History of Greece
Pre-Hellenic Greece
	Prehistory of Greece
-3200	Cycladic civilization
-2700	Minoan civilization
-1550	Mycenaean civilization
Ancient Greece
-1200	Dark Ages
-800	Archaic
-510	Classical period
-323	Hellenistic
-146	Roman Greece
Medieval Greece (C)
330	Byzantine Empire
1202	Fourth Crusade
1453	Ottoman Greece
Modern Greece
1799	Republic of the Seven Islands
1822	Revolutionary War
1832	Kingdom of Greece
1936	Plan of August 4
1941	Occupation
1946	Civil War
1967	Dictatorship of the colonels
1974	Hellenic Republic

Protohistory

• ^VI - ^IV millennia : the Neolithic in Greece.
• Towards 3000 : First settlements in Crete. Arrival of the Minoans ?
• XXVII ^century : the Bronze Age. Early Helladic and the Minoan past.
• XXIII ^Century : Early Middle Bronze Age in Greece. Destruction. Arrival of Minyans or "Proto-Greeks"?
• XXI ^century : First forms of palatial Crete.
• ^Twentieth century : Crossing the Helladic and Minoan means.
• ^Eighteenth century : First Cretan Palace
• ^Seventeenth century : General destruction of Cretan sites.
• Towards 1680 : Seconds Cretan palaces.
• Towards 1650 : First tombs Mycenae. Arrival of the Mycenaeans.
• Towards 1650 : Eruption of the volcano of Santorini. There is an uncertainty of about fifty years (between 1650 and 1598).
• ^Sixteenth century : Apogee palaces of Knossos.
• One thousand six hundred - 1 580 : Passage to Helladic and Minoan lately.
• Towards 1450 : General destruction of Cretan sites. Mycenaean occupation of Knossos.
• One thousand four hundred fifty - one thousand three hundred fifty : Apogee Mycenaean palaces.
• XIV ^century : Archive of Knossos in Linear B.
• ^XIV - XIII ^centuries : Expansion Mycenaean.
• Towards 1250 : Trojan War.
• Towards 1200 : Archives of Pylos in Linear B. General disturbance.
• 1 194 - one thousand one hundred and eighty-four : Trojan War, according to the Hellenistic chronology. The Trojan War is dated by Eratosthenes of Cyrene (Greek historian of the Hellenistic period) of 1184.

Archaic period

• ^Twelfth Century : Out of international relations. Burst and declines Mycenaean communities. Early dark ages.
• 1104 : "Return of the Heraclides "or Dorian invasion , according to ancient traditions.
• Towards 1104 , 884 or 776 : Dates attributed to Lycurgus in different timelines.
• 1102 : Top of the list of kings at Sparta.
• Towards 1100 : Start of the Iron Age in Greece. Foundation legendary Phoenician of Gades ( Cadiz ).
• 1,077 - in 1044 : traditional dates of the founding of Miletus in Asia Minor.
• End ^IX - X ^centuries : Greek people to the Asian side.
• Towards 1020 : Beginning of period Protogeometric Greece.
• Towards 1000 : Tomb princely Lefkandi of Euboea. First traces of Worship in Olympia. Greek first grouping of urban character in Smyrna (Asia Minor).

^Ninth century

• Around 900 : Beginning of the Geometric period in Greece.
• ^Ninth century synoecism to Sparta.
• 814 : Foundation Phoenicians of Carthage in the Mediterranean West.
• Late ^ninth century: The first evidence of Worship in Delphi.

