Madrid
| Madrid | |
|---|---|
 | |
 |  |
| Flag | Blazon |
 | |
| General Information | |
| Status | Municipio |
| Country |  Spain |
| Comunidad |  Community of Madrid |
| Province | Community of Madrid |
| County | Metropolitan area of Madrid |
| District Serbian justice. | Madrid |
| Postcode | 28001-28080 |
| Demonym | Madrileo / a, Matritense (es) Madrid (en) |
| Geographic Data | |
| Contact | 40 26 '00 "North 3 41 '00 "West / 40.433333, -3.683333 |
| Area | 607 km 2 |
| Altitude Avg. | 667 m |
| Population ( INE ) - Total: - Density : - Year: | 3,413,271 inhab. 5 293.69 inhabitants / km 2 2008 |
| River (s) | The Manzanares |
| Politics | |
| Mayor - party - Mandate | Alberto Ruiz-Gallardon PP 2007 - 2011 |
| Budget - Amount: - Year: | 5,586,087,701 2008 |
| Website | www.madrid.es |
| Culture | |
| Patron saint | Isidore the Laborer |
change  | |
Madrid is the capital of Spain. City's largest and most populous country is also the capital of the Autonomous Community of Madrid Geography Very near the geographical center of the Iberian Peninsula, about 50 km south of the Sierra de Guadarrama , the city lies on the plateau of the Meseta between 600 and 700 meters above sea level altitude city average, 667 m, making it one of the highest European capitals. The city of Madrid has a continental Mediterranean climate. We thus find in Madrid relatively mild winters, with frequent freezes and the occasional snow with temperatures down to -4 C and summers are very hot in July and August with temperatures most days above 30 C. The average temperature in Madrid is 14 C with a maximum recorded at the airport of 42.2 C (July 24, 1995 ) and a minimum of -14.8 C (February 5, 1963 ). The city of Madrid is dry. Like much of Spain, she receives little rainfall, between 400 and 500 mm per year and an average of 49 rainy days per year. The wettest months are November and December with 56 mm of rainfall. August is the driest month with only 10 mm of rainfall. Cordoba was founded by the emir Muhammad I. in the late ninth century , Madrid acts as a fortress protecting Toledo , the ancient capital of Visigoth. In 1047 , King Ferdinand I of Castile entered Madrid, but finding the place unattractive (only madroo ( strawberry tree ) are pushed, recalled that the arms of Madrid), the exchange against a tribute to the king of Toledo. Madrid definitely belong to Castile when Alfonso VI of Castile takes the city of Toledo in 1085. But in 1109 , Madrid was destroyed by King Almoravid Tesufin. Muslims will be expelled permanently from the area in 1132 , after the victory of Alfonso VII to Villarrubia de los Ojos. The city of Madrid will gradually extend its domination over the surrounding towns like Segovia. In 1217 , St. Francis of Assisi founded the monastery of San Francisco to Madrid. A year later, in 1218 , the monastery of Santo Domingo el Real is built in turn. Rodrigo Rodriguez became the first mayor of Madrid in 1219. The city will continue its development of new religious buildings were constructed and sessions of the Cortes were held there early in the fourteenth century. During the fifteenth century , Madrid will continue to grow during the reigns of John II and Queen Isabella. In 1479 , Pedro Zapata founded the monastery of Rejas and a municipal slaughterhouse was built in 1489. The streets of Madrid are beginning to be paved in 1492 and the city is organized under the urbanization criteria dictated by the Catholic Monarchs. In 1525 , King Francis I of France is captured at the Battle of Pavia by the army of Charles V. He was jailed in Madrid for a year in the tower los Lujanes. A peace treaty is signed between the two powers, and Francis I may return to France, leaving his two son in Madrid as security until completion of the clauses of the treaty. In 1547 , Prince Philip founded the convent of San Felipe el Real on the location of the Puerta del Sol. The Augustinian convent of San Felipe Neri and that of Trinidad Descalzi will be based at the same time. Ten years later the Princess Joan, sister of the future king of Spain Philip II , ordered the founding of the Franciscan convent of nuns, las Descalzas. But faced with popular discontent, Madrid is again designated as the capital of Spain, on 4 March 1606. In 1605 is published the first volume of Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra , the printing Juan de la Cuesta. The Plaza Mayor of Madrid was inaugurated in 1616 , three years later it held the first bullfight. In 1632 , the Count of Olivares presented to King Philip IV the keys of the Buen Retiro. In 1701 , Madrid sees arriving Philip V , the first king of the Bourbon dynasty, the reigning French who imposed one of its children on the Spanish throne. A year later began the War of Spanish Succession , which ended with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 and confirm that Philip