Gerard De Nerval
| Gerard de Nerval | |
 | |
Gerard de Nerval, by Nadar. | |
| Birth name | Gerard Labrunie |
|---|---|
| Activity (s) | poet , novelist, short story writer, playwright |
| Birth | 22 May 1808 Paris ,  French Empire |
| Deaths | 26 January 1855 (46 years) Paris , French Empire |
| Writing language | French |
| Movement (s) | romanticism |
| Major works | |
| Journey to the East Daughters of fire Small castles of Bohemia Little ode The Illuminati Aurelia or dream and life | |
Gerard de Nerval, Grard Labrunie pseudonym, is a writer French , born in Paris on 22 May 1808 and died in Paris on 26 January 1855. He is best known for his poems and short stories.
He was a member of the spree of Happy and merry Shepherds of Syracuse Biography Son of Stephen Labrunie military doctor, and Marie-Antoinette Lawrence daughter of a merchant linger in the street Coquilliere , Gerard de Nerval was born on 22 May 1808 , about 20 hours in Paris at 96 rue Saint Martin (now No. 168). Baptized 23 in Saint-Merri , it is given a few months later a nurse Loisy , nearly Mortefontaine. Appointed on June 8 following a military doctor Deputy Grand Army , Dr. Labrunie doctor and was quickly promoted attached, December 22 , serving the Army of the Rhine . On 29 November 1810 , his mother died at Glogau in Silesia, when she accompanied her husband. From 1808 to 1814 , Gerard was raised by his maternal great-uncle, Anthony Boucher, Mortefontaine , in the countryside of Valois at Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Paris. In spring 1814, Dr. Labrunie found civilian life and moved with her son in Paris, at 72, rue Saint-Martin . Gerard will return regularly in these places mentioned in many of its news. In 1822 , he entered the College Charlemagne , where he met fellow student Theophile Gautier . It was in sixth grade (school year 1823-1824) he composed his first book manuscript remained one hundred forty pages: Poems and Poetry by Gerard L. 1824 he later gives to Arsene Houssaye in 1852 was featured in the exhibition at the Gerard de Nerval Maison de Balzac in Paris in 1981-82 . He has written under the name of Gerard L. a eulogy of Napoleon : Napoleon and France war, national elegies, published Ladvocat and reissued in 1827 by Touquet . The following year he wrote two epistles to Mr. Duponchel hidden under the pseudonym Bellow . From July 1826 , he launched into the satire in the wake of the scandal of the French Academy, who preferred Charles Brifaut to Alphonse de Lamartine . He then composed a lament on the immortality of Mr Briffa (author's spelling), then a piece in the same spirit: The Academy and the members found, which brought him to flunk the competition of the Academy in 1828 . On 28 November 1827 , the Journal of the Library announces the publication of his translation of Faust in volume in 32 which carries the title: Faust, Goethe's tragedy, translated by Gerard ( 1828 ) . On 1 May 1829 , to please his father, Gerard agrees to be a trainee in a notary's office. But he practiced the craft softly. He has other things to do. As a good soldier of romanticism , he was summoned by Victor Hugo to be part of the vamp support Hernani , whose mission Gerard performs willingly (see Battle of Hernani ). 1830 is the year of two revolutions: the revolution in which Gerard takes part romantic, and political revolution, that of the Three Glorious Days on which it is involved in bystander. Politics did not interest him. The barricades have him yet inspired a poem River: The people, its name, glory, his strength, his voice, his virtue, his rest was published in August 1830 in the Mercure de France of the nineteenth century . He published another pamphlet : Farewell to the House of Deputies of the year 1830 or, Go away in old agents, by Father Gerard, a patriot of 1789, awarded the former Bastille (...) and Forward, march! "published in The Cabinet of reading on 4 March 1831 . Gerard has mainly two major projects: an anthology of German poetry and an anthology of French poetry, two books for which he needs a wealth of material to which it accesses through Alexandre Dumas and Pierre-Sbastien Laurentia that make him a map borrowing, thus avoiding wasting time in libraries . The first anthology carries the title of German poetry, Klopstock , Schiller and Brger , Goethe , preceded by a note on the German poets by Mr Gerard. The work is greeted with less enthusiasm than Faust , which the composer Hector Berlioz was inspired for his opera The Damnation of Faust. The second anthology is a selection of poetry of Ronsard , Joachim du Bellay , Jean-Antoine