Tuscan columns in Mexico.

In architecture , a column is a vertical support form cylindrical.

It consists of a base , a drum and a tent. In the classical architecture (inspired by the ancient Greek - Latin ), proportions and ornaments of these elements are governed by the architectural orders. It is often argued in the ancient architecture and a classical portico in front.

The colonnade, in turn, consists of a series of columns.

Components of a column

Elements of a column of the XIII ^century in the West.

• The base
• The barrel
• The Marquee
  • spine
  • gorget
• The abacus

Agenda

The style of the columns is called order , every era has had his orders:

Order in Egypt

• Order palmiforme
  • Of the Egyptian Old Kingdom , these columns are very massive.
  • The tent includes 9 sheets of palm ligated.
  • The barrel is smooth.
  • The base is simple.

• Proto-Doric Order
  • The Egyptian Middle Kingdom , these columns are very massive.
  • The tent is very simple geometric confused with the abacus.
  • The drum has grooves.
  • The base is very small or totally absent.

• Order lotus capitals
  • Shaped like a lotus closed.

• Order papyriform
  • It appears from the Middle Kingdom.
  • The stalks are tied on the big and long in the barrel.
  • The graph may contain a cartridge.
  • The base is simple.

• Order Beaker
  • It exists from the Middle Kingdom.
  • The barrel is smooth, but may be covered with bas reliefs.
  • The big flares inverted bell-shaped covered with low relief (when the bas relief depicts papyrus , it is sometimes called "open papyrus)
  • The base is simple.
  • The abacus is not visible from below, because the big flared conceals.

• Order Hathoric
  • The marquee depicts the goddess Hathor to face on all 4 sides.
  • The barrel is smooth, but may be covered with bas-reliefs
  • The base is simple.
  • The abacus is big enough.

College in Greece

• Order Minoan (2000 BC. To 1450 BC.)
  • According to the reconstructions,
  • The marquee has a spine-shaped rounded pad.
  • The barrel is smooth and bulbous shape.
  • The base is very simple and fine.
  • The abacus is very simple.

• Doric
  • The marquee has a flat spine, although lower than in Minoan and a gorget in the continuity of the barrel. It is separated from the incision was 3 lines.
  • The drum is decorated with 20 flutes. It is not monolithic, but composed of drums fitted with mortise and tenon.
  • There is no basis.

• 

  Doric columns of the temple of Segesta in porch hexastyle

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  Temple of Poseidon , or second temple of Hera at Paestum (hexastyle)

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  View of the Temple of the Parthenon in Athens with gantry octostyle

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  Modern example of Doric columns at Cincinnati

• Tuscan order ^(sixth century BC.)
  • He took this name because it dates from the time of Magna Graecia, when Greece had invaded southern Italy and Sicily.
  • This is a simplified form of the Greek Doric architectural order.
  • The spine is more rounded.
  • The barrel is more arched.
  • The corner columns of the temples are wider to compensate for the optical effect that makes them appear thinner than they are.
• Ionic order
  • The base has 2 cores and 1 to 2 scotia.
  • The barrel with molded rim is longer and more slender shape Troconis.
  • The tent comprises
    • a balustrade decorated
    • a volute,
    • pad,
    • a spine decorated ove,
    • a talus often decorated with olive.

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  Description of an Ionic column by Julien-David Le Roy (1770)

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  Ionic columns of the Erechtheion

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  Ionic capital at Ephesus

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  Reconstruction of an Ionic column of Artemision of Syracuse in the museum of antiquities

• Corinthian

College in Rome

• Tuscan order
• Composite order

Examples of columns in Islamic Art

• 

  Nazarin column to the Alhambra , the cylindrical shaft and capital into two parts, one cylindrical and the other cube

• 

  Example of wood column with capital structure (Memorial Mohamed Bukhara ), near Samarkand in Uzbekistan

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  Sample column in marble : marquee columns Corinthian , from Roman temples , in the prayer hall of the Great Mosque of Kairouan ( Tunisia )

Examples of modern Doric columns

• 

  Doric columns at the chateau of Ancy-le-Franc (sixteenth century)

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  Memorial Chapel of Union College in Schenectady ( United States , XIXth century

Example of Ionic columns modern

• 

  Nave of the Basilica Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome with Ionic columns of the fifth and sixth centuries supporting a coffered Renaissance

• 

  Interior of the Cathedral of Granada (sixteenth century) Ionic columns and Corinthian in the bottom right

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  Saporiti Ionic colonnade of the palace at Milan (1812)

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  Monopteros Park's Castle Eutin in Holstein (nineteenth century)

Examples of Romanesque columns

• 

  Columns of Romanesque cloister of Sepvelda near Segovia

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  Cloister of the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Moissac with twin columns

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  Battery narthex (twelfth century) of the Basilica of Vezelay with four engaged columns. The capital of this shows Samson slaying the lion

Solomonic columns and spiral columns

Baroque Solomonic column

At the age baroque , twisted columns, appear throughout Europe. The most famous are probably those erected by Bernini to support the canopy of the altar of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. They talk about shooting crooked to describe a turning coil, unlike the film which means Solomonic spirals hinged on themselves.

See also

Related articles

• Astronomical Column
• Rostral column
• Memorial column
• Morris column
• Loggia
• Twin columns

External Links

Bibliography

References

• Portal architecture and urbanism

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