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Doric

The Doric is the simplest, most stripped of the three orders Greeks. Doric columns are characterized by their tent at spine flat (bare, without sets), their was decorated with 20 spline and the absence of base (for the Greek Doric), the Doric frieze is characterized by its triglyphs and metopes.

The Doric is the oldest of the Greek orders (it appears in the second half of the ^seventh century BC. ) Vitruvius attributes its invention to Dorus (Doros), son of Hellnos ^History

The Parthenon.

The protodorique should be seen in Egypt in the tombs of Beni-Hassan ( IX ^centuryBC. ?). Some similarities are undeniable, but it was in Greece only that the Doric has been applied, although there are still some pseudo-Doric monuments in Egypt. What characterizes it is the absence of base: the column rests directly on bedrock general. It is usually shaped tapered ; on the barrel are dug grooves wide with sharp edges, shallow and ended up in a straight line. The tent does not have an astragalus , but only one or several nets that separate the grooves of the torus. The latter, which is called loin (Greek echinos, bowl), has a flared, raised much the shaft of the column, and supports a square slab, without molding, called abacus or abacus. The entablature offers the same character of simplicity and strength, the architrave is very high and completely smooth, the frieze decorated with triglyphs (vertical grooves) and metopes (depressions sometimes smooth, sometimes carved), is the part richer, and the cornice , which presents profiles very simple, is distinguished by Mutula inclined, which, according to Vitruvius, simulate the forces of the roof. To add to the character of energy and strength, the Greeks sometimes reduces intercolumniation to such a size that seem to touch the abacus. Moreover, the proportions of the various members of this order have been in Greece itself, changes rather sensitive. Thus, the decrease of the barrel varies from quarter to half the diameter less, and instead to stand in a straight line, it is sometimes interrupted by a slight bulge (entasis), as seen clearly in the temple of Paestum.

Five solutions to the conflict of angles in the Doric temples:
I. Do nothing and allow to exceed the last column ...
II. Extend the last metope;
III. Extend the last triglyph;
IV. Reduce the space between the last two columns;
V. Add an empty segment at the end.

Description

The prototype of the Doric column is a column of wood topped with a smooth stone or granular, which became the marquee (at Olympia , Pausanias , traveler of ^second century , saw the original wooden columns of the temple of Hera still site). Doric columns were very oldest squat (the first temple on Aegina Aphaia) and then refined over time. Similarly, the capital, flattened, straightened, and in the Hellenistic period, barely deviates from the keg.

The height of the column , compared to smaller diameter sizes between 4 and 5 diameters 3 / 4; intercolumniations size is 1 diameter; the report of the entablature to the column is approximately 1 to 3; the height of the architrave is usually 3 / 4 in diameter than the frieze of a diameter that of the cornice , to 1 / 4 in diameter than the capital, including the spine, and the abacus the nets, 1 / 2 diameter. The number of splines of the shaft varies from sixteen to twenty-four. Each triglyph falls directly below the middle of each column and the middle of each intercolumniation, except triglyph each end, which is reported at the corner of the entablature.

Besides these differences in proportions and divisions, the Doric was known in Greece, changes quite remarkable character and style. The frieze of the Parthenon is decorated with bas-reliefs. The best application that has been made of this system architecture is seen in Athens in the Propylaea and the Parthenon.

The Doric order is the order par excellence, whose other orders are only emanations. This was the system architecture that the Greeks employed in many of their monuments.

The Romans did undergo significant alterations in the Doric: the order in slenderness won, but lost strength and majesty form ceased to be a pyramid. The tent was primarily affected: the spine and the abacus became less salient. The height of the entablature was reduced. triglyphs multiplied between intercolumniations. The cornice was given a chair rail, a drip , and even denticles he was given a third of the height of the entablature , instead of the fifth, and were reduced in inverse proportion to the size of the architrave.

Both the Greek Doric is robust, vibrant and proud, as his descendant Roman lacks firmness of character, of majesty.