Dada
Dada, Dada also said, is an intellectual movement, literary and artistic, between 1916 and 1925 was characterized by a challenge, like the clean sweep of all conventions and ideological, artistic and political.
Despite the First World War , Dada enjoyed rapid international spread.
This movement has put forward the spirit of childhood, playing with the conventions and agreements, the rejection of reason and logic, extravagance, mockery and humor. Its artists wanted disrespectful, extravagant, displaying an utter disregard for the "oldies" of the past like this that remained. They sought greater freedom of creativity, which they used for all materials and shapes available. They also wanted the freedom in language, they loved opera and heterogeneous.
Summary |
Creating Dada
The term Dada was born in May 1916 in Zurich (Switzerland) by the grace of the poet Hugo Ball , Tristan Tzara and artists Jean Arp , Marcel Janco , Sophie Taeuber-Arp. They invest a large tavern, one of the Spiegelgasse 1 in the district Niederdorf transform it into literary caf and arts and renamed the " Cabaret Voltaire ".
The most common version of the origin of the word is that of random fun: a dictionary opened at random and a paper cutter that falls on the word "dada". In response to the absurdity and tragedy of the First World War, they christened the movement they have created in that name and also in opposition to all movements ending in-ism. Dada is "neither a dogma nor a school but rather a constellation of individuals and veneers free", stated at the time Tristan Tzara. Eclectic, spontaneous, Dada has also emerged as a movement without a true leader. Dadaists were all presidents.
According to Giovanni Lista , it was rather a deliberate attempt to anchor the movement in a return to the values of childhood:
- In the late nineteenth century , when the controversy over the exact representation of the horse in art, the painter Paul Gauguin said: "As for me, I fell in my childhood to my hobby."
- Hugo Ball , founder of the movement said, before the war, he must "save the little wooden horse." What will motivate them to give this name to the movement. He noted in his diary dated 18 April 1916: "Dada means" yes, yes "in Romanian," rocking horse "and" fad "in French. For Germans, this is a sign of naivete a little crazy, very close link between the joy of procreation and the concern for the baby carriage. " Development of Dada
Shortly before the end of the war, Dadaists movements are created in major German cities Berlin , Hannover and Cologne. The various "Manifests" manage to Paris , despite censorship and "brainwashing" against any "Germanism".
Succeeding revolts and solitary individual against Western civilization - Arthur Rimbaud was "the beauty sitting on his lap and found it bitter" - crystallized by the test of conflict of 1914-1918, the cultural challenge of Dada is manifested by provocative earthiness and derision, often during public events. Hch Hannah who drew patterns for fashion magazine, used in cutting the wild to make collages policies. The end of Dada
In France, since 1920, runs out of steam Dada, Andr Breton found that "Dada turning around." Louis Aragon , in her contemporary literary history project, is dying from Dada 1921-1922. He also says that "Twenty-five poems" of Tristan Tzara, "had drunk all his life." In November 1921 , the Belgian magazine a Ira! in a number directed by Clement Pansaers proclaims that Dada is dead.
According to historian Marc Dachy , the trial against Maurice Barres marks the true decomposition of the Dadaists. The "Impeachment and trial of Maurice Barres for crimes against the security of mind" was not without displeasing Tzara , Francis Picabia , Georges-Ribemont Dessaignes , Erik Satie , or Pansaers Clement , who opposed the The idea of a court, especially a revolutionary court. Tzara appears only as a witness, leaving the care Breton leading the trial. The trial quickly turns into a joke, which was not the wish of Breton.
- - Tzara said: "I have no faith in justice, even if that justice is done by Dada. You will agree with me, Mr. President, we're all a bunch of bastards and therefore small differences bastards larger or smaller bastards have no importance. "
- - Breton intervened: "The witness is it to look like a perfect fool or he seeks to be interned? "
- - Tzara replied, "Yes, I want to make me look like a complete idiot and I'm not trying to escape from the asylum where I spend my life. "
The founder of the violent left the room, soon followed by Picabia and his friends, when Aragon began his plea, the court that more cons cons Barres, who was also sentenced to twenty years of hard labor.