^Eighth century

• Early ^eighth century century: Shaping alleged the Iliad.
• Around 800 : Hellenic Foundation for Al-Mina on the borders of Syria and of Anatolia. Installation Etruscan in Tuscany.
• 776 : First Pan-Hellenic contest at Olympia.
• Around 775 : The first evidence on the Greek island of Ischia ( Pithecusa ).
• Mid ^eighth century: Emergence of writing. End of High archaic Greek.
• 757 - 738 : War of Messinia according to traditional chronology.
• 756 : Founding of Cyzicus on the Propontis ( Marmara Sea ).
• 754 : Top of the list of ephors to Sparta.
• Around 753 : Beginning of decadal and annual magistrates at Athens.
• Around 750 : Greek Foundation of Ischia in Campania. Legendary founding of Ibiza by Carthage. Amyclae , south of Laconia is the place to party the Pan-Laconian.
• 750 : Foundation of Cumae in the Bay of Naples.
• 747 : Oligarchy of Bacchiadae at Corinth.
• Around 736 - 716 : War of Messinia.
• 734 - 733 : Foundation of Naxos and Syracuse and Greek settlements in Sicily.
• Around 730 : Control of the Strait of Messina by the Greeks.
• 730 - 725 : Older archaeological remains found at the site of Carthage.
• Around 720 : Construction of major temples of Smyrna and Samos.
• 708 : Foundation of Parion , north of the Hellespont.
• 706 : Foundation of Taranto and Greek settlement in Italy 's south.
• Around 700 : Construction of the temples of Corinth and Argos. Redevelopment of Smyrna. Annexation of Eleusis in Athens.
• Late ^eighth century: Shaping alleged the Odyssey. Temple and agora Dreros in Crete. Llantine war between Chalcis and Eretria of Euboea. Navigating the straits.

^Seventh century

• 690 : Development of the Panhellenic Sanctuary of Poseidon on the Isthmus of Corinth.
• Around 687 : Gyges founds the dynasty Mermnadai in Lydia. Protectorate over the cities of Ionia.
• 686 : Foundation of Chalcedon , at the entrance of the Bosphorus.
• Around 683 : archonship annual institution and six thesmothtes to Athens.
• Around 675 : Invasion of the Cimmerians , a people Scythian steppe. Destruction of Artemision of Ephesus.
• 669 - 668 : War between Sparta and Argos. Defeat of Hysi. Appearance of the phalanx.
• Around 668 - 654 : War of Messinia.
• 657 : Foundation of Byzantium at the entrance of the Bosphorus, opposite Chalcedon. Establishment of the tyranny of Cypslides at Corinth by the traditional chronology.
• 656 : Foundation of Istros at the mouth of the Danube and Greek settlement in the Black Sea.
• 652 : Death of Gyges and the advent of Alyattes.
• 651 : Foundation Lampsacus on the Hellespont.
• ^Mid-seventh century poet Activity Tyrtaeus.
• ^2nd half of the ^seventh century: First written law.
• Around 650 - 630 : Tyranny of Pheidon Argos.
• Around 646 : Foundation of Olbia , at the mouth of the Dnieper.
• To 640 : First figuration of the phalanx (Chigi vase).
• Around 635 or 632 : Attempt tyrannical Cylon in Athens.
• Around 630 : Foundation of Cyrene in Libya.
• 629 : Foundation of Sinope , on the north coast of Asia Minor.
• 624 - 620 : Laws of Draco in Athens.
• 614 : Beginning of the advancement of the Medes , a people of Iran , in Upper Mesopotamia.
• Around 610 - 580 : Tyranny of Cleisthenes at Sicyon.
• Around 600 : Navigation Colaios Samos up Tartessos (southern Iberian Peninsula ). First Phoenician-Punic settlement on the coast of Morocco. Beginning of the expansion Marseille.
• 600 : Foundation of legendary Marseille Marseille. Destruction of Smyrna by Alyattes.
• Late ^seventh century: Foundation of Trebizond ( Colchis ), on the north coast of Asia Minor. First currencies at Ephesus.

