In French Grammar , the demonstrative pronoun is a subcategory of pronoun expressing an idea of It is used to indicate that the object is represented, either in the text, either in space or time, defined by the utterance situation.

• In the category of determinants , the correspondent of the demonstrative pronoun is demonstrative adjective. The demonstrative pronoun is therefore equivalent to a name preceded by a demonstrative adjective:

This hat, I brought from Dieppe; this, I brought in Chalkidiki.

The phrase "This hat is updated by the demonstrative adjective" this ", while the demonstrative pronoun" that one "equals" then this hat. "

Morphology

Some demonstrative pronouns depend on the type and number , while others remained neutral. Moreover, like what happens to the demonstrative adjective, pronoun forms can be strengthened through adverbial particle "will" or "there" (for "that here" and that "this" ).

Basic Shapes

• The simple forms of the demonstrative pronoun variable are as follows:

- In the singular: "he" in the masculine, and "that" the feminine;

- Plural "those" in the masculine, and "those" feminine.

• There is only one simple form neutral demonstrative pronoun "this" (which is elided before a word beginning with a vowel).

Forms strengthened

Recall first that there are two strong forms (or compound forms), form the next (by "it") and form distant (in "there" or "it").

• The stronger forms of the demonstrative pronoun variable have the appearance of a compound with hyphens: "it", "this one", "thereof", "this one", "them" "those", "them" and "them there".

• The stronger forms of the demonstrative pronoun neutral have the appearance of a compound agglutinated "this" "it" and the contraction "it."

From the perspective of spelling , against all odds, the pronoun "it" is spelled with an "a" without grave accent.

• If French has only two degrees of remoteness, Spanish for example three, and other languages further: as the Malagasy in six distinct ^{Representation}

  Like what happens to the adjective, the demonstrative pronoun can replace a term in the context of the above (depending anaphoric ) or below (depending cataphoric ) the pronoun in question, or designate a referent , most often through a gesture that is to say, refer to something extralinguistic caught in the situation of enunciation (the deictic function ). It can be either a textual representation , a representative benchmark.

  • In writing, the demonstrative pronoun is always a representative text ( anaphora or cataphora ):

  Playing in the living room, small Sandrine broke a vase. Fortunately, it was worthless.

  The anaphoric pronoun "it" refers to the noun phrase "a vase", which is its antecedent.

  When an anaphor or cataphora the neutral pronoun can replace an adjective, another pronoun, a proposal, a sentence ... or, more simply, any idea expressed in the text:

  Do not commit this action, it would be shameful!

  The neutral pronoun anaphoric "it" has a history "idea to commit this action."

  • At the oral, the demonstrative pronoun is most often representing Repository:

  "What's that? "Melanie, frowning, his daughter Sandra showed the broken vase in the middle of the show ...

  The pronoun "it" means an object not named in the speech ("The Broken Vase"). In the absence of antecedent or so, this pronoun can only be a representative benchmark, more precisely, a deictic.

  Agreement

  The rules of agreement are different for the presence of a demonstrative pronoun variable ("one") or a neutral demonstrative pronoun ("what").

  Pronoun demonstrative variable

  • When the demonstrative pronoun is a variable representing text , he agrees with the type and number of its antecedent or its consequent:

  I love flowers and the ones you offered me, are particularly beautiful.

  • When the demonstrative pronoun is a variable representing repository , it must designate human beings, and in this case is consistent with the sex of its referent:

  Let those who have never sinned cast the first stone him!

  Pronoun demonstrative neutral

  • As usual, the neutral is always given in the masculine singular:

  All this I do not care. What is rare is not necessarily expensive.

  Syntax and Semantics stronger forms

  Whether neutral or variable, the demonstrative pronoun is used as a reinforced phrase nominal and is almost all functions in this category:

  It eats an apple Syntax of the pronoun "he"

  The simple pronoun "he" (and its inflections "that, those") is almost always a representative text. It is never used alone, but follow-up, a relative subordinate clause or a prepositional noun phrase. The simple pronoun "he" is equivalent to the name he represents (the antecedent ) updated by a definite article. The segment that follows can be analyzed as a satellite (or an expansion of the name ) of this history, allowing a comprehensive update of it.