In June following, the show organized by Dada Tzara in Paris is disdained by Andr Breton and Marcel Duchamp refuse any shipment for this exhibition, with the exception of a telegram with two words: "Pode Ball."
The evening Dada of July 6, 1923 organized by Tristan Tzara Theatre Michel marks the definitive break between the Dadaists and Surrealists (Andre Breton, Robert Desnos , Paul Eluard and Benjamin Peret ). Face of violent disruptions of the Surrealists: Breton, a blow with his cane, breaking the arm of Pierre de Massot , Tzara called the police. The party set for tomorrow is canceled.
Art Dada
Dada Artists
Main article: Dada artists.Offers a survey and summary biography of the artists who participated more or less directly to Dada.
Works Dadas emblematic
Writers, painters, sculptors, filmmakers, photographers and even some musicians, Dada has crossed all the artistic expressions of its time .
- Symmetry pathetic embroidery from a design by Jean Arp.
- Fleur-hammer
Beatrice Wood and Marcel Duchamp in 1917
- Bicycle Wheel ( 1915 ), the first work of ready-made , it is a bicycle wheel mounted on a stool.
- Fontaine ( 1917 ), the urinal that has pioneered the theory of the readymade , on everyday items that are not basically the art, but become so if we decide.
- LHOOQ (she hot ass) ( 1919 , desecration of the Mona Lisa with mustache and goatee ...
- Tu m '( 1920 ) show.
- Rotary Glass Plates ( 1920 ), pre-psychedelic art show.
- Marcel Duchamp as Belle Breath ( 1921 ), photography in collaboration with Man Ray show.
- Discs with Spiral ( 1923 ), pre-psychedelic art show.
- The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, even ( 1923 ) show.
- Beautiful perfume bottle with Breath Rrose Selavy (Eros that's life) on the label.
- The Waterfall
- Gas Lighting
- Arlette. To forget the giddy chapel ( 1920 ).
- Ready-made unhappy by Marcel ( 1919 ) treatise on geometry hanging from her balcony.
- The grass trimmed bicycle bells, graubnden Grivel and echinoderms crouches to beg for caresses ( 1920 - 1921 ).
- Remember Uncle August, The Unhappy Inventor ( 1919 ).
- The spirit of our time, (Der Geist unserer Zeit), head mechanics ( 1919 ).
- Pair married bourgeois ( 1927 ), oil on canvas depicting a mannequin dressed in white-wood alongside a married into fractions.
- Da-Dandy bonding.
- Dada Almanac, translated from German by Sabine Wolf Sabine Wolf notes and Michel Giroud, bilingual edition, Paris, Champ Libre , 1980.
- Bar Nicanor, Dada and other documents prepared and presented by Marc Dachy , illustrations, Paris, Editions Gerard Lebovici , 1986.
- Girl ( 1920 ), ink on paper.
- Volucelle II ( 1922 ).
- Dog trainer ( 1923 ) announcing the animal trainer ( 1937 ).
- Letters to Christine (1945-1951), followed Ennazus, edited by Jean Sireuil presentation Dachy Marc , Paris, Editions Gerard Lebovici , 1988.
Man Ray , Rrose Selavy, 1921 - Lautgedicht ( 1924 ).
- Dada manifestos, poems, news, articles, projects, theater, cinema, reviews (1915-1929), new edition revised and presented by Jean-Pierre Begot, Paris, Editions Champ Libre , 1978.
- Merz Picture 46A (The Skittle Picture) ( 1921 ), a framework and set of small objects.
- Guards ( 1918 ), articulated a sculpture evoking the world of puppetry.
- Abstract triptych ( 1918 ), oil on canvas with applied gold leaf.
- Janco Mask ( 1918 ), mask.
- Dada Head ( 1918 ).
- Abstract Composition ( 1919 ), a collage
- A little soap in water ( 1917 ), bonding with a goofy drawing of a naked woman whose sex was hidden under a true soap.
- Pragerstrae ( 1920 ).
- Tzara, Janco and Huelsenbeck
- Admiral seeks a house for rent ( 1916 ), simultaneous poem in English, French and German characteristic and very faithful to the philosophy of Dada.
