Fibula Etruscan ^seventh century BC. AD.

This page on the contributions of the Etruscans to the Romans, identifies features of Etruscan culture , which are awarded in that of ancient Rome.

While many features of Etruscan culture emanate from the rites and customs Phoenician, Egyptian and Greek especially, originality makes them especially remarkable in their assimilation by the Roman world that has long had a larger audience, even among historians ^{Art divination}

The fegato di Piacenza

• An examination of the entrails of a sacrificed animal: hepatoscopy from a bronze model (like the liver of Piacenza ), decrypting the object in areas allocated to the deities.
• The examination of natural phenomena in the sky: brontoscopie , and birds of prey, observed and decoded from the temple carving the sky into areas allocated to the gods
• The conspiracy of wonders, natural phenomena happens when unusual circumstances (clear-sky lightning, sudden death without apparent cause ...)
• The practice of templum to identify sacred sites, especially temples and cities.

Funerary art

• The bas-reliefs of mythological theme historiated sarcophagi

Writing

• the alphabet
• system of numeration

War

Organization

• the legion ,
• the phalanx
• The heavily laden warrior: the hoplite

Equipment

• the clipeus
• the shield round with the same distinctive badge of gentile
• the helmet crest ,
• the nmides ,
• the pilum
• the trumpet attack

Rituals

Games

• the dice
• the Ludi scaenici which will stage games, dances with fried, the diver , and the actor in jokes.

• the Ludi circenses that will give the circus.
  • the chariot and the chariot ,
  • fighting gladiators (from the game phersu ) are integrated with public games by Roman Gaius Marius in 105 BC. AD .
  • utensils of the fight like a sponge, the aryballos and strigil latter to scrape the skin of impurities (oil and mixed dust).

Triumph

the insignia of power :

• the seat curule ,
• the triumph , and marched on the parade float
• the fasces of lictors with his labrys (double ax ax, as evidenced by the fell del littorea of Vetulonia )
• the trabea the ceremonial robe,
• Knights of the rings,
• the phalerae , decorative metal, usually circular, placed on the trappings of horses,
• the red coat of commander in chief, the tunica palmata
• the toga pretext , the toga picta
• the insignia of the king during the monarchy:
  • the scepter Etruscan gold, surmounted by an eagle
  • the golden crown,

Architecture

• the temple

• the first monuments in Rome
• the art of clay for the outer wall decoration (such as antefixes ) or internal (plates reliefs).

• Etruscan inventions ubiquitous in the imperial architecture :
  • arch and barrel vault resting on pillars or right foot (transom)
  • supervision by column or pilaster semi-committed
  • entablature monolith by simply discharge

Urbanism

• the demarcation Etruscan for:
  • the rite of limitatio, delineation of the location of a city using the groma (measuring instrument).
  • the rite of the templum , defining the axes of the town, mundus , the cardo and decumanus of hippodamian plan.
• The features of the mansion: atrium , compluvium , the catchment area ...
• The hydraulic Etruscan : drained swamps (the cloaca maxima of the Roman Forum), the cuniculus , sewers, irrigation canals, the breakwater of the ports, searching for water wells ...

Social organization

• Kalendae on the calendar (which will Kalends among the Romans). and weeks and months, the ideas in the middle of the lunar month, marking a nail in a wall of the temple of years.
• the sacred institutions,
• trinity or triad (tria nomina)
• the sacred precincts of the city pomerium
• the system of proper names: Formula onomastics two members, first and last name (importance of the family), it foreshadows the Roman system the tria nomina, three elements ( praenomen , the nomen and cognomen ).
• priestly colleges,
• archives,
• the Federal Council,
• the cultivation of vineyards

The social rituals of everyday life

• the banquet ,
• the laticlave ,

Pantheon

• Household gods ,
• Lares ,
• Manes ,
• Correspondence table between Etruscan and Roman deities
• the lararium , place of worship of deities Daily

The objects of everyday life

Preparation of wine

• The Infundibulum , wine filter widely used by the Greeks and Romans.

Clothing

• the fibula , used since the period Oriental ( ^seventh century BC. )
• The gown trimmed in a semicircle
• depth shoes with straps called Tyrrhenian

Furniture

• Work for bronze candelabras or tables with three legs.

References

Notes

Related articles

• The daily life among the Etruscans

External Links

• Etruscan Rome as a city

Bibliography

• Yves Liebert , Perspectives on truph Etruscan, 2006, p. 150 ...
• Heurgon Jacques , Daily Life of the Etruscans, Hachette, 1961 and 1989

• Portal Etruscans
• Ancient Rome portal
• Italy portal

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