In language , the dative is a grammatical case expressing the indirect object or second, that is to say the actant said (not to be confused with the case benefaction ). It is called dative because it means the person who is given ( Latin : do, das, dare, dedi, datum, "give"): it marks the additional allocation. Eg in Latin:

• Fluvius dat camp fecunditatem o 'the river brings the field fertility " Overview

  If we place ourselves in a classical optical grammar, there is a dative case in French, although very limited. For example, when you said I gave him the book, it functions as a dative, because this word is the indirect object. So we can say that he and she are registered him ( "to him, she") dative. In the current grammar of French, these words from the Latin grammatical tradition, however, are usually avoided.

  In German and ancient Greek , the dative also expresses a locative (as opposed to accusative marking a directed movement) but also the indirect object. The modern German and especially that spoken in southern Germany to replace the genitive by the dative in many cases. Ex:

  • wegen dem Wetter schlecht in (instead of: wegen schlecht in the Wetter s) "because of bad weather"

  
  Also many sentences begin with a dative in German and Russian. Ex:

  • Mir ist die Vase kaputt gegangen "I broke (unintentionally) the vase "(lit." to me is the vessel went off ")

  Russian, in particular, frequent use of impersonal expressions in the dative. Ex:

  • , , , 25 "I need, it's time for me, I'm cold, I'm 25."

  
  In many languages, you can use the dative or a preposition to mark possession (equivalent of the verb "avoir" in French) . For example, in Latin , is more likely to say 'is mihi liber " The "ethical dative"

  Called ethical dative (sometimes: dative expletive , or dative of interest) construction syntax involving a dative that is not an indirect object (it has no role in the statement). Ex:

  • Look at that rascal who likes this yum

  References

  1. Example borrowed from the dictionary of linguistics, ed. George Mounin, Quadriga / PUF, 2006 ( ISBN 2-13-0538819 )
  2. See also article Possessive.
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