History Of Latin
This article traces the early history of Latin.
Summary |
Latin Antique
Latin was the language of Indo-European language spoken by the people of Latium , surrounded by other dialects Indo-European language and Etruscan it is influenced. Territorial expansion of Ancient Rome provides the Latin a wider and wider from the third century BC. AD on Western Europe, the North Africa and the Danube regions. Under the Roman Empire , Latin was the language of law, the Roman administration and army and numerous Roman colonies , coexisting with the Greek and local dialects.
Evolution of Latin
In the fifth century, the political dissolution of the Western Roman Empire under the pressure of Germanic and survival of the Eastern Roman Empire under Greek culture poses only a partial reduction of the geographical expansion of Latin. Several European languages are derived directly from the Vulgar Latin (that is to say variants spoken by the people, not the literary language), the Romance languages such as Catalan , the Castilian , the French , the Italian , the Portuguese , the Occitan language , the Romansh , the Romanian , etc.. Other languages have borrowed a very large vocabulary, such as Albania (by proximity) or English (via the Old French or the Roman occupation of much of England). The Latin was for centuries the language of science (and in France, that of education, the fifth century to the seventeenth century ) and the language of the Roman Catholic Church , its influence in Europe was felt in many languages, and the appearance of all these languages derived from Latin do not prevent the abundant and stay alive as a language of publication and communication in all areas. To give a more accurate idea of its importance, it suffices to note that the literature of the ancient "classical" is only 0.01% of all Latin literature!
Medieval Latin
Sometimes called Low Latin to denote the Latin of the end of antiquity and early Middle Ages , for which we can speak of medieval Latin, as opposed to the Latin classic Cicero. Low Latin and Vulgar Latin are not synonymous.
Many words borrowed from Germanic languages were added to the vocabulary. A number of terms have acquired a traditional religious meaning in the context of Christianity (creed or index for example) they did not in ancient times, a term they can then be lost again (again Once, creed).
Latin, foreign language
Until the nineteenth century , doctoral theses, whether in medicine or any other science were to be published in Latin. This was for instance the case of Jean Jaures. To this end, doctoral students and sometimes paid very poorly Latinist a student to perform the translation.
There are still some schools that are working on Latin.
Currently, given the abundance and diversity of European languages, we are witnessing a revival of the use of Latin as a language of communication: the Latin living
The language of the Catholic Church is and remains Latin. This is not without difficulties. Already at the time of Vatican II , Yves Congar op expert at the Council, is working to correct the copy of his colleagues to express themselves in a Latin fluid and contemporary. Moreover, his Journal of the Council (CERF, 2000) testifies that he gives in secret, notes the Latin expression of various bishops and cardinals.
Latin is now taught more as a living language, as in the Roman ecclesiastical universities ( Pontifical Gregorian University , the Pontifical University of St. Augustine, etc..) and in seminars depending on the Society of St. Pius X refractory to Vatican II.
During the conclave of 2005, one of the last active teachers in a university ecclesiastical Roman said that only two cardinals, including one who was elected pope, yet fully understood when speaking to them in Latin.
To help improve the quality of Latin writing in any of its representatives who have yet to practice, the Vatican maintains a department of modern and contemporary Latin.
Sixty thousand words or phrases were added to the Latin past two centuries, to allow the expression on all contemporary subjects (nuclear power vis atomica said, for example), thereby confirming the status of foreign language, unlike a popular opinion. Besides this encyclopedia also has a Latin version.
There is a method Assimil Latin, which begins:
- - Lat i did o queries? - You speak Latin?
- - No. Ndume lat i did o Quor: hi i am cm my dr i l e CTIO is. - I do not yet speak Latin: this is my first lesson.
- - C i to do loqu e lat i laugh. - You speak Latin quickly.
It rightly emphasizes the need to increase properly.
The Latin and European countries
Latin is sometimes used in contexts where it is designated with a unique name Swiss institutions. Thus, the Swiss Confederation is also named Confoederatio Helvetica and its motto is traditional Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno.
At the European Union , Latin was the language that was adopted the motto of the EU before it is translated into different languages of the Union. Latin is also used occasionally when multilingualism official is not applicable. To show its commitment to its cultural pluralist model, the EU has recourse to short and simple inscriptions, language sestina.
| History of Latin | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -75 BC. AD | 75 av. BC - I century | EII - VIII century | IX - XV century | XV - XVII century | XVII - today |
| archaic latin | Classical Latin | Low Latin | Medieval Latin | Humanist Latin | Latin Contemporary |
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