Kingdom Of Judah
Judah is a kingdom of the ancient Near East. According to tradition, there existed from -931. His disappearance comes at -587 at a campaign led by Nebuchadnezzar against Jerusalem.
Summary |
Introduction
The kingdom of Judah would have appeared when King Solomon , son of King David , died in -931. A schism broke out then. Ten tribes of Israel gather in the north to form the new kingdom of Israel , led by Jeroboam while the tribes of Judah and Benjamin form around Jerusalem in a southern kingdom of Judah, the more homogeneous (especially on the religious ) that the kingdom of Israel. Much of the Levites devoted to the Temple of Jerusalem also joined the Kingdom of Judah. The Kingdom of Judah are until -931 -587 when King Babylonian Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem.
According to archeological research, the early Israelites are not yet organized into a centralized kingdom , the first centralized kingdom attested by archeology is the one based Omri , the kingdom of Israel. Neither the existence of Solomon or that of Saul are attested by archeology. The existence of David is not witnessed in his lifetime, but it is attested as founder of the House of David dynasty different from the house of Omri.
History of the Kingdom of Judah in the Bible
From -931 to -612
According to the Bible , the kingdom said the South remains committed to the teaching of the Torah its northern neighbor, the Kingdom of Israel. The presence of the Temple of Jerusalem his capital is tied to keeping the faith, despite some times when kings promoted the idolatrous in this territory. The Assyrians destroyed the northern kingdom in -722 and deported its population. Judah defeats.
From -612 to -605
In -612, the Assyrian capital, Nineveh was destroyed by two new regional powers: the Chaldeans and Medes , united under the banner Babylonian. The Egypt has set its sights on Syria and Samaria. Judah is thus wedged between the big three then. King Josiah died in battle against Pharaoh Necho II in -608. Yoachaz , son of Josiah , became king instead of his father in Jerusalem.
From -605 to -588
In -605, the Battle of Carchemish between Egypt to Babylon. King Nebuchadnezzar II and continuing through the Judean troops of Pharaoh. Judea became a vassal of the Chaldees. The kingdom's population is divided between supporters of Egypt and Babylon. King Joaakim stands against Nebuchadnezzar and died in combat in -598. The Babylonians deported the elite of the population and the kingdom appears very weak. A revolt fails -593. In -589, despite warnings from the prophet Jeremiah , the king of Judah Zedekiah allied with the military coalition led by Egypt against Chaldea, refuses to pay the tribute imposed and reiterates the country's independence.
Exile and destruction of the kingdom
In response, Nebuchadnezzar invaded Judah. The siege of Jerusalem begins on 10 Tevet (Hebrew calendar) of the year -587. The people of the city is hungry for the seat. The 17th of Tammuz of the year -586 , a breach is made in the wall of the Temple and the city was sacked. The 9th of Av -586 , Babylonian soldiers burned the Temple and city buildings. The kingdom was destroyed and its entire population was deported to different parts of the Babylonian empire.
List of kings of Judah
For this period, most scholars of the Old Testament following timelines established by William Foxwell Albright , Edwin R. Thiele and Gershon Galil , all listed below. All dates are relative to the common era.
| Albright dates | dates Thiele | dates Galil | Common Name | Name and style reign + biblical references | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1000 - 962 | - | 1010 - 970 | David | - David ben Yishai , Melech Ysra'el | King of Israel unified |
| 962 - 922 | - | 970 - 931 | Solomon | - Shelomoh ben David , Melech Ysra'el | King of Israel unified - Son of David and Bathsheva , rights of inheritance was disputed by his half-brother, Adoniyah |
| 922 - 915 | 931 - 913 | 931 - 914 | Rehoboam | - Re'hav'am ben Shlomo , Melech Yehudah 1 Kings 14:21; 2 Chr 12:13 |
The Hasmonean kingdom
In the second century BC EC, while Judea is part of the kingdom Seleucid , the revolt of the Maccabees led the ruling family of Hasmonean , one of whose members, Aristobulus I , took the royal title to -104 The new kingdom of Judea maintains its independence until -63 , when Pompey imposed a protectorate of Rome. The Hasmonean then the Herodians continue to reign over Judah to the Year 6, but the Roman Senate that grants the royal title. A final King Herod, Herod Agrippa I reign over Judea from 37 to 44.
Notes
- Usher mentions a king between Solomon and Rehoboam appointed Abijah (or Abiam) , which would have reigned from -957 to -955 and won an important victory over Jeroboam king of Israel.
- Zedekiah king during the second rebellion ( -588 - -586 ). Jerusalem was captured after a long siege, the Temple burned, Zedekiah was taken into exile and the kingdom of Judah reduced to a province. Nebuchadnezzar extra Gedaliah ben A'hikam (Gedaliah) as governor. The latter was killed in a revolt last and the few members who remained in the land of Israel fled Egypt, taking with them the prophet Jeremiah and his disciple Baruch.
See also
- Kingdom of Israel
- Babylonian exile
- Judaea
- Archaeological data on early Israelites
- Archaeological data on the conquest of Canaan
- Archaeological data on the reigns of David and Solomon
- Omri and archaeological data on the Omrides
- Archaeological data on the Philistines
- History of research on the Pentateuch
- History of Palestine
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