V on the throne. The day of Christmas Eve in 1734 , a fire destroyed the Alcazar of Madrid, the symbol of the Hapsburg dynasty in Spain. On 7 April 1738 , the foundation stone of the new Royal Palace was laid. In 1766 began the construction of the Casa de Correos (House Post ") who is the current seat of government of the Comunidad de Madrid. Buen Retiro Park is open to the public the following year. In 1785 will begin the construction of the Prado Museum. In 1790 , work began on remodeling of the Plaza Mayor, but in August 1791 the place burned down. On 2 May 1808 , the people of Madrid rose against the French troops of Napoleon. This scene will be immortalized in Francisco de Goya , like the 3 May 1808 , the day of the French repression. This is the beginning of the reign of Joseph Bonaparte as the new king of Spain. But in 1812 , he has to flee after the battle of Madrid Majadahonda, and French troops are expelled from Spain a year later. On 13 May 1814 , Ferdinand made a triumphant entrance into the streets of Madrid. On 7 July 1822 , an uprising of the Royal Guard is quenched after clashes in the Prado and the Plaza Mayor. The following year, 7 November 1823 , the General Riego was shot. On 19 November 1850 , Queen Elizabeth II inaugurated the Theatre Royal. On 9 February 1851 , the railway line between Madrid and Aranjuez, was inaugurated by the Spanish sovereign, while the works of the Canal Isabel II starting August 11 the same year. Many buildings will be constructed or see their work begin in the following years. This is the case of the National Library in 1866 , the Caisse d'Epargne and the pawnshop in 1870 , and the emergence in 1871 of the first horse-drawn trams. Almudena Cathedral is started on 4 April 1883 and ended 10 January 1886. The architect Carlos Velasco presented his draft Gran Via which recur, with its business district, the Austrian taste for bombastic architecture. In 1898 , we proceed with the electrification of the first tramway line between Madrid and Salamanca districts of Arguelles, through the Puerta del Sol. On October 3 the first electrified tram lines are opened between Sol Serrano and between Hipdromo and Recoletos. The first issue of the ABC newspaper, founded by Torcuato Luca de Tena, is published in Madrid on June 1, 1905. Several attacks have occurred during the following years: the 31 May 1906 , the royal couple Alfonso XIII and Victoria Eugenia unscathed from an attack in the Calle Mayor. On 12 November 1912 , the Council President, Jos Canalejas , who was assassinated in the Puerta del Sol by an anarchist named Manuel Pardias. On 8 March 1921 Council Chairman Eduardo Dato is assassinated in his turn on the Independence Square. On 2 March 1923 , Madrid gets a visit from Albert Einstein who participates in several scientific conferences at the university, the Ateneo de Madrid and the Royal Academy. He was received by the royal family. The construction of the Madrid Barajas airport began in 1929. On 14 April 1931 , two days after the Republican triumph in the elections, the king left the capital. The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed and the next is formed first Republican City Council chaired by Pedro Rico Lpez. But from the May 10 , the first disturbances arise in Madrid and several churches were burned. New Madrid bullring, Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas , were inaugurated on 1 October 1934. The city of Madrid will host in August 2011 the World Youth Days in five days. World Youth Day will see the participation of nearly 2 million young people worldwide. The theme of the 26 th meeting will be "rooted and grounded in Christ, firm in the faith." (Colossians 2:7) On 16 February 1936 , Madrid celebrates the victory of the Popular Front led by Manuel Azana the last general election. But events will soon plunge to the Spanish capital into chaos, the lieutenant of the Guardia de Asalto (police Republican) Jose Castillo was assassinated on July 12, then a few hours later, the member monarchist Jos Calvo Sotelo is murdered in turn by sympathetic Republicans. July 17, protesters demanding the distribution of weapons in response to rumors of the reversal of the Republic. On 22 August, a fire occurs in the Modelo prison, followed by the assassination of several political leaders of the center and right. On 27 August, Madrid is bombed by rebel troops. The first Junta of Defense of the city is set on Oct. 8, then the government decided to leave Madrid on 6 November 1936 to establish the capital of the Republic at Valencia. The next day, November 7, 1936, began the battle for Madrid. Madrid will defend themselves against rebel attacks for many months. The capital, Republican bastion, will be bypassed. But after the fall of the government fled to Catalonia since October 1937, Madrid will finally lay down their arms, and