Corsican Nationalism
This article deals with Corsican nationalism in the twentieth and twenty-first century. For earlier periods, see the articles Corsica and Paoli.
Summary |
Early initiatives
- 1914: creation of the political and cultural journal to CISPR, which states "Corsica is a French department. It is a nation that was conquered and reborn." This is the first modern application of autonomy for Corsica.
- 1920: Creation of the journal A Muvra, political and cultural magazine.
- 1923: creation of Partitu Corsu d'Azione, led by Petru Rocca , who later became the Partitu Corsu Autonomista and which requires the recognition of the people and the Corsican language and the reopening of the University of Corte.
The Corsica of the 1960
The late 1950s marked the perigee of the demography and the economy island. Since the late nineteenth century , the Corsica continues to lose population by combining an alarming demographic situation and a huge delay in terms of industry and infrastructure.
This is when two shocks that will radically change the Corsican society.
- The first is the collapse of the colonial empire French. The Colonial has indeed become a major market for the Corsicans who are in the early 1920's , 20% of the colonial administration, while only 1% of the metropolitan population. The end of the empire deprived youth Corsica prospects of his elders and causes the forced return of a number of them on the island. This situation leads to the emergence of movements regionalist , trying to give opportunities to people in need of references. During the uprisings in Algeria in 1958 and 1961 , Corsica is the only department metropolitan have seceded to join the settlers insurgents.
- The second shock was the arrival of returnees from former African possessions, which the State allocates land in a reasonable manner in the eastern plain. In the early 1960s , before the arrival of returnees from Algeria, they represent about 10% of the island population.
The first regional movements
Many Corsicans are then to be aware of declining population and dilapidated economy of the island. The first movements appear as the regional front Corsican (author of Takeover on an island ) with a split majority will Corsican Regionalist Action, calling on the French State taking into account the economic difficulties of the island and as its cultural, including language , greatly threatened by declining populations and economic impoverishment of the island. These movements are the cause of a major revival of the Corsican language and work to promote the ancient cultural traditions of Corsica.
But these movements feel their demands are ignored and are in treatment as the State provides returnees settlements a sign of contempt. Arguing that Corsica is figure of virgin land where there is no need to consult local people on repatriations and critical financial support or aid (creation of the League of agricultural development of Corsica ( SOMIVAC ) responsible the development of the agricultural plain) received by newcomers.
The case of Aleria and the birth of FLNC
In a situation she considers closed, regional action Corsica (CRA) decided to choose the means of more radical actions.
On 21 August 1975 , twenty of them, led by Edmond Simeoni , leader of the Azzione per a rinascita di a Corsica (CRA), occupy the cellar Depeille the name of an operator original Blackfoot installed in the eastern plain, near Aleria. Equipped with rifles and a machine gun, they finally want to draw public attention to the situation of the island and especially its agricultural situation. They denounced the takeover of part of lands of the eastern plain by a few families " pieds noirs ". The Interior Minister Michel Poniatowski sent 2,000 riot police and gendarmes backed mobile light armored vehicles, and ordered the attack on Wednesday, August 22 to 16 h. Two policemen are killed during the confrontation. The cabinet next Wednesday August 29 ordered the dissolution of the CRA. The tension rises rapidly in Bastia and scuffles broke out in late afternoon. They turn into riots after dark and many shootings occur: a CRS will be killed and many wounded.
This case marks the beginning of the radicalization of nationalist , whose demands are evolving to demand the independence of the island, and forced successive governments to take into account the "Corsican question."
