Dolomites
| Dolomites | |
 Location map of the Dolomites. | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Altitude | 3343 m, Marmolada |
| Solid | Alps |
| Administration | |
| Country |  Italy |
| Geology | |
| Rocks | Sedimentary rocks |
change  | |
12 9 '47 "East / 46.61306, 12.16306
Italy Buffer zone: 98,512 ha
Identification
** UNESCO Geographical Classification
The Dolomites (Italian are a massive southern eastern Alps. They rise in Italy ( Trentino-Alto Adige and Veneto ). Since June 26, 2009, the Dolomites are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage.
In a broad sense, they are also a set of Alpine composed of Fiemme Alps and foothills Vicenza.
They take their name from the " dolomite "limestone of marine origin named by Nicolas Theodore de Saussure in honor Deodat Gratet Dolomieu , the French geologist of the eighteenth century who was the first to review it. Before this recent designation altogether, they were commonly called Pallidi Monti, the "pale mountains".
With its 3343 meters of altitude, the Marmolada is the highest mountain.
Summary |
Geography
Situation
The boundaries of the massif are quite variable depending on your point of view, but traditionally, they are such that it is surrounded by the Zillertal Alps and Hohe Tauern in the north of the Alps Carnic north-east of the foothills Carnic east , of Vicenza foothills south-west, Fiemme Alps to the west and the Alps Sarntal northwest.
It is bordered by the Isarco north-west, Rienza north and the Piave to the west.
Partition
- Sella Massif
- Massif of the Marmolada
- Massif Tofane
- Massif Sassolungo
- Geislerspitzen
- Massive Puez
- Massif Fanes
- Sciliar
- Catinaccio
- Marmarole
- Massif Schiara
- Dolomites Britches
- Dolomites of Sesto
- Vette Feltrine
- Monti del Sole
- Blade
- Civetta
- CADINI
Major peaks
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Major valleys
- Vallada Agordina
- Valle d'Ampezzo
- Val Badia
- Valle del Biois
- Valle del Boite
- Val Comelico
- Valle del Cordevole
- Val d'Ega
- Val di Fassa
- Val Fiorentina
- Val of Funes
- Val Gardena
- Val di Landro
- Val Livinallongo
- Valle d'Oten
- Valle del Primiero
- Val di Rabbi, or Fodom (in Ladino )
- Val di San Lugano
- Val di Sole
- Valbelluna
- Val di Zoldo
Main road passes
- Sella Pass, 2244 m
- Col Pordoi , 2239 m
- Col Giau, 2236 m
- Col Valparola, 2192 m
- Gardena Pass, 2136
- Falzarego Pass, 2105 m
- Col Fedaia, 2057 m
- Col. Valles, 2031
- Rolle Pass, 1984 m
- San Pellegrino Pass, 1918 m
- Campolongo Pass, 1875 m
- Tre Croci Pass, 1805 m
- Col Staulanza, 1773 m
- Col Costalunga, 1741 m
- Col Duran, 1601 meters
- Cereda Pass, 1369 m
Major lakes
- Lake Alleghe
- Auronzo Lake (artificial)
- Lake Britches
- Lake Dobbiaco
- Lake Fedaia (artificial)
- Lake Landro
- Lake Misurina
- Lake Pieve di Cadore (artificial)
- Lake S. Croce
Geology
The Dolomites were spectacular, there are millions of years, a clump of coral. Strongholds dolomitic consist largely of coral reefs fossilized who grew up in the Tethys in the late Triassic lower. These rocks are called dolomites and carry different variants of names depending on their precise nature and location.
Geomorphological speaking, the break is between the Alps and the hilly steep limestone reefs. These amount in a vigorous burst, sometimes upright, to a height of about 3000 meters and are flattened at the top. Hence the aspect so singularly "architecture" of the Dolomites, which comes in an impressive formal variety: dungeons, turrets, steeples, cupolas, circuses, fortresses and walls dmenteles dominate all of a block of forest landscapes or pasture.
The clear delineation and the modest extent of the massive explain their multiplicity, and that of short valleys that separate them, linked by many passes. These were once covered with massive glaciers, notable, but now the only extant is that of the Marmolada. Unlike other mountain limestone , the Dolomites have virtually no caves and the phenomenon of karst is almost nonexistent.
This relief plateau present on most of the links and its lunar landscapes have inspired Dino Buzzati 's novel The Desert of the Tartars and are behind a series of drawings and paintings by Zoran Music around 1975.