thereby symbolically consecrate the defeat of the Republicans. Indeed, the night of 5 to 6 March 1939, the coup of Colonel Casado Segismundo finally reverses the scheme introduced in 1931. On 28 March, troops of General Franco had more than done their entry into Madrid. From 1948 to 1954 , Madrid will integrate its metropolitan area in the surrounding communities of the capital. On 23 June 1972 , the zoo opened in Madrid is the Casa de Campo. On 20 December 1973 , the Basque separatist organization ETA assassinated the prime minister, Luis Carrero Blanco in the street Claudio Coello. Two years later, Francisco Franco died November 20, 1975 following a serious illness. Juan Carlos was proclaimed King of Spain, and December 27, 1978 he signed the new constitution making Spain a constitutional monarchy. The Constitution comes into effect two days later. In 1981, Colonel Antonio Tejero Molina stormed the Congress of Deputies , but the king, supported by the Spanish population, strongly opposed the coup. In 1992, Madrid has the title of European Capital of Culture. On March 11, 2004, the city is hit by Islamist attacks causing the deaths of 191 people. Past three decades, Madrid has emerged as a major European capitals as economically and culturally, with great dynamism and strong growth. Madrid is divided into twenty-one districts, subdivided into 129 districts (barrios) affirmed the characters. The district stretches from Columbus's main square (Plaza de Coln), arranged in honor of Christopher Columbus , and instead Alonso Martnez. It is bordered to the east of the Paseo de Recoletos and south by Chueca. It is a quiet discreet charm, closely monitored because it houses the highest Spanish judicial institutions (the Supreme Court, the Audiencia Nacional - which are considered major criminal cases, including those related to Basque terrorism or Islamic - and the Council General of the Judiciary) and the Ministry of Interior, the headquarters of the Popular Party, the French Institute in Madrid ... This area owes its name to the old hermitage of Atocha Basilica today. In this neighborhood is the train station Renfe of Atocha , Madrid's oldest railway station and most of Spain. This station is famous for its hall that houses a tropical garden and, sadly, for being the focal point for commuter trains (Cercanas) that exploded during the attacks of March 11, 2004. A memorial was inaugurated in memory of the dead (it is shaped like a large plastic cylinder). Opposite the station, is the Reina Sofia Art Center , National Museum of Contemporary Art, which houses masterpieces of Juan Gris , Joan Mir , Salvador Dal and Pablo Picasso , whose famous Guernica. It is the business district of Madrid, with its numerous towers, as the Picasso Tower , the Edificio BBVA and Europa Tour. The Windsor Tower burned completely in February 2005 Chueca A lively at the Movida Madrid, Chueca was deserted in the years 1980 , becoming a haunt for heroin addicts. Having benefited from, the evolution of an urban rehabilitation policy of the municipality, Chueca has become a trendy avant-garde, where restaurants, bars and nightclubs alongside fashion boutiques. Today the neighborhood gay city. Organized around the Plaza Chueca, colorful little place, it is separated from the neighboring district of Malasaa by two lively shopping streets, Calle Calle Fuencarral and Hortaleza, lined with shops of young designers, design objects or electronic music. Neighborhood small but dense buildings with large institutions, which makes the junction between Sol and the Prado, along the Carrera de San Jermino. The most notable building is the Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados). The Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum is located in the perimeter, and the Bank of Spain , the Crculo de Bellas Artes , the Zarzuela theater or the Grand Hotel Palace. The "main street" is the most important avenue of the historic center, currently comprising of many service centers cinemas, theaters, hotels, department stores, banks and the headquarters of Telefnica. In 1886 , the architect Carlos Velasco Peinado proposed a draft "Gran Via" to the municipality, between Calle Alcal and the Piazza San Marcial, current place of Spain. In 1898 , the municipality asked the architects Andres Francisco and Jose Octavio Lopez Sallavery to study a proposed extension of the street Preciados, approved in 1901 . During the civil war, many buildings were targeted by aerial bombardment or artillery Francoist and with bullet marks still visible on many buildings. During the dictatorship it was known as "Avenue of Jose Antonio" in honor of Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera , then regained its original name after the death of Franco. Embajadores officially named, was in the fifteenth century the Jewish neighborhood of Madrid. Today