A few months later, on the night of 4 to 5 May 1976 , nationalist activists created the National Liberation Front of Corsica (FLNC) from di Fronte paesanu liberazone di a Corsica (FPCL) responsible for blowing up a boat Italian polluter and Ghjustizia paolina, the clandestine organization supposed to be a military antenna of the CRA. This birth is marked by a series of bombings in Corsica and the mainland. They hold a press conference at a Cunventu Sant'Anton di Casabianca ( Convent of Saint-Antoine Casabianca ) to Orezza highly symbolic place since that is had been voted the Corsican Constitution and Pascal Paoli had proclaimed the independence in 1755. While claiming a small book with a strong Marxist, most separatist leaders from among the ranks of the nationalist right or French backgrounds "apolitical." Few leftists present in its ranks. It notes a Maoist splinter group whose number of activists can be counted on the fingers of one hand and less than a dozen Trotskyists whose ideas will count for little in the ideological formation of an armed organization modeled on the Algerian and Vietnamese models. Unfortunately, organized crime and spawn all nationalism, to the chagrin of the Corsican "basic" and especially women who are starting to break the omerta on what becomes law.
The theme of Corsican nationalism
- political sovereignty of Corsica: an independence from the French state, described by the nationalist movements of the colonial state. The emergence of a revolutionary tax was performed by parallel movement in the 80s, and continues to be practiced by the FLNC Union of Combatants. The attacks against the state structures have been constant: attacks against the prefectures, prisons, perceptions, the presence of military camps, murder of the prefect rignac , etc.. But more numerous are the bombings of private houses belonging mainly to mainland without that we know exactly who the villainous or political role.
- Promotion of the Corsican language , and required learning in Corsica , this concept is greatly expanded beyond simple nationalism.
- limitation of tourism infrastructure, and policies to promote tourism, and substitution by sustainable economic development.
- compliance with the building permit.
- respect to the shore ( coastal law ).
- recognition of political prisoner status for the Corsican nationalist movement of persons incarcerated including those who have committed acts amounting to common law crimes.
The Corsican nationalism and international investment
Corsican coast that was built under the Mediterranean coast of mainland France, mainly because of bombings attributed to the nationalist movement against many non-Aboriginal homes .
U Rinnovu , a Corsican nationalist movement commonly referred to as close to the FLNC of October 22 , describes as "heresy" and "cons economic sense" the construction of villas for the benefit of non-resident . The slogan shamelessly sells it to te chi terra ("Shame on you who sell the land") is also the title of a song, an anthem and rallying to the nationalists.
At the Matignon process under the Jospin government , Article 12 of the Matignon Accords provided for an adaptation of the coastal law to make it easier to issue building permits on the Corsican coast. The day of the examination of that section in the National Assembly, the activist (s) of organization A Manca Naziunale surrounded the house of Andr Tarallo , the gentleman Africa to Elf , located Piantaredda in protest against the granting of building permits challenged . The article, however, was subsequently dismissed.
An example of a leaflet
Tract of FLNC against the sale of villas to international customers, left at the scene of the advertising newspaper Nice-Matin :
- BUYERS Germans, English, French, Dutch ... seeking among individuals, homes, apartments, land. nationalist political organizations current
Political clout
The coalition Unione Naziunale won 17.34% of the vote in territorial elections in 2004.
The territorial elections of 2010 , lists Corsican nationalists total 35.74% of votes in the second round: the autonomy of Corsica FEMU was led by Gilles Simeoni collecting 25.89% of the vote and the independence of Corsica Libera led by Jean-Guy Talamoni receiving 9.85% of the vote.
The figures in the movement
- Yvan Colonna (1960 -)
- Marcel Lorenzoni (1944-2000)
- Alain Orsoni
- Guy Orsoni (-1987)
- Charles Pieri (1950 -)
- Peter Poggioli
- Jean-Michel Rossi (-2001)
- Francois Santoni (1960-2001)
- Edmond Simeoni (1934 -)
- Sozzi Robert (-1993)
- Jean-Guy Talamoni (1960 -)
- Gilbert Casanova , founder of the Movement for Self-Determination (MPA) and former President of the Chamber of Commerce Corse-du-Sud , imprisoned in 2008 for drug trafficking , .