de Baif , Guillaume du Bartas , Jean-Baptiste Chassignet , preceded by an introduction by Mr. Gerard. These two books do not meet a resounding success. But in the fall of 1830, the Upper Room established by Sainte-Beuve to ensure the triumph of Victor Hugo and bringing together writers recognized: Alfred de Vigny , Alfred de Musset , Charles Nodier , Alexandre Dumas , Honor de Balzac , whose Meetings were held Rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs , or Hugo, or the painter Eugene Deveria , brother of Achilles Deveria , this circle began to disperse. As a new coterie is born: the Petit Cenacle, whose leader is the sculptor Jean Bernard Duseigneur receiving in his studio, installed in a greengrocer's shop , where he met Petrus Borel and Celestin Nanteuil before publish The Hand of Glory in September . But it is especially at this time that Nerval wants to write plays in the manner of Hugo. Two of his works are very well received at the Odeon Theatre : Prince of Fools and Lara or atonement. Not all have the same success but Gerard adds an author's name to his name. It becomes Gerard de Nerval, pseudonym adopted in memory of a homestead, Clos de Nerval near Loisy , (common Mortefontaine ). One feature of the Upper Room Breakfast is the propensity of its members heckling, drinking, stuffing, word games and Bousin or bouzingo (Barouf) . This is also the result of one such group events that officers are involved and stop the watch three or four Jeune France is one with which Nerval Theophile Gautier. Confined in the prison of St. Pelagie , Nerval wrote a little poem published soon in The Cabinet of reading 4 September 1831. Again on the night of 2 February 1832 , Young France were arrested, taken for conspirators and this time their sentence is longer , . Nerval comes out of prison only to learn the bad news: the 2 April 1832 , a cholera epidemic has broken out. His father asked him to assist him and Gerard can only accept . He is doctor in 1832, but during the second outbreak in 1849, Gerard (who then signed by Nerval), takes refuge with Alexander Dumas , where he met Franz Liszt. Then he goes on a trip to Switzerland. Upon his return in 1833, Nestor Roqueplan opened the columns of his newspaper: The Charter of 1830. But already another friend (Edward George) offers him to write with him a serial novel , whose action would take place in the Britain of Chouans. The great success in 1829 by The Chouans of Balzac hesitate Nerval . Yet the urge to visit the region Vitre prevails and he returns with a tale: The Auberge de Vitre that operate later in the prologue of his novel Le Marquis de Fayolle, a novel published after his death Nerval in 1856 by Edward George, who has revised and completed . In January 1834 , the death of his maternal grandfather, he inherited about 30,000 francs. Party in the fall in the south of France , it crosses the border, unbeknownst to her father and visited Florence , Rome and Naples. In 1835 , he moved impasse Deanery in the painter Camille Rogier , where a group of romantic finds himself, and founded the World in May dramatic, which makes luxury magazine squander his inheritance and heavily in debt, he must finally sale in 1836. Then making his debut in journalism, he went on a trip to Belgium with Gautier, July-September. In December, he signed for the first time "Gerard de Nerval" in Le Figaro . On 31 October 1837 is created at the Opera-Comique Piquillo music by Monpou; Dumas only sign the book, despite the collaboration of Nerval, Jenny Colon stars . Nerval would love the actress Jenny Colon that he would not do the rendering. According to some commentators, he would have committed an idolatrous worship even after the death of it, and it would be the figure of the lost mother, but also the ideal woman mingling in a syncretism characteristic of his thought, Mary , Isis , the Queen of Sheba , which is debated among scholars of Nerval . During the summer of 1838 , he traveled to Germany with Dumas to prepare Leo Burckart, Room delayed by censorship. After the premiere of The Alchemist, written in collaboration with Dumas, 10 April 1839 , Leo was finally established Burckart Theatre de la Porte-Saint-Martin on April 16. At the same time, he published Le Fort de Bitche ( 25 - 28 June ) in The Messenger and The Two appointments ( 15 - 17 August ) - which later became Gorilla - In The Press. Then in November, he left for Vienna where he met the pianist Marie Pleyel , Embassy of France . Back in France in March 1840 , he replaced Walter, then in Spain , for the serial drama of La Presse. after a