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Mentuhotep Ii

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Statue of Mentuhotep II found in his funerary temple of Deir el-Bahari - Egyptian Museum of Cairo

Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep II or is a Pharaoh of the ^eleventh dynasty , son and successor of King Antef III.

He completes the country's reunification by conducting several military campaigns during the first thirty years of his reign.

The ^Tenth Dynasty Herakleopolitan is defeated and disappears quickly, but Mentuhotep II should continue for many years many opponents who do not accept the domination of Thebes on Egypt. To secure the borders, he launched several operations against Libyan and Asian populations have long been infiltrating the northern boundaries of Egypt.

Reunification and national security are set to -2030 , and -2021 , Mentuhotep II, took a new name of Horus , "He who has brought the two countries", to mark his triumph.

The return to prosperity allows it to initiate the restoration of many abandoned temples, resuming its service to artists of Herakleopolis , that has preserved the classical canons of art of the Old Kingdom during the decay of the First interim period.

Genealogy

	Mentuhotep II
Birth	date unknown	Deaths	date unknown
Father	Antef III	Paternal grandparents
			Antef II
			Nferoukaouit
Mother	Iah	Maternal grandparents
			Maternal grandfather unknown
			Maternal grandmother unknown
Siblings	Neferu II
^1st wife	Neferu II (or Nofrou)	Child (ren)	no children known
² nd wife	Tem	Child (ren)	Mentuhotep III
^3rd wife	Kawit	Child (ren)	no children known
^4th wife	Kemsa	Child (ren)	no children known
5 ^th wife	Sadeh	Child (ren)	no children known
6 ^th wife	Ashayet (or Aschait)	Child (ren)	no children known
7 ^th wife	unknown	Child (ren)	no children known
8 ^th wife	unknown	Child (ren)	no children known
Husband	unknown	Child (ren)	no children known
^2nd husband	unknown	Child (ren)	no children known
^3rd husband	unknown	Child (ren)	no children known
4 ^th husband	unknown	Child (ren)	no children known

Mentuhotep II has six wives, but the status of these women is very controversial. All were "priestess of Hathor."

Titulary

King Mentuhotep II changed its name three times during his long reign, his titles reflecting various stages of his work until the reunification of the Two Lands.

It is under the first name of Horus Snkhibtaoui it shows on the throne, taking over from his father.

Definitively proclaimed King of Upper and Lower Egypt under the name Nebhepetre during the fall of the dynasty Herakleopolitan, it adopts Netjerihedjet as the new name of Horus, saying its origins in the South. His authority is not yet assured of all the Two Lands.

Finally, reunification was completed after the year 30's reign, he took in the year 39 a new name of Horus, that of unifying Smataoui.

Part of reign

Horus name 1

Hieroglyph

Coding

S29 S34 F34: N16: N16

Transliteration

( ASCII )

Sanx Hr-ib-Tawi

Transcript

Horus Snkhibtaoui

Translation

"Horus, who quickens the heart of the Two Lands"

Name Sa-Ra

Hieroglyph

Y5 Part of reign</span> </h3><table style=

Horus name 2

Hieroglyph

Coding

Third-party rule

Statue of Mentuhotep II, Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Horus name 3

Hieroglyph

Coding

Reign

Cylinder seal found in the kit to seals of king Nebhepet-Re Mentuhotep II, Muse du Louvre

	Mentuhotep II
Period	Middle Kingdom
Dynasty	^Eleventh dynasty
Function	Pharaoh
Predecessor	Antef III ( I ^re interim period )
Takeover	Natural death of the previous
Dates of reign
Duration of reign	Unknown
Successor	Mentuhotep III
Transfer of power	Natural death
Burial	Not Found
Date Discovered	Unknown
Discoverer	Unknown
Excavated by	?

The reign of Mentuhotep II, as Unifi, marks the real beginning of the period of the Middle Kingdom , although the powers of provincial nomarchs still persist until the ^Twelfth Dynasty. The capital is permanently based at Thebes.

He reorganized the administration by appointing his trusted men in the north and confirming their position in the nomarchs Middle Egypt joined him, including the rulers of the provinces of the Hare and the Oryx. Chancellors posts are restored, and that of vizier occupied, during his reign, dignitaries Bebi , Dagi and Ipi.

Economically, Mentuhotep II revived the royal expeditions to the mines and countertops foreign interrupted since the end of the ^sixth dynasty , and began the re-cultivation of abandoned land during the disturbances. Although Nubia remains largely independent expeditions launched until the second cataract (at least two, in year 29 and 31) allow better control of trade routes and secure communication and transportation caravan.

Continuation of the traditions of royalty is a sovereign builder who continues the work of restoration begun by his father at Elephantine. It raises the temples in several parts of Upper Egypt, make additions to the temple of Osiris at Abydos , several shrines and beautifies the Theban region, dedicated to the god Montu at Tod and Erment.

Mentuhotep II dies after more than half a century of rule, leaving the throne to his second son, Mentuhotep III.

Burial

The mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II at Deir el-Bahari

	Mentuhotep II
Type	Temple overcame a mastaba
Location	Deir el-Bahari
Date Discovered
Discoverer
Excavations
Objects discovered

Mentuhotep II built at Deir el-Bahari temple, a grand funeral, which we are now certain that it was topped by a mastaba and not a small pyramid Egyptologists as previously thought. A canal carried water from the Nile to a pool of boats, a temple down on the pier began to ramp up a temple at the entrance to a courtyard in the middle of which sits a room hypostyle followed by a second court, and finally the smaller shrine. It is in this second court that the excavations have revealed a ramp with a long corridor leading to his grave.

This funerary temple in a style derived from original but sun temples of the Old Empire, will serve as a model for the funerary temple of Queen Hatshepsut , elevated right next to him several centuries later.