  • When the pronoun "he" is followed by a relative pronoun ("who, what, where or where) is generally considered that these two relative pronouns form a phrase (in which, moreover, can fit a preposition ):

  He who speaks is my neighbor. Syntax of the pronoun "it"

  The neuter pronoun "it" contrary to "this", "this" and "it" is usually used in combination with other elements, or in frozen expressions.

  Pronoun "it" followed by a subordinate

  The demonstrative pronoun "this" is often followed by a subordinate clause , which can be either relative or indirect interrogative, or conjunctiva. It is generally assumed that this pronoun, then associated with a subordinate ( relative pronoun , interrogative tool indirect or subordinating conjunction , as appropriate) forms with the latter a phrase (phrase relative indirect interrogative phrase, or ou, as the case ):

  I already know what you want to talk to me. You do what you want.

  The phrases "what" and "what" are phrases related. Each subject determinative relative ("what you want me to talk to me" and "what you want") can be analyzed as COD tense.

  We do not know what's bothering you. Tell me what you see.

  The phrases "what" and "what" are indirect interrogative phrases. Each conditional indirect interrogative ("what's bothering you" and "what you see) can be analyzed as COD tense.

  She expects that he leaves her.

  The phrase "that" is a phrase conjunctiva. The subject "that it leaves her" is a conjunctive IOC completive verb "expect".

  Pronoun "it" combined with the verb "be"

  We note first that the pronoun "it" accepts the inversion of the subject, remaining sluggish, like the personal pronoun spouse "I":

  Would he? Is it nearly finished?

  • The pronoun "it" knows various fixed jobs with the verb "be" (very often, "it" or "it is").

  Verbal Phrase presentative

  The pronoun "it" may be part of a verbal phrase said to exhibit, to highlight a linguistic element or a referent (ie, in this manual, may be representative or representative textual reference). This phrase, consisting of "it" is often correlated with a relative pronoun:

  It's the person I spoke to you. It was the house where I spent my vacation.

  • This phrase normally present is at the third-person singular ("is, it will be, it was ..."). However, in the register maintained when the following element is the third person plural, it is best to use: "it is, it will, it was ... "

  This is my business. It was your parents. It was a wonderful vacation.

  In the current register: "This is my business. It was your parents. It's been a wonderful vacation. "

  Other combinations

  • The pronoun "it" may be a representative benchmark Undetermined:

  It is beautiful! This is beautiful! It was magnificent!

  • The pronoun "it" may be a representative text ( anaphora or cataphora ) forming a tautology :

  This garden, that is a marvel! These pastes, that is a delight!

  Pronoun "it" in other jobs

  • In the literary language, the pronoun "it" sometimes replaces the neutral pronoun strengthened:

  This sounds like a great idea.

  To: "That sounds like a great idea."

  So saying, he resumed his work.

  To: "Saying this, he resumed his work. "

  • Various jobs:

  With that, goodbye.

  To: "With these words, goodbye. .

  She accompanies the children of his neighbors to school, looking after them, feed them sometimes, and this, quite voluntarily.

  The pronoun "it" representing sentential, refers to all the above, so that the segment entirely volunteer "to become satellite of precedent.

  Popular Shapes

  In oral literature and popular speech imitating can find forms:

  • Cui (= that), Cui it (= it), Cui and there (this one =)
    • Hence, Cui What fate then?
  • those who dare (= those, people)
    • The ceusses would have no ticket, this way!

  Forms czigue (s) (= this, these; variant czigue (s) pasty) belong to register slang.

  References

  1. See the Malagasy Grammar.

  Related articles

  • Anaphora and cataphora
  • Completion
  • Determinant
  • Shifter
  • Enunciation
  • List of terms used in linguistics
  • Name
  • Pronoun
  • Indefinite pronoun
  • Personal pronoun
  • Possessive pronoun
  • Relative pronoun
  • Syntax

  • Portal Language

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