Deer
Deer
Classification
Reign	Animalia
Branch	Chordata
Sub-ember.	Vertebrata
Class	Mammalia
Order	Cetartiodactyla
Suborder	Ruminantia
Family
Cervidae Goldfuss , 1820
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Deer (Cervidae, Latin cervus: stag, from the Greek : horned), form a family of mammalian ruminants with an even number of fingers, which includes among others the deer , the deer , the reindeer and deer.

Terminology

• The word " calf "can refer to the young of various species, notably deer, deer, deer, reindeer.
• The devil is a young deer from six months to one year, which does not even wood.
• The brocket is a young deer that bears its first timber.
• The stag is a male a year in deer.

• For some species the female has a specific name:
  • deer: doe ;
  • deer: doe ;
  • buck: doe.

Main features

The special deer is wearing wood , bone fallen bodies present on the heads of males. There are some exceptions:

• among the reindeer , both sexes have antlers;
• in some species, the wood is absent ( Hydropotes inermis ), or the condition of remains (genera Pudu and Mazama ).

The deer are the last great wild ruminants of temperate regions. Worldwide, there are forty-four species distributed in seventeen genera.

The most common deer in the forests of Europe are red deer, Cervus elaphus , roe deer, Capreolus capreolus , fallow deer, Dama dama , meanwhile, is no longer present in the wild. In Scandinavia , it adds the reindeer, Rangifer tarandus , and moose, Alces alces , also present in Central Europe. Other species have been naturalized in Europe and can meet there occasionally, such as the sika deer, Cervus nippon.

They are clearly divided into two phylogenetically coherent sets: one Palaearctic and Asian: European deer, the other Nearctic and Neotropical : American deer. Only three species are beyond the rule, with a distribution Holarctic : red deer or elk in America, reindeer, or caribou, and elk, or moose.

The size of deer varies from that of a hare for the pudu to that of a great horse for momentum.

Species lists

They are divided into four subfamilies:

• Subfamily Capreolinae including deer , the elk , the brockets the poudous ...:
  • genus Capreolus :
    • Capreolus capreolus , the deer
  • genus Alces :
    • Alces alces , the elk or moose.
  • genus Odocoileus
    • Odocoileus hemionus
    • Odocoileus virginianus , the deer , often called "deer" in North America
  • kind Ozotoceros
    • Ozotoceros bezoarticus or pampas deer.
  • genus Mazama
    • Mazama americana , the red brocket.
    • Mazama bricenii , the Mazama dwarf gray.
    • Mazama Chunyi , the dwarf brocket.
    • Mazama gouazoubira , the gray brocket.
    • Mazama nana , the dwarf Mazama.
    • Mazama pandora
    • Mazama rufina
  • genus Pudu
    • Pudu mephistophiles
    • Pudu puda
  • kind Blastocerus
    • Blastocerus dichotomus , the swamp deer.
  • kind Hippocamelus
    • Hippocamelus antisensis the guemal Peru.
    • Hippocamelus bisulcus the guemal Chile or huemul.
  • genus Rangifer
    • Rangifer tarandus , the reindeer or caribou.
• Subfamily Cervinae including deer (Axis, Elk, Sika deer ...), the deer ...:
  • type Axis
    • Axis axis , the axis deer.
  • genus Cervus
    • Cervus canadensis , the elk. (Formerly Cervus elaphus elk)
    • Cervus (Ruvervus) duvaucelii the barasinga.
    • Cervus (Ruvervus) Eldi , the Eld's deer.
    • Cervus (Ruvervus) Schomburgk , the Schomburgk deer , disappeared in the thirties.
    • Cervus elaphus , the red deer.
    • Cervus mariannus , the deer in the Philippines.
    • Cervus nippon , the Sika deer.
  • genus Dama
    • Dama dama , the deer.
    • Dama mesopotamica , the Persian fallow deer. Sometimes considered a subspecies of the preceding Dama dama mesopotamica.
  • kind Elaphurus
    • Elaphurus davidianus
• subfamily Hydropotinae
  • kind Hydropotes
    • Hydropotes inermis , water deer from China.
• subfamily Muntiacinae
  • genus Muntiacus
    • Muntiacus atherodes
    • Muntiacus crinifrons
    • Muntiacus feae
    • Muntiacus gongshanensis
    • Muntiacus muntjak , or barking deer.
    • Muntiacus putaoensis
    • Muntiacus reevesi
    • Muntiacus trungsonensis
    • Muntiacus vuquangensis
  • kind Elaphodus
    • Elaphodus Cephalophus

See also

Deer painted by Gustave Courbet.

• Horned god

References taxonomic

• Reference Tree of Life Web Project : Cervidae (fr)
• Reference Fauna Europaea : Cervidae (fr)
• Reference The Paleobiology Database : Cervidae (fr)
• Reference ITIS : Cervidae (en) ( + version (en))
• Reference Animal Diversity Web : Cervidae (fr)
• Reference NCBI : Cervidae (fr)
• Reference CITES : Cervidae family (on the website of the UNEP - WCMC ) (IMDb)

External Links

• (En) Detailed drawing of the antler
• A website dedicated to deer (IMDb)

Iconography

Lucas Cranach the Elder , Paradis, Vienna

• The deer are among the most represented animal bestiary parietal Palaeolithic and the attribute of St. Eustatius and Julian the Hospitaller . A deer cruciferous accompanying representations of St. Hubert , patron saint of hunters . The deer is present in some representations of earthly paradise, and those of the animals into the Ark of Noah.
• In the secular art, deer figure in the hunting scenes. With the wolf and the dog, it is melancholy in the representations of the temperaments and moods .

Kite

Despite the spelling of the word in French, the term kite probably has no connection with the deer, but mean "flying serpent" (Old French serp-flying) .

References

• Mammals portal

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