Domus
The domus is home to the city of Rome in the Roman times. During the last centuries of the Republic and under the Roman Empire , the term refers to the home of the wealthy classes , as opposed to the Insula , building rental.
Summary |
Origin of the domus
The term domus is very old: it dates back to an etymology Indo-European (* dom-) which meant the family over three generations, and originated from root-dem-, build. The domus is the Roman family home, whose family head is called dominus and again reflecting the close link between the house and its walled garden.
The Domus Classic == ==. The urbanization of Rome, the population increases, the enrichment of the aristocracy led a diversification of housing: the domus means the residence of one family, and differs from the insula , investment property populated by tenants living together and villa , first farm and rural residence outside the walls. For the domus, the houses are very livable and comfortable.
The family living there has no contact with people lying on the floor because no window communicates with the street. The family is then free from the hustle and bustle. Each domus expresses social status ("a set of rights and obligations under socially determined values prevailing in a particular cultural group") of its owner and its authority to. The domus is also equipped with toilets, latrinae (some of these toilets overlooking the road and are semi-public, in exchange for some money). In the more wealthy and dominant, the dominant inhabitants of these can even enjoy private baths. The decor in these houses is especially well refined based on the wealth of the owner (mosaics, murals, ...). Another great style houses in this period was the insula (Pl insulae in Latin). The insulae are housing construction (buildings), which appear at the end of the second century BC. AD, these are multi-storey buildings designed to accommodate more modestly many families on small areas. But unlike the dominant, small balconies and windows overlook the busy and bustling road. In their small apartments, families have no access to water, then they must engage the services of Aquarius (Water Bearer small public for a modest fee).
The structure of the domus meets the need of social relations that promote any significant family: a room in the axis of the entrance of the domus, the atrium is designed to accommodate customers come from the boss. Domus is synonymous with house atrium.
The Pompeian domus
The excavations at Pompeii uncovered domus complete. Although certainly different from those built in Rome, they gave the standard model of the domus.
The domus in Pompeii consisted of one to two levels; she was sometimes the whole plot of the insula.
The first part, on the street, consisted of stalls (tabernae) (2) (generally rented to artisans and merchants, with the top piece) flanking the lobby entrance (fauces) (1). The visitor then reached the atrium (3), half piece protected by a roof. The opening of the roof ( compluvium ) allows rainwater to fill the basin ( catchment area ) (4), central atrium. On either side are distributed reception rooms (meeting room or tablinum (5), or oecus lounge, dining room (6) or triclinium ) and kitchens (9), and bedrooms (cubicles) (8 ). The domestic chapel (or lararium lararium ) occupies a corner of the atrium (7).
At the bottom of the domus were eventually baths (the habit is to go to the baths public) and / or a small garden (Hortus) surrounded by a colonnade (11) and sometimes decorated with a pool (12) or a fountain. Upstairs, there are small reception rooms and bedrooms.
Example domus in Pompeii
Atrium
Peristyle of the House of Vetti
The imperial domus
Subsequently, emperors like Nero 's Domus transform into a veritable palace. He planned to transfer the traditional residence of the emperors of the Domus Tiberiana the Domus Transitoria he projected. Neighborhoods populated hindered his plans and only after the fire at 64 he could begin construction of a grand palace but ephemeral to be called the Domus Aurea.
Notes
- John Haudry , The Indo-European, PUF, Que sais-je, No. 1965, 1st edition 1981
- Pierre Grimal , Roman civilization,
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