Main home Dadas
- Zurich ( 1 915 - one thousand nine hundred nineteen ), including Tristan Tzara , Jean Arp , the German poet Hugo Ball and Richard Huelsenbeck , the Romanian painter Marcel Janco , the German painter and filmmaker Hans Richter , Sophie Taeuber-Arp ;
- New York ( one thousand nine hundred and fifteen - 1921 ), with Marcel Duchamp , Francis Picabia , Man Ray ;
- Berlin ( 1917 - 1,923 ), with Richard Huelsenbeck , George Grosz , Raoul Hausmann (one of the creators of photomontage , followed by John Heartfield ), Johannes Baader , Hannah Hch ;
- Cologne ( in 1919 - one thousand nine hundred twenty-one ), with Jean Arp , Max Ernst (collages inventive), Johannes Theodor Baargeld ;
- Hanover with Kurt Schwitters and his movement Merz ;
- Paris , from 1920 to 1923. Dada was the first event held in January 1920, just days after the arrival of Tristan Tzara. Dada knows his heyday as a movement, with Tristan Tzara , Francis Picabia , Man Ray , Andr Breton , Paul Eluard , Louis Aragon , Philippe Soupault and end with the birth of Surrealism.
Culture Dada
Dada and humor
After the First World War, young people need to express their jubilation of being alive, the war ended and peace restored. Life has conquered death, peace has won the war, childhood and recklessness are back and will be able to speak. In 1963 , Tristan Tzara said: "Dada was not only absurd, not just a joke, Dada was an expression of strong pain in adolescents born during the War of 1914. What we wanted was a clean slate of current values, but the benefit, just the highest human values. "
Dada and eroticism
In 1920 , Tristan Tzara calls "Presidents dada", the most unconventional and original potential runaway. The "girls Dada, the Dada's girls' dance solo with or without a mask, as Sophie Taeuber. They turn heads and generate enthusiasm, but the boos. A well-known Dada dance is to put his arms in the air (shoulder perpendicular to the trunk and forearms perpendicular to the body) and jump at the same time. Emmy Hennings , companion of Hugo Ball , founder with him, the Cabaret Voltaire to Zurich , where she became the animating spirit in the evenings, dance, song and poetry.
The American Clara Tice , cartoonist, painter and poet, horrified the prudish American society with his drawings of naked women accompanied by animals, illustrating how erotic the Fables of La Fontaine. His works will be confiscated by the police. Another American, Beatrice Wood also performs with a strong erotic works.
Valeska Gert created his "dancing" during certain evenings in Berlin. Far from the classic Swan Lake , they pave the way for the liberation of women's bodies and nudism. Rene Dunan , raised in a convent, but a great admirer of the Marquis de Sade , frees himself, proclaims itself "the first hour of Dadaist" , and the headlines, under various pseudonyms, including "Marcelle Pump" and "M. Steinthal," a tribute to Stendhal and the writer adventurer Casanova Seingalt.
Bibliography
- Publications by Dada
- September Dada Manifestos Tristan Tzara - 1924 This book is being published as Dada is officially dead. The publication is a sort of competition with nascent surrealism (Manifesto of Surrealism, Andre Breton, 1924).
- Facsimiles
- Tristan Tzara :
- Dada, Photocopy and complete report criticizing the magazine published from 1916 to 1922, Centre twentieth century, 1976, ISBN 2-902311-17-6 and ISBN 2-902311-19-2
- "The First Celestial Adventure of Mr. Antipyrine," illustrated by Marcel Janco , 2005 reprint of the original edition of 1916
- "Cinema Calendar heart abstract. Drawings by Jean Arp , 2005 reprint of the original edition of 1920
- "Seven Dada manifestos and some drawings by Francis Picabia, 2005 reprint of the original edition of 1924
- Richard Huelsenbeck : Dada Almanac, bilingual edition, translated from German by Sabine Wolf, ed. Champ Libre , 1980 ( ISBN 2-85184-117-3 ) / The Press of reality, al. "The absolute deviation", Dijon, 2006 ( ISBN 9782840661443 ). Original edition of 1916 is the first book hobby.