VI ^century

• 600 - 590 : First Sacred War. Rise of the amphictyony of Delphi.
• 1 ^st half ^of the sixth century coins of Aegina.
• 594 or 592 : archon of Solon in Athens.
• Around 590 : Foundation Marseille to Emporion ( Ampurias ) on the coast Catalan , then its extension Neapolis.
• 590 : Anarchy (vacancy archon) in Athens.
• 586 : Anarchy in Athens.
• 585 : First clash between Alyattes and Medes. Frontier of Halys.
• 583 : Fall of the tyranny at Corinth.
• 582 - 580 : At Athens, archonship extended Damasias.
• 579 : Creation in Athens three political factions of the plain, the coast and hills.
• 566 : Foundation Panathenaic.
• To 565 : First establishment phocen, modest, Alalia ( Aleria ), in Corsica , another small-scale facility to Agde.
• 561 : First coup of Pisistratus in Athens.
• 560 : Establishing the tyranny of Pisistratus in Athens. Advent of Croesus in Lydia.
• 559 : Coming of Cyrus , from the royal clan Persian of Achaemenid dynasty and heir to the Median.
• 556 : First deportation of Pisistratus in Athens.
• Around 550 : Formation of the Peloponnesian League. Stopping exports of ceramics "is Greek."
• 550 : Union of the Medes and Persians. Beginning of the Persian expansion.
• 550 - 525 : Occurrence and distribution of the silver coin.
• 549 (or 544 ): Second coup in Athens Pisistratus, supported by Alcmaeonidae.
• 548 : Fire and reconstruction of the temple of Delphi.
• 546 - 540 : Conquest of Asia Minor and the cities of Ionia by the Persians.
• 546 (or 541 ): Second deportation of Pisistratus. Decline in Thrace.
• 546 : Conquest of the Lydian kingdom by the Persians. destruction of Smyrna , Xanthe , Caunos. Emigration Marseille.
• 545 - 543 : Destruction of Phocaea (Asia Minor) by the Persians and the transfer of Marseille city with half its population, Alalia in Corsica. Reconstruction.
• Around 540 - 535 : Battle of Alalia , which opposes the Greeks Phocaea the Carthaginians and Etruscans. Marseille defeat. The city is populated, it is unclear under what control. Five years of wandering and piracy Marseille.
• Around 537 - 522 : Tyranny of Polycrates at Samos. First appearance of triremes.
• Around 535 - 530 : Foundation of Velia , in Campania , by the Phoenicians.
• 534 : Third coup supported by Pisistratus Thebes and Lygdamis Naxos. Battle of Pallene. Expulsion of Athens Miltiades the Elder in the Thracian Chersonese.
• Around 530 : Pythagoras in Italy 's south. Sparta closing exchanges.
• Around 530 - 525 : Appearance of the currencies of Athens "to the owl."
• 529 : Death of Cyrus. Advent of Cambyses II.
• 528 : Death of Pisistratus. Tyranny of Hippias in Athens.
• 525 : archon at Athens Cleisthenes the Alcmaeonidae.
• 522 : Accession of Darius.
• 522 - 521 : Revolts in the Persian empire. Secession satrap of Lydia. Execution of Polycrates.
• 520 : Coming of Cleomenes at Sparta and early Spartan expansionism.
• 519 : Darius took control of Lydia and the Ionian.
• 517 : Samos , Chios and Lesvos under Persian rule.
• 516 : The Athenian Miltiades the Elder settled in Thrace , in the ancestral possessions of Thracian Chersonese.
• Around 515 : Refusal to speak at Sparta and Samos in the Scythians against the Persians.
• 514 : Tyrannicide in Athens: Murder of Hipparchus , brother of Hippias , by Tyrannoktones Harmodius and Aristogeiton.
• 513 : Expedition of Darius in Europe, against the Scythians. Participation of the Greeks of Ionia and Miltiades. First passage of the Straits.
• 512 : Conquest of Thrace by the Persians.
• 512 - 511 : Conquest of Thrace Megabazus.

Classical Period

End of the ^Sixth

• 510 : Intervention Spartan in Athens against the tyrant. Overthrow of tyranny in Athens. Return of exiles. Exile of Hippias with the Persians. Stasis between Cleisthenes and the Alcmaeonidae Isagoras , chief oligarchs. Intervention Cleomenes of Sparta in favor of Isagoras.
• 508 : First treaty between Rome and Carthage that share the Mediterranean West. Spartan intervention in Athens (failure). Reform of Cleisthenes. Implementation frameworks democratic.
• To 506 : New shipment of Sparta against Athens. Conflict between the city of Sparta and King Demaratus.
• 505 : Beginning of the tyranny of Clandros at Gela.

