Hashish
Hashish ( ar : Etymology
A hypothesis language derives the word assassin hashishiyyin the Persian, which means smokers of hashish. In medieval sect Shia Middle East is talking about her. That of Hashchines or Nizari : the rumor that members of this sect are conditioned by their leader to kill under the influence of hashish, hence their name. Subsequently in Italy in the thirteenth century, the word is listed in assassino to designate Muslim leaders fighting the Christians or the killers finally in France in the sixteenth century it took the form means the assassin and hired killers before take the wider meaning murderer. History Hashish is a manufactured product derived from hemp also known by its Latin name, cannabis. Since the ancient times , there are humans to consume hashish ingestion. In the early nineteenth century , scientists who accompanied Napoleon in his Egyptian campaign , interest in hashish. The psychiatrist Jacques Moreau de Tours attempts to develop treatments for his patients and publishes hashish and mental alienation . This psychotropic knows a certain vogue in Parisian art circles. Doctors, artists and writers gather to experience it in a Parisian mansion at 17, Quai d'Anjou. This is the Club Hashischins , which was founded in 1845 by physician Moreau de Tours. Fashion is so consumer as dawamesk, that is to say a jam eastern constructed from the extracted fat inflorescences. Several literary works reflect these sessions: Club Hashischins of Theophile Gautier is one of them, The Count of Monte Cristo of Alexandre Dumas mentions several times the consumption of dawamesk. Arthur Rimbaud and Paul Verlaine is also deemed to have been inveterate consumers, they associated more with the consumption of hashish that of the absinthe. Charles Baudelaire devoted a pamphlet (The Wine in hashish and hashish) and the first five poems of Artificial Paradise. It should be noted however that the "hashish" described by Charles Baudelaire could designate a drug rather different from what we know today, since according to him consists of "a concoction of Indian hemp, butter and a small quantity of opium " . Today, the hashish is much more consumed by ingestion in Western countries because this mode of consumption alters the kinetics of intoxication cannabis. The first effects are felt not only tens of minutes after setting and are much longer to dissipate than those obtained by a consumer in the form of joint. This significant time lag between decision and effects and between stopping the use of and return to normal confines of oral consumption on rare occasions. As for assertions that the rate of THC content in the product would be very much higher than it was originally (about ten times), they are unverifiable. In an economic study of the retail market for cannabis in Montpellier , and Laure Chantrel Benedict Prevost notes that "The data available at national level show low levels of THC with 90% of seizures of grass and nearly 80% seized quantities of hashish and THC content of less than or equal to 12%, based on the ratio of THC of cannabis samples seized by the national police and customs, in 1999. That the evolution of world consumption has pushed producers and intermediaries to develop more profitable revenue by cutting the product with substances not necessarily noble, however, is proved. Which gives the hashish taste acrid and bitter, that the plant material which it is drawn. The consistency is very oily and sticky or very dry and solid, is closely related to the mode of obtaining the product and the types of plants used. Hashish is commonplace since the second half of the twentieth century , especially smoked in various forms such as gasket , water pipe, pipe clay, metal or wooden chalice, with a cigarette and a bottle, etc.. The resin from cannabis is derived from the secretory glands of the leaves and flowers that bear the plant female (although they contain THC , the male plants do not produce resin). Various processing techniques are used hashish in the world. The most widespread, used worldwide Arabic , is to dry the plants, then the sieve to separate the drops of resin from the plant material. Depending on the fineness of the sieve, several qualities are obtained. Monfreid Henry , in The Cruise of hashish , describes accurately and literary method it has had occasion to observe in a Greek firm, where he went to buy hashish destined for smuggling into the Egypt. The resin can then be stored in order to improve (in Afghanistan , where the resin is stored in bags made of skins of goat , storage before pressing up to ten years). The resin powder is then pressed after heating. In Morocco , used hydraulic presses, which gives the famous pads hard, yellowish / green / brown (for export only). For the record, is to boycott French cigarettes (for sale in Morocco during the protectorate period) that the King Mohammed V gave, by royal decree, the right to plant kif growers in the region of Ketama (for also cultivated for over 500 years in the region). It was not until the early 1970s to see happen in this region of the hippie movement, smoking hashish from Morocco. They showed farmers Ketama techniques learned in Afghanistan and Lebanon to dry the plants, separating and compresses the resin . In Afghanistan , we can also press the garda (local name of the unpressed resin) by hand. Otherwise, it is poured into a large mortar under which a fire is lit. When it is hot enough, a heavy stone is actuated to press the resin. The product, called charas, is dark green to black, very soft and very fragrant. In the region of the Himalayas , the hashish is also known as charas, but the influence Hindu that you do not cut plants (cannabis is sacred in Hinduism). The resin is harvested by rubbing the flower heads with their hands. After some time, the resin accumulates on the palms and fingers. It is then scraped off and form the famous charas in the Himalayas. As for the resin filtered, charas produced in this way requires a period of improvement before it can reveal its full range of flavors and effects. Each region has its excipients specific. Note that the presence of such products is not systematic, and usually hashish destined for export which is cut. It is in the Moroccan hashish found the most harmful additives such as psychotropic drugs , shoe polish, wax , glue , motor oil, henna. The famous "soap" that was widespread in France in the 1990s , was often composed of cannabis herb powder, bound with wax or oil drain, which was added to the drug effect. Packaging Today, the hashish is conditioned mainly in chips or blocks similar to soap. The product is compact, easily allowing traffickers to conceal large amounts in small volumes. Platelets are surrounded cellophane trying to make the sealed package to water and air. Then, the plates are hidden in packages themselves hidden by traffickers. In countries where cannabis is tolerated but regulated like the Netherlands , shops specialize in selling packaging discreet and secret specifically for hashish. Thus, there are aerosol repair air chamber whose base unscrews to reveal a double bottom, fake cans of soda are also performed on the same principle as well as a host of other miscellaneous objects. Hashish falls into four main categories: Since 2003 , the Swiss began to produce hashish and testing different recipes. Production is about 5% of local demand. Three endemic species are named according to the name of the mountain where the plants grow, namely: Sntis the pollux and Pal. Unlike natural grass, hashish is a manufactured artificial. The effects are more boring in general, because of the nature of some of the excipients used, making hashish can cause severe headaches and an overwhelming fatigue. In France , because of its prohibition and therefore lack of control focused on product quality, few are of good quality hashish. According to an independent study conducted by Le Nouvel Observateur , over 70% of hashish tested contain toxic to humans at low doses. The effects of hashish on health are similar to those of cannabis long term. Hashish is a derivative of cannabis , the legislation is identical to the latter. See the page dedicated legislation on cannabis. Extract from the artificial paradise of Charles Baudelaire: Preface by Theophile Gautier for Flowers of Evil 
Production
Manufacturing
Varieties
There are three grades of manufacture: first pass (Special), second pass (00 - double zero), the third and final pass is used to extract a hash which will then be mixed with paraffin , the henna , the plastic variety, etc.. to be sold mainly abroad. Moroccans call it resin, but also hantouka or hartouka or lferchakha. 
Consumption
Health
Legislation
Hashish in art
Citations and online resources
Books
dawamesk
Related articles
References
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