- Francis Picabia
- "391", photocopy and complete critical issue by Michel Sanouillet the journal published from 1917 to 1924, Centre twentieth century, 1960, ISBN 2-902311-33-8 and ISBN 2-902311-34-6
- Kurt Schwitters , Merz, writings selected and introduced by Marc Dachy Schwitters followed by his friends. Ursonate, facsimile of the original typography. Registration of its interpretation by the author (CD). German texts translated by Marc and Corinne Graber Dachy. English lyrics translated by Marc Dachy, Paris, Editions Gerard Lebovici , 1990 ( ISBN 2-85184-225-0 )
- Publications reviews
- Francis Buot , Tristan Tzara, Paris, Grasset.
- Marc Dachy , Journal of Dada 1915-1923, Geneva, Albert Skira, 1989 (Best Book of Art, 1990)
- Marc Dachy. Acrobats Tamer Tristan Tzara, Dada Zurich. Texts by Richard Huelsenbeck & Emil Szittya. Letters of Guillaume Apollinaire & Hugo Ball, Paris, The Stall, 1992.
- Marc Dachy , the Dada & Dada, Paris, Gallimard, "Folio Essais", No. 257, 1994.
- Marc Dachy , Dada in Japan, Paris, PUF, "Critical Perspectives", 2002.
- Marc Dachy , Dada, the revolt of art, Paris, Gallimard / Centre Pompidou, "Discoveries" No. 476, 2005.
- Marc Dachy , Dada Archives / Chronicle, Paris, Hazan, 2005.
- Gerard Durozoi , Dada art and rebels, Paris, Hazan, "Guide for the Arts", 2005
- Laurent Le Bon (edited by), Dada, exhibition catalog, Centre Pompidou, 2005.
- Maurice Lemaitre, The before Lettrism dada dada and scavengers, Centre for Creativity, Paris 1967.
- Maurice Lemaitre, Dadaist and Surrealist Theatre, Centre for Creativity, Paris 1967. Foundation Bismuth-Lemaitre, 13, rue de Mulhouse, 75002 Paris.
- Serge Lemoine , Dada, Paris, Hazan, coll. Essentials.
- Giovanni Lista , Dada & libertarian libertine, Paris, The Unusual, 2005.
- Christian Niquaise , Tristan Tzara: Books, Rouen, L'Instant perpetual, Rouen, 2005.
- Michel Sanouillet , Dada in Paris, Paris, Jean-Jacques Pauvert, 1965, Flammarion, 1993, CNRS, 2005.
- Michel Sanouillet , Dada in Paris, Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press, 2009.
- Aurlie Verdier, The ABCs of Dada, Paris, Flammarion, 2005.
Song
Bernard Lavilliers has composed music for this song on the album Dada concert Escale au Grand Rex , the text is to Tristan Tzara. He said it himself as "dada".
Related articles
References
- Laurent Le Bon, op. cited, p. 220
- Known as the "Heart to beard for posterity.
- The poster of the event is designed by Ilya Zdanevitch. Program: Screening of film Charles Scheeler "Smoke New York," representation "Heart-bearded" Tzara whose costumes by Sonia Delaunay.
- Marguerite Bonnet "Andr Breton, Complete Works, Volume 1", Gallimard, La Pliade, Paris, 1988, p. XLVI, Le Bon, op. cited, p. 269 & Michel Sanouillet Dada in Paris, CNRS ed 1965-2005, p. 333
- The 2005 exhibition of the Centre Pompidou has made more than two thousand pieces
- Image published in The Blind Man 2, New York, May 1917, p. 4. See a reproduction of a drawing of gelatin-silver bromide original here.
External Links
- Art DaDa
- Digital Dada Library
- The Dada exhibition in January 2006 at the Centre Georges Pompidou brought together more than 1000 works by 50 artists from public and private collections.
- The Essential DADA - An Online Compendium
- Dada and Politics: The dissident magazine devotes a full dossier on Dada and politics with articles Iveta Slavkov-Montexier, Florent Schoumacher and Frederick Thomas.
- File: Dada exhibition at the Centre Pompidou, 2006
- Dadart: History of Dada, bibliography of Dadaism, Dadaist dissemination of documents
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