as is always the case with major changes) to the time that preceded it.
In The Painter of Modern Life , Baudelaire finds beauty in the street and he sees it changing, mobile in the modern artist, he welcomes the ability to identify the transient daily eternal beauty.
At Walt Whitman , one tries to observe the impressive daily in perpetual motion.
Beauty is no longer the preserve of the Antique. Mass culture and popular entertainment crush and agree to end the glorification of official morality. There are new topics to be addressed stamped with a brand new modernity, particularly those derived from the Industrial Revolution. And La Gare Saint-Lazare of Monet , where you can find little nostalgic: this is true modernity.
The impressionistic touch, apparent, differs from the smooth touch that was previously put on the conventions of the time. There is also a greater freedom in the colors.
From an institutional perspective, the emergence of modernity undermines the Academy in its power to authorize or prohibit the entry of a work to Salon. Juries exhibitions begin to lose their absolute credibility to the painters, the State and the public.

In 1863, at the Salon des Refuses , Napoleon III decided to "let the public judge alone, and it is an outburst of laughter and sarcasm that has befallen The Luncheon on the Grass by Manet , it is very much show what influence the jury has on public opinion.
In 1884, the Academy no longer runs the Fine Arts and loses legitimacy in the eyes of artists, this loss of authority favors the emergence of creation called " bohemian "and a revival of the market for art galleries in which players become the forefront.
The painters' out-academy "finally refuse to be exposed next academic painters. That is why the creation in 1885 of the Salon des Independants in 1890 the Salon de la Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts and the Salon d'Automne in 1903.

The concept of "vanguard"

The notion of "avant-garde" is claimed by the artists in their priority to research and innovation, in direct continuation of world fairs, in 1851 and almost simultaneously. This assertion again is consistent with a complete break with the conventions: the conventional categories are shaken (oil on canvas painting, marble or bronze sculpture ...) and bring the artists of the twentieth century in create new such as collages , and assemblages , the " readymade ", etc.. These are the "vanguard" (a term derived from military parlance denotes a gang and cleared and sent a scout).
The avant-garde is not the act of a single artist, but rather a group that unites to defend its production, the "fight" is a must for distributing their new vision of the world. So there is not an avant-garde but several, comprise groups of artists more or less organized.

In 1936, Alfred Barr offers the Museum of Modern Art in New York an exhibition in which he sets up a genealogical table of modern art. It deals with the legacy of Impressionism and its grading is done by national school anymore, but according to the observation of an international movement for a period of five years in succession. The table clearly highlights the multiplicity of groups, their constant substitutions and their perpetual motion.

Chronology of artists and movements of modern art

Before 1914:

Between the wars:

Postwar:

References

  1. We do not confuse with the " modern era "into art , which began with the Renaissance of the fifteenth century , Thus art "old" Giotto (vecchia maniera) is opposed to the art "modern" Leonard (maniera moderna), then follow the contemporary
  2. See Movements in painting

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