Citizenship
Citizenship is the fact of a person for a family or a group, to be recognized as a member of a city (now a state ) feeding a common project to which they wish to take an active part. Citizenship includes civil and political rights and civic duties defining the role of citizens in the city and with institutions. Meaning legal , it is a principle of legitimacy : a citizen is a matter of law.
Summary |
Etymology
From Sabine Quiris designating launches , it will eventually designate the Latin "citizen" (plural Quirites) because Roman citizenship offered the privilege of serving in the militia (the " militia "," the army "), including as carriers of spears and javelins, Lancearii and Hastati Definition Generally, a citizen is a person who falls under the authority and protection of a state and therefore enjoys the political rights and of duties to the state. Each citizen has his way citizenship as established by law and integrated in all manners of the society to which he belongs. Citizenship is also a component of the social bond. It is, in particular, the equality of rights associated with citizenship who founded the social bond in the society democratic modern. The citizens of one nation are a community policy. Citizenship is intimately linked to democracy. Being a citizen means that you are part of a political body, a state that has been in this body of political rights and duties. In France , a citizen is defined as follows: "Man or woman older than age 18, born (e) of French parents or naturalized foreigners." A citizen has several duties such as paying taxes , respecting the laws or be sworn to Assize Court if necessary. In democracy, every citizen holds a portion of the sovereignty policy , so it's all citizens, by election, choose the rulers. The modern citizen is the subject of rights and duties : human rights - civil rights - political rights - social rights. Assignments are made by citizens for the good of the community (taxes, military service, etc..) And defined by the laws of the countries in which they live. The citizens form the nation. The phrase " Citizen of the World "describes one who proclaims his commitment to the whole of humanity , refusing national borders, as the Stoics. "The citizen is to be highly political (the city) which expresses not his own interests, but the general interest. This interest is not simply the sum of individual wills but transcends it. '( Jean Jacques Rousseau ). There are three aspects of citizenship: In the context of European integration, has emerged the concept of European citizenship, available to all persons having the nationality of a Member State of the Union. The notion of multicultural citizenship, which implies the recognition of cultural rights of minorities, has recently made its appearance. Under the Ptolemies , with the creation of great cities like Alexandria appointed by Alexander the Great or Ptolemais , the concept of citizenship was reserved for the elite Macedonian , then widens over time to the inhabitants of these cities, although the Egyptians the neighborhood Rakhotis in the Alexandria ancient never had real access to that status and the city consisted of well-defined neighborhoods that often came into conflict, thus demonstrating some aspect of citizenship on ancient. The Ancient Greece is the origin of citizenship modern thanks to the invention of the Greek city or " polis. " The policy then develops as an independent field of collective life. The polis is founded on the equality of all male citizens, but not everyone can become a citizen, the city is ethnically closed. In the Greek city-states , citizens were those who participated in the decisions of the city ( laws , wars , justice , administration ), the debates in the agora and were the only ones who can own land as opposed to metics and slaves (metics and slaves are categories that exist at Athens ). These citizens must still meet certain criteria, like being sex male , having more than eighteen years, be free , to be born father and a citizen also, under Pericles , from -451, to be mother daughter citizen. They were also obliged to do their military service (the ephebeia ), after which they became citizens. The democracy is so direct, the hierarchy among males is abolished (between citizens only and only on the political front - it does not have equal social, economic ...), political activity remains restricted to the most advantaged of the city. The Roman citizenship differs from the statutory citizens of Greek cities. Roman citizenship is defined in legal terms, the civis Romanus has civil and personal rights. Foreigners may access the company policy defined in legal terms. For Roman , citizenship has a universal except for women, without criteria of ethnic origin. At the French Revolution , the term is used again, opposing the term subject. It then establishes equality , as any man can be called citizen without hierarchy, contrary to evidence of nobility (but also to citizenship based on the ancient meritocracy ). The adjectivization citizen, which has spread in the media to mark the bicentenary of the Revolution French, is controversial. In the dictionary French-language cultural , Alain Rey fixed to 1995 , the use of the term citizen, as an adjective instead of adjective is dedicated civic. This job tends to emphasize the moral connotation, and Republican partisan. Thus, a civic attitude would be to fulfill his civic duties (voting, for example), while a "responsible approach" would show a willingness to integrate its actions in ethical considerations and goals of social solidarity or more assertive. In fact, this distinction is without foundation and the use of citizenship within the meaning of good citizenship is incorrect. The adjectivization citizen in the sense that the word has already fully Civic follows the same semantic error. History
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Greece
Rome
French Revolution
adjectivization
Notes
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