- Gilles Simeoni
- Jean-Christophe Angelini
References
- upsurge of attacks against villas in Corsica , Le Figaro , April 24, 2006
- Marc Pivois, insurances do not want to take any risks in Corsica , Libration , 7 October 2004
- Source: U Rinnovu Bibliography
- Jean-Louis Andreani, Understanding Corsica, Gallimard, 2005 ( ISBN 2-07-031325-5 )
- Daniel Arnaud , Corsica and the republican idea, L'Harmattan, 2006 ( ISBN 2-296-00525-X )
- Emmanuel Barnabeu Casanova, The Corsican nationalism: genesis, success and failure, L'Harmattan, 1997 ( ISBN 2-7384-5943-9 )
- Ange-Laurent Bindi Autonomy. Liberation struggles in Corsica and elsewhere 1984-1989, L'Harmattan ( ISBN 2-7384-0482-0 )
- Gabriel Xavier Culioli, complex Corsican Gallimard
- Pascal Irastorza, The Corsican trap. The assassination of the Prefect Erignac to the arrest of the prefect Bonnet, Fayard, 1999 ( ISBN 2-213-60458-4 )
- Marianne Lefevre, Geopolitics of Corsica. The republican model in question, L'Harmattan, 2000 ( ISBN 2738490751 )
- Jean-Michel Rossi / Francois Santoni, for final settlement, the Corsican nationalists speak, Denol 2000 ( ISBN 2207251306 )
- Peter Poggioli, Diary of a Corsican nationalist, Editions de l'Aube, 1996 ( ISBN 2876782855 )
- Peter Poggioli, Corsica: Chronicles of an island torn 1996-1999, L'Harmattan, 1999
- Peter Poggioli, Behind the Hoods: The FLNC 80s, DCL Editions, 2004 ( ISBN 2911797779 )
- Edmond Simeoni, Corsica, the desire to be. Twenty years after Alria Albiana
- Fabrice Bonardi, Corsica, the crossroads, L'Harmattan, 1989
- Front Regionalist Corsica , an island on Takeover , Jerome Martineau edition, 1971
Filmography
- FLNC generation , Samuel Lajus, 2002
External Links
- The feathers of the peacock : Mark Cursay site with many sources, including a new and much that is challenging Corsican nationalism.
- Unita Naziunale : site with many Corsican nationalist analysis explaining the action against the villas on the coast of Corsica.
- Corsica Nazione Indipendente Site Corsican nationalist movement.
Related articles
- Case of the prefect rignac the murder of a prefect of Corsica
- Corsica Nazione , assembly dependent Indipendenza
- Party of the Corsican nation , moderate nationalists rejecting violence
- National Liberation Front of Corsica
- FLNC UC armed organization created by the merger of the May 5 FLNC and Canal Historical FLNC which claims to Indipendenza
- FLNC October 22 armed organization born of a split in the FLNC Union fighters
- FLNC-usual channels , army organization which was the legal front MPA
- History Channel FLNC armed organization whose legal front was Cuncolta
- List of persons murdered in Corsica
- A Manca Naziunale The national Left, founded in 1997, revolutionary and patriotic organization
- Accolti naziuzianli corsa , organization founded in 1989 by splitting the Cuncolta directed by Peter Poggioli
- A Cuncolta Naziunalista was replaced by a Cunculta indipendista then Indipendenza
- Unione di u Corsu Populu , ancestor of the PNC
- Resistenza , armed organization of the ANC
- FLNC May 5 , a descendant of the FLNC Canal usual
- Corsi di Cunsulta i Studienti , student union history from the University of Corsica
- Ghjuvent Indipendentista , youth movement of Indipendenza
- Ghjuvent Paolina , student union at the University of Corsica
- Presenza Naziunale , an organization founded by those who claimed Jean-Michel Rossi and Francois Santoni, the leaders of the Cuncolta then murdered because they ran the clandestine group Armata Corsa
- International Days of Corte
- Bilingual road signs in Corsica
- Italian irredentism in Corsica
- Corsican Workers' Union (STC)
- Clandestini Corsi clandestine organization in charge of xenophobic attacks designed to sow terror among the population and the wider North African populations labeled as "non-Corsicans" and thugs (drug dealers, abusers, thieves ...).
- List of attacks attributed or claimed by the FLNC
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