^Fifth century

• 500 : Persian expedition against Naxos. Mission of Aristagoras of Miletus in Sparta and Athens. Low up of Greek imports in the Mediterranean West.
• 499 - 494 : Revolt of the cities of Ionia against the Persians.
• 498 : Sparta refuses to intervene in Ionia. Sack of Sardis by the Ionians, Athenians and allies to Eretrians. The Caria and Lycia , and Cyprus joined the revolt. Athens and Eretria withdraw their troops. End the tyranny of Clandros tyranny and beginning of Hippocrates to Gela.
• 497 : Fighting in Cyprus.
• 497 - 496 : Persian offensive in Asia Minor by land. Headquarters Miletus.
• 496 - 495 : Ionian Attempt to open a front in Thrace. Campaigns of Hippocrates in Sicily Eastern cities Chalcidian cons.
• 494 : Spartan Victory on Argos to Speia. Reduction of Cyprus. The Persian fleet is in the Aegean. Pacification of the coastal Anatolia. Ionians defeat at Lade. Fall of Miletus. Mission Datis Sardis at Persepolis in preparation for the cons-offensive in the Aegean. Beginning of the tyranny of Anaxylas at Rhegion. Hippocrates of Gela attack against Syracuse.
• 493 : Ionian last offensive in the northwest of Asia Minor. Capture and execution of the ringleaders of the revolt. Restoration of Persian rule in Ionia.
• 492 : Reorganization of the cities of Ionia. Establishment of "democracies" by the Persians. Expedition Mardonius in Thrace. The Athenian Miltiades abandoned ancestral possessions of the Thracian Chersonese and returned to Athens.
• 491 : Spartan intervention in Aegina. Emissaries of Darius / A> Greek states to ask for their submission. Beginning of hostilities between Athens and Aegina. Hipocrates death. Gelo the tyrant of Gela becomes. Expulsion of the aristocrats of Syracuse.
• 490 : Naval Ships Datis and Artaphernes the islands and Athens cons ( first Median war ).
  • Spring: A squadron commanded by Datis Persian appears in Aegean, from Cilicia.
  • March: Victory on Aegina Athens.
  • Summer: Making Naxos by the Persians. Siege and sack of Eretria in Euboea.
  • September: Landing Persia in Attica , at Marathon. Athenian victory at Marathon , Miltiades, whose architect is. Boarding the Persians. Failure of a landing Persian Phaleron.
  • Fall: Decline of the Persian fleet at the south-eastern Aegean.
• Spring 489 : Expedition of Miltiades to Paros in the Cyclades. Failure.
• 489 : Anaxilas Rhegion to take control of Messina and the Straits.
• 488 - 472 : Tyranny of Theron , in Agrigento.
• 486 : Death of Darius. Advent of Xerxes.
• 485 - 478 : tyranny of Gelo at Syracuse. His brother Hieron is governor Gela.
• 483 : At Athens, Naval Law Themistocles and ostracism of Aristides. Annexations and expulsions Gela Camarina , Megara Hyblaea ... Rrillos , tyrant of Himera , appealed to Carthage.
• 481 : War Preparations in Carthage and Sicily. Failure of negotiations between Gelo and Panhellenic League of Corinth.
• 481 : Mobilization Persian Sardis. Constitution of the Pan-Hellenic League in Sparta.
  • September: Acceleration of naval construction program in Athens.
  • October: Gathering of the Persian army at Sardis under the command of King Xerxes. Sending ambassadors to the Greek states.
  • November: Peace between Athens and Aegina, at war since 485.
• Winter 481 - 480 : Embassy of Greeks Gelo of Syracuse. Failure of the proposed alliance. Peace of thirty years between Sparta and Argos.
• 480 - 479 : Second Median war.
• 480 : Advanced Persian since the Straits until central Greece. Greek defeat at Thermopylae. Sack of Athens. Greek naval victory at Salamis. Intervention of Carthage in the affairs of Sicily. Greek victory of Himera.
  • Spring: Introduction of the Panhellenic league. Headquarters in the sanctuary of the Isthmus.