Vegetation
The pastures are numerous. On its western flank the massive account including the largest pastures in Europe: the Alpe di Siusi. Up to 1800 m north side ( shady ) and 2200 m sunny side ( south-facing slope ), vegetation is formed mainly by forests of conifers : spruce , fir and pine , and higher stone pine and mountain pine.
Number of flower species are protected: the bellflower , the crocus , the columbine of the Dolomites, the orchid in the Alps, the edelweiss , the eye of the Alps , the yarrow the Alps, etc.. Many pastures are known for their magnificence and prosperity in the spring.
Climate
The climate of the Dolomites in general is mainly continental. In the summer it rains a lot, suddenly the pastures are very green and the peak of precipitation is reached in July, with 130-135 mm in the Sella massif, for example. In autumn, the early snows generally provide a good white coat for the winter. Temperatures are significantly lower than those recorded in the western Alps, and even the rest of the Eastern Alps. January and December are the coldest months, while July and August are the sweetest. However, the sudden arrival of a cold air mass can bring snowfall in midsummer.
History
Population
The Dolomites are home to the Ladin language and form the border between the German and Italian. Ladin minorities live mainly from the four valleys Sella Val Gardena, Val di Fassa Valley Cordevole ( Livinallongo ) and Val Badia.
Historical Events
Migration of populations led to the Dolomites the Ladin linguistic field, although partially Germanized, with the appearance of Tyrol and the integration of Trentino in the Holy Roman Empire from the Middle Ages , by the settlers Bavariya , and despite the current upturn in Italian from the south while Ladin has long fought for its survival.
The border between Germany or rather the Austria and Italy went through the Middle Ages to the Napoleonic and during the period 1866 to 1918 , by the Dolomites. It roughly followed the current boundary between the Autonomous Province of Bolzano on one hand and the Trentino and Veneto other hand, apart from Cortina and the upper valley of Cordevole, who were Austrian.
In 1915 , when Italy entered the war alongside the Allies , the front moves along the border in the mountains. The Italians, despite their offensive only succeed in Cortina and occupy the upper valley of the Cordevole. In many places, traces of war (rock tunnels, fortifications, rusted shrapnel) are still visible, especially the bombing of the Col di Lana. Many footpaths were then current supply routes.
Activities
Stations Winter Sports
- Alleghe
- Auronzo di Cadore
- Badia
- Bressanone
- Brunico
- Campitello di Fassa
- Canazei
- Castelrotto
- Cortina d'Ampezzo
- Corvara in Badia
- Dobbiaco
- Falcade
- Marebbe
- Moena
- Nova Levante
- Ortisei
- Pozza di Fassa
- Predazzo
- Rocca Pietore
- San Martino di Castrozza
- Santa Cristina Val Gardena
- Selva di Val Gardena
- Sesto
- Olang
- Vigo di Fassa
- Voltago Agordino
Mountaineering
Playground Walter Bonatti, it is in the Dolomites found ways to lace techniques and the most beautiful via ferrata that find their origin in the early twentieth century. The rock lends itself particularly well to this kind of practice.
In particular, the Sella massif offers magnificent routes and is considered a paradise for climbers.
A cable leads from the top of the neck Pordoi Pordoi Sass, leaving many ski racing through the Sella massif. Another race, probably the most famous is that part of the Val MESD and achieves after an hour of walking the Sella plateau. The route is narrow and steep. These races are for very good skiers.
It is also possible to travel around the Sella (Sella Ronda) by four valleys: Fassa Livinallongo, Badia and Gardena.
Hiking
The Dolomites are traversed by ten different hiking trails. The link of Schiara lends itself very well to this practice.
Environment
South of the massif, in the Belluno region , above the valley of the Piave , is since 1990 the National Park bellunesi Dolomites , an area of 31,512 ha.
In addition, many regional parks have been created, such as those of Puez-Geisler, Fanes-Purse-Prags of Sciliar-Catinaccio Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino, or the Dolomites of Sesto.
Local economy
Through the activities mentioned above, the windfall is the main mass tourism both in summer and winter.
But farming in the pastures by the people practiced the traditional way also a tourist attraction and is mainly practiced today for artisanal food production, so that its original function has lost its importance.
In some areas of the Dolomites, the crafts typical (wood carvings) has a great tradition and is an important economic role.
Gallery
The Sassopiatto dusk
The Monte Civetta
The Monte Pelmo
The Antelao
See also
Related articles
External Links
- (Of) the Dolomites Photo Gallery
- (In) Portal Dolomites and South Tyrol
- Presentation of the Dolomites (history, geography)
- Dolomites Dolomites Portal (en) (de) (en)
Sources
- (De) This article is partially or entirely from the article in German entitled " Dolomiten "(see the list of authors )
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