Funan
Fu-nan or Funan Phu was a kingdom located near the delta of the Mekong , which was developed before the Khmer empire in the early centuries of our era. The climax of this civilization is in the fifth century AD. Indeed, in the following century, internal conflicts and dynastic tensions began to undermine its stability, facilitating incursions by hostile neighbors, including the Chen-la - which was probably more a confederation of city states that a powerful unitary state - who succeeded in the seventh century to the Funan his vassal.
Summary |
General
Fu-nan was called a kingdom Indianized, that is to say that the archaeological remains of Hindu culture, the remains are inscriptions written in Sanskrit and the ruling classes were thus likely to crop and Brahmanic religion. (See article Indianization of the Indochinese peninsula ). It is the first state and is generally Indianised considd by Cambodians as the oldest Khmer kingdom.
The first capital located Vyadhapura , near modern Phnom Penh then moved to Oc Eo later.
History
Fu-nan is mentioned for the first time in the description of a Chinese expedition in the country in the third century (the very name of Fu-nan is derived from the Chinese reading of the ancient Khmer word bnam Culture
Archaeological remains suggesting that the kingdom was under strong influence of Indian culture. The Sanskrit , the ancient language of religious literature and mythology of India, was the language of the court, with, as the dominant religion of Hinduism until the fifth century and later, various Buddhist tendencies. However, after modification of the Sanskrit alphabet in the spread of this language, a local writing system was created.
Taxes were paid with gold, silver, pearls and precious woods. According to Chinese control, slavery was commonplace and ordeals were used to dispense justice (the legal system was modeled on that of India, the Code of Manu. In addition, court ceremonies and structures policies were based on imported models
In 263, a band of Fu-nan impressed on tour in China as the Chinese emperor that he ordered the creation of an institute of music Founanaise near Nanking. Chinese witnesses have reported large collections of books and archives, suggesting a fairly high level of schooling.
History of Southern Qi gives a description of the kingdom at the time of King Jayavarman ( 478 - 514 ): The people of Funan are smart and clever. They take by force the inhabitants of nearby towns that do not render their tribute into their slaves. As commodities, they have gold, silver, silks Inhabitants
According to a Chinese mission came to Fu-nan between 245 and 250, people are "ugly and black with curly hair, going naked and barefoot."
Sources
- Coed, George , The Peoples of the Indochinese peninsula, Dunod, 1962.
- Albert Herrmann , "Der Sinus Magnus und nach Cattigara Ptolemaeus", Proceedings of 15me International Geographical Congress, Amsterdam, 1938, Leiden, Brill, 1938, Volume II, Sec. IV, Historical Geography and History of Geography, pp.123-8.
- Louis Malleret , The Archaeology of the Mekong Delta, Volume Three, The Culture of Fu-nan, Paris, 1962, chap.XXV, "Oc-Eo and Kattigara", pp.421-54.
- Adhir K. Chakravarti , "Early Sino-Indian Maritime Trade and Fu-Nan," DC Sircar (ed.), Early Indian Trade and Industry, Calcutta University of Calcutta Centre of Advanced Study in Ancient Indian History and Culture, Lectures and Seminars, no. VIII-A, part I, 1972, pp.101-117.
- John Caverhill , "Some Attempts to ascertainable The Utmost Extent of the Knowledge of the Ancients in the East Indies", Philosophical Transactions, vol.57, 1767, pp.155-174.
- GE Gerini , Researches are Ptolemy's geography of Eastern Asia (Further India and Indo-Malay archipelago), London, Royal Asiatic Society, Asiatic Society Monographs vol.1, 1909, pp.194, 213.
References
See also
| Africa | Axum Carthage  Egyptians Kush Nok Numidia |
| America | See " Pre-Columbian civilization "(in this continent, the concept of antiquity extends until its discovery by Europeans). |
| West Asia | Akkadian  Armenian Assyrians Babylonians Israel / Jews Hittites " Ancient Persia " Elamites , Achaemenids , Parthian , Sassanid Phoenicians Scythians Sumerians |
| Europe | Celtic Etruscan Germanic Greek Huns Italics Minoans Mycenaeans Romans |
| Far East and India | Champs " Ancient China ": Shang , Zhou , Spring and Autumn Period , Warring States , Qin , Han , Three Kingdoms , Sixteen Kingdoms Funan Indus |
| Category "Civilization" Category "Ancient" Portal of the ancient world Portal archeology | |
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