is a popular area, welcoming immigrants and many restaurants around the world. The mixture also attracts a cosmopolitan population of artists and bohemians in Madrid against the current. Grocery stores will offer all the ingredients of world cuisines. There are also many theaters, squats and cultural centers such as Casa Encendida cinematheque or Spanish. The fragile ethnic balance is threatened by strong speculative pressure on property developers and policy of poverty alleviation downtown launched by the Madrid City Council. Despite this, the district continues to suffer from a reputation of insecurity. Neighborhood's historic center, which unfolds in small winding streets south of the Plaza Mayor , on both sides of the Calle Mayor. Very popular with students for its charm, its lifestyle and its tapas bars, between the booming Latin every Sunday morning at the Rastro , the flea market of Madrid, whose tradition dates back several centuries. It's a huge outdoor market where tourists and Madrid clump in late morning, much to unearth the strange objects to enjoy its festive atmosphere. Originally called Maravillas, the district was later adopted as the official Malasaa. Malasaa Manuela was a young girl from the Calle de San Andrs, killed during the uprising of the Dos de Mayo under the Napoleonic occupation in 1808. The area is also often referred to as the Tribunal. Key location for the nightlife in Madrid, organized around the Plaza del 2 de mayo and Tribunal metro station, Malasaa is a lively and colorful, whose narrow streets are home to countless bars and discos attracting the young and lively , mostly students. The movement of the movida was born in the streets and in places that still exist such as the Via Lactea or Nueva Visin. This vast area is named after its sponsor, the Marquis of Salamanca, who had built from scratch in the nineteenth century. Today is the upscale neighborhood of the Spanish capital, home to the wealthy. It is bounded by the Paseo de la Castellana (West), Calle de Joaqun Costa (North), Plaza Manuel Becerra (East) and the Retiro Park (South). Calle Goya, Calle de Velzquez and the Calle de Serrano (the most expensive street in Madrid) are the main arteries. The broad avenues of Salamanca organized checkerboard contrast with the confusion of narrow streets that forms the other central areas of Madrid and are lined with luxury residential buildings, palaces and luxury shops. This is a very elegant where you can stroll and shop (provided you have the means) but few lively at night. The official residence of the Ambassador of France in Spain, a magnificent villa of the early twentieth century, lies at the heart of Salamanca, at the intersection of Calle Serrano and Calle Maria de Molina. Most high-rise buildings are concentrated in the business district AZCA : There are four new skyscrapers in Madrid, north of Plaza de Castilla, in the extension of La Castellana. The area called Cuatro Torres Bussines Area (CTBA) Several universities are located in the community of Madrid. The national railway company Renfe serves the entire peninsula from the stations of Atocha and Chamartin. This last can be reached directly by train in France Hotel Elipsos formerly Talgo, "Francisco de Goya The Barajas Airport is more than 54 million passengers in 2007 , the 10th airport in the world for the number of passengers. It has grown an average of 15% per year. The new terminal "T4" on the airport's capacity to more than 70 million passengers per year was inaugurated in February 2006. It is the largest terminal in the world with an area of over 1 million square meters. From the reign of Philip II the city became the capital. For many years the city remained an administrative center, centralizing state activities. Industrialization arrived en masse after the civil war. It was concentrated in the areas of precision engineering, electronics, pharmaceutical ... The centralized state favored the growth of the city. Many companies set up their national headquarters there during this period. Recently, the phenomenon of de-industrialization has given way to urban tertiary activities. They are no longer limited to state administration, but especially financial, and communications (fairs, conferences, airport traffic). This vast tertiarisation allowed Madrid to reach the rank of metropolitan European financial and becoming the third richest city of Europe in terms of GDP . Tourism is also an important economic center. The city plays on her image alive, modern and attractive to captivate a festive and cultural tourism. Its economy is also facing the car with the French group PSA , shipbuilding (components), food processing, plastics industry, electronics, telecommunications ... It concentrates 50% of high-tech activities in Spain (universities, research centers, corporate headquarters, ...). La Movida , creative cultural movement, has emerged following the death of Franco and helped affirm the festive character of the city. The initial movement was favored by Enrique Tierno Galvn , then mayor of Madrid and emblematic figure of the democratic transition. Since the Operacin Luna, however, an initiative of the municipality and the Government of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, the bars must close at three o'clock, and botellon are banned since 2002 (although they still remain), which finally ended the Madrid movida. The main nightlife districts of Madrid are: Madrid has many fashion stores, either downtown or in the many shopping centers such as Las Rozas Village / Heron City Madrid. The big chain stores Spanish El Corte Ingles, is also everywhere in Madrid (Preciados Princesa, Salamanca, Azca ...) The main shopping areas are: The local cuisine is rich in meats and products consistent and similar to that of all Castile. It includes famous dishes: The most famous sporting club in the city of Madrid is the illustrious Real Madrid , considered the largest sports club in the world by the fact that its sections including football and basketball club meringue are both the most successful European Championship clubs. Section football resides in Santiago Bernabeu stadium. The other famous football club in the city is the Atletico Madrid , residing at the Vicente Calderon. Madrid was a candidate to host the Olympic Games of the XXX Olympiad of the modern era in 2012. The mayor Jose Maria Alvarez del Manzano was behind this initiative. Alberto Ruiz-Gallardon , his successor has continued but the Games of the XXX Olympiad of the modern era will be celebrated in London. The Olympic city has been chosen and announced at the 117th session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), 6 July 2005 in Singapore , Madrid was eliminated in the third round. Madrid was a candidate in the Summer Olympics of 2016 which will eventually lead to Rio de Janeiro , in Brazil. Madrid was designated European Capital of Sport for the year 2001 . Situation
Climate
months January February March April May jul. jul. Aug. September October November December year Average minimum temperature ( C ) 2,6 3,7 5,6 7,2 10,7 15,1 18,4 18,2 15 10,2 6 3,8 9,8 Mean Temperature ( C) 6,1 7,9 10,7 12,3 16,1 21 24,8 24,5 20,5 14,6 9,7 7 14,6 Average maximum temperature ( C) 9,7 12 15,6 17,4 21,4 26,9 31,2 30,7 26 19 13,4 10,1 19,5 Rainfall ( mm ) 37,4 34,9 25,9 47,3 51,8 24,6 15,1 10,2 27,6 48,9 56,1 55,9 435,7 Record cold ( C) -10,9 -14,8 -7,2 -2,7 0,1 3 8,5 7,7 3,4 -2,6 -11,3 -10,2 -11,3 Record heat ( C) 19,9 22 26 31,6 34,6 38,4 42,2 40 37,8 30,6 23,8 18,6 40,7 The Spanish conquest
Installing the Bourbon dynasty
Joseph Bonaparte (Joseph I, King of Spain)
Bourbon Restoration
Modern Madrid
Future Events
Civil War
Franco's Regime
Second restoration of the Bourbons
Districts and neighborhoods of Madrid
Alonso Martnez
Atocha
AZCA / Nuevos Ministerios
Las Cortes
Gran Va
The early work for its construction began by laying the foundation stone by King Alfonso XIII April 4 1910 , according to a development plan for the city in 1862 . With this project planning, drawing inspiration from New York , asserted a neo-classical Madrid established by architects like Antonio Palacios, and Zuazo Muguruza. Lavapis
La Latina
Malasaa
Salamanca
Attractions
Museums
Palace and gardens
Religious buildings
Arteries and famous squares
Urban Contemporary
Around Madrid
Education
Transport and Communications
Urban
External Communications
Economy
Economics from the Renaissance to the twentieth century
Economics from 1992 to 2009
Nightlife
Shopping
Cuisine of Madrid
Sports
Arrival of the Tour of Spain
Twinnings
Paris ( France ) (partnership between these two cities, Paris has an exclusive twinning with Rome) 
Belgrade ( Serbia ) 
Berlin ( Germany ) 
Bogot ( Colombia ) Bordeaux ( France ) 
Brussels ( Belgium ) 
Buenos Aires ( Argentina ) 
Caracas ( Venezuela ) 
Havana ( Cuba ) 
Cairo ( Egypt ) 
Lisbon ( Portugal ) 
Managua ( Nicaragua ) 
Manila ( Philippines ) 
Mexico ( Mexico ) 
Montevideo ( Uruguay ) 
Moscow ( Russia ) Mstoles ( Spain ) 
New York ( USA ) 
Nouakchott ( Mauritania ) 
Panama (City) ( Panama ) 
Beijing ( China ) 
Quito ( Ecuador ) 
Rabat ( Morocco ) 
San Jose ( Costa Rica ) 
Santo Domingo ( Dominican Republic ) 
Tripoli ( Libya ) 
Warsaw ( Poland ) Cannes ( France ) Local festivals
References
Internal Links
External Links
Preceded by European Capital of Culture 1992 
Followed by 
Dublin Madrid Antwerp 
Capitals of member countries of the European Union Amsterdam Athens Berlin Bratislava Brussels Bucharest Budapest Copenhagen Dublin Helsinki Valletta Lisbon Ljubljana London Luxembourg Madrid Nicosia Paris Prague Riga Rome Sofia Stockholm Tallinn Warsaw Vienna Vilnius 
Portal European Union
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