Classical Latin
The term refers to the classical Latin form of the Latin that was used in ancient Rome , in its literature usually considered "classic." Its use includes the golden age of Latin literature, ranging from the first century BC. AD in the early first century. It has also been extended until the second century.
What is today called classical Latin was, in fact, a highly stylized form of literary language selectively constructed from the archaic Latin, which very few works have survived.
Classical Latin differs from previous forms of Latin literature in several ways. It is notably different from the language used by Cato the Elder , Plautus , and to a certain extent, Lucretia. It diverges from the archaic Latin in that the final-om (nominative singular) and-bones become the second declension-us and-um, and some semantic shifts.
The Latin spoken by ordinary people of the Roman Empire, especially from the second century, is generally called Vulgar Latin. Vulgar Latin differs from the classical Latin vocabulary and grammar and, as of the time, also the pronunciation.
Summary |
Authors of the Golden Age
Poetry
We consider Prose In prose, there is an illustration of the golden age of classical Latin by Caesar , whose Commentary on the Gallic Wars presents a style terse , precise, military. The speeches of Cicero , politician and lawyer, including The Catiline Orations , have been considered for several centuries as the best bits of classical Latin prose. He also wrote many letters in the version known stoicism. Historiography was another important genre of classical Latin. It includes Sallust , including his Conspiracy of Catiline and the War of Jugurtha are his only works to have been completely preserved. Another major work is Ab Vrbe free condition of Livy , History of Rome from its foundation, of which only 35 of 142 books have survived. The most important technical work that survived is De Architectura of Vitruvius , a compilation of construction methods, plans and drawings for construction of houses, and the description of the construction support machines. He also gave a description of war machines and water mills and water pumps. Classical Latin continued to be used during the "Silver Age" of classical Latin literature. This age includes the I and the II century, and immediately following the golden age. The literature of the Silver Age has traditionally been considered inferior to that of the golden age. It has also been called "post-Augustinian." Among the works that survived, those of Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger have inspired generations of writers who followed, especially those of the Renaissance. The Silver Age also provides two Latin novels: the Metamorphoses of Apuleius and the Satyricon of Petronius. The Silver Age of Latin itself may be divided into two periods. A period of radical experimentation in the second half of the first century and neoclassicism in the second century. During the reign of Nero and Domitian , poets like Seneca the Younger , Lucan and Statius pioneered a new style that appealed, puzzled or offended, over time, and literary critics post. As for style, literature dating from Nero and Flavian show the importance of the teaching of rhetoric in Roman education. Style, declamatory, sometimes eloquent, is well marked by the Asianism : there is an exotic vocabulary, aphorisms treated (the "style cut" of Seneca), sometimes at the expense of thematic coherence. Topics discussed at the end of the first century show an interest in violence, magic, extreme passions. Under the influence of stoicism, the importance of the gods is declining, while the physiology of emotions takes more space. Passionate feelings like anger, pride and envy are depicted with almost anatomical terms of inflammation, edema, increase blood or bile. In Stace example, respiration of the Muses is described as a calor (fever). While their extremism both in subject and diction has earned these poets a certain rejection by the authors of neoclassicism, they were highly esteemed in the Renaissance, and saw some renewed interest among the modernist poets English. At the end of the first century, the reaction against this form of poetry had begun. Authors such as Tacitus , Quintilian and Juvenal show all the resurgence of a more classicist style under the emperors Trajan , Antoninus Pius and his successors. The Silver Age of Latin classic
Stylistic Changes
History of Latin -75 BC. AD 75 av. BC - I century EII - VIII century IX - XV century XV - XVII century XVII - today archaic latin Classical Latin Low Latin Medieval Latin Humanist Latin Latin Contemporary
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