third edition of Faust, plus a preface, and fragments of Faust Part II in July, he left in October in Belgium. On December 15 the first place Piquillo to Brussels , where he meets Jenny Colon and Marie Pleyel . After a first attack of madness on 23 February 1841 , he was treated at Madame Sainte-Colombe, street Picpus. On March 1 , Jules Janin publish an obituary in The Debates. After a second crisis, March 21 , he was interned in the clinic of Dr. White Spirit , in Montmartre , from March to November . On 22 December 1842 , Nerval share for the East, passing successively through Alexandria , Cairo , Beirut , Istanbul , Malta and Naples. Back in Paris in the last months of 1843 , he published his first articles on his trip to 1844. In September and October, he left with Arsene Houssaye , director of The Artist , Belgium and the Netherlands. From June to September 1845 , he replaced Walter, then in Algeria , in La Presse . His Voyage en Orient appeared in 1851. He says in a letter to Dr. White dated 22 October 1853 , having been initiated into the mysteries Druze during his visit to Syria, where he reached the rank of "refit", one of the highest in the fraternity. All his work is heavily tinged with esotericism and symbolism , including alchemy. Then he was accused of being unholy, he exclaimed: "Me, no religion? I have seventeen ... at least. " Between 1844 and 1847 , Nerval trip to Belgium , the Netherlands , to London ... and prepares reports and travel impressions. At the same time, he worked as a novelist and author of books of opera and as a translator of poems by his friend Heinrich Heine (book printed in 1848 ). Nerval lived his last years in the material and moral distress. During this period he wrote his major masterpieces, made to purge his emotions on the advice of Dr. White: The Daughters of fire , or Aurelia dream and life ( 1853 - 1854 ). At the bottom of a photographic portrait of him, Gerard de Nerval wrote: "I am the other. " On 26 January 1855 , he was found hanging from the bars of a sewer grate that closed the street from the Old Lantern, to "untie his soul in the darkest street he could find" , according Formula Baudelaire. His friends speculated in a murder perpetrated by intruders during one of his usual walks in disreputable places, but it has certainly committed suicide. However doubts remain as it was found with his hat on his head as he would normally fall due to the agitation caused by strangulation. They found a letter in which he asked 300 francs, a sum which he believes would be enough to survive the winter. The funeral took place at the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris , religious ceremony which was granted despite his alleged suicide because of his mental state. Theophile Gautier and Arsene Houssaye he suffered for a concession to the Pere Lachaise cemetery. Guillaume Apollinaire tells Life anecdotal : Considering that little is done quickly, he put his prose in small increments over ten lines on strips of paper joined together by wafers. A manuscript of a volume represented as five or six hundred parcels, but there was not a word that was not excellent. Everyone has read her charming story called Sylvie. When he was trying to do, he went to spend eight days at Chantilly only to study a sunset he needed. One day in the garden of the Palais Royal, was seen dragging a live lobster Gerard after a blue ribbon. The story circulated in Paris and as his friends were surprised, he replied: How a lobster is it more ridiculous than a dog, a cat, a gazelle, a lion or other beast is that we follow? I feel like lobsters, which are quiet, serious, know the secrets of the sea, do not bark ... Nerval has written all his life, only two novels: Have been published in the nineteenth century with seven pieces of personal Nerval. Securities, or the text, other unpublished documents, we also reached. The two older titles were published in the form of platelets: The following three chapters are resulting from the collaboration between Alexandre Dumas pere and Nerval: Nerval published then: There are still fragments or indications, in manuscript form, the following documents (these documents are not necessarily completed): Following titles, evoked at times by Nerval, nothing remains, and some have probably never been written: Nerval also wrote the following modifications: Youth Gerard de Nerval
First Steps to Success
First follies, first experiments
Writer
Gerard de Nerval seen by Apollinaire
Works
Poetry
Stories, news and stories
Novels
Theatre
Pamphlet
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