  • June: Xerxes spent the Hellespont. Joining the army and navy at the bottom of the Persian Gulf Thermaic in Macedonia. Meeting of the Greek states resistant to the sanctuary of the Isthmus. Common peace and return of exiles. Decision to defend Thermopylae.
  • Mid-August: Leonidas and his Spartan guard headed towards the Thermopylae. The Greek fleet back to Skiathos.
  • Late August: Xerxes encamped on the southern border of Macedonia. The fleet left the Persian Gulf Thermaic and along the coasts Macedonian and Thessalian.
  • September 15: The fleet arrives in the Persian Gulf Maliac in Thessaly. Early naval operations around Skiatos.
  • September 17: 200 Persian ships win Artemision Cape , north of Evia. Xerxes attacks Thermopylae.
  • September 18: Storm and the Persian destruction of 200 ships.
  • September 19: Death of Leonidas. Xerxes spent the Thermopylae.
  • September 21: Decline of the Greek fleet at Salamis. Greek decision to defend the Isthmus. In Athens , a decision to abandon the city.
  • September 27: Xerxes entered Athens.
  • September 28: Fire of the Acropolis. The Persian fleet in battle formation between Piraeus and Salamis. War Council of the Greeks.
  • September 29: Battle of Salamis. The Persians retreated to Athens and Faliro.
  • Early October: The Persian fleet returns to the Asia Minor. The Persian army leaves Athens and goes to winter in Thessaly. Xerxes returns to Asia and win Sardis. Command Mardonius.
• 479 : Victory of Plataea , which frees Greece. Naval victory at Mycale and liberation of Ionia.
  • June: Mardonius the invaded Boeotia. New waste and further destruction of Athens. Meeting of the Peloponnesian forces on the Isthmus , which date from Megara and Attica to Plataea in Boeotia. Battle of Plataea. Death Mardonius. Retirement of the Persians towards the straits.
  • July-August: The Greek fleet releases Chios , Samos and Lesbos that integrate the League. Battle of Cape Mycale and destroying fortifications Persian. The fleet goes to the Straits and releases Abydos.
  • Fall: Departure of Peloponnesian vessels.
• 478 : Fighting in the Straits. constitution by Athens in the Delian League. At Syracuse , died of Gelo and advent of Hiero. The third brother, Polyzlos is governor Gela.
  • Spring: The Spartan Pausanias , victor of Plataea , arrived before Constantinople , seat of Sestos. Destruction of the bridge of boats Persian on the Hellespont by the Athenian fleet. Recall Pausanias in Sparta. The Athenian fleet was left alone in the Aegean.
• 478 - 477 : Athens of the Foundation by Delian League.
• 476 : Expulsion of Persians in Thrace and in Europe. End the tyranny of Anaxilas to Rhegion.
• 474 : Naval Victory Hiero on the fleet Etruscan at Cumae.
• 472 : The Persians, tragedy of Aeschylus.
• 471 : Revolt of Naxos. Ostracism of Themistocles ? Death of Pausanias.
• 469 : Destruction of the Persian fleet. Liberation of the Greeks of Asia.
• 466 : Death of Hiero. Thrasybulus , the fourth brother, becomes tyrant of Syracuse.
• 465 : Drop Thrasybulus. End of tyranny in Sicily. Beginning of the revolt of Thasos.
• 464 : Earthquake in Sparta and the beginning of the revolt of the helots of Messenia.
• 463 : End of the revolt of Thasos.
• 461 : Ostracism of Cimon and reforms of Ephialtes in Athens.
• 461 - 446 : First Peloponnesian War between Sparta and Athens.
• 460 - 454 : Athenian Expedition to Cyprus and Egypt : failure.
• 456 : End of the revolt of helots of Messenia.
• 454 : Transfer of Treasury of the Delian League to Athens.
• 453 - 440 : Movement for the Liberation of Douktios in Sicily.
• 451 : First Law of Pericles.
• 450 : Opening the site of the Acropolis of Athens.
• 450 - 449 : Athens victorious campaign in Cyprus.
• 448 : Irregularities in the collection of tribute. Peace of Callias with the Persians? Second Sacred War.
• 447 : First Boeotian confederacy.
• 446 : Peace of thirty years between Sparta and Athens.
• 444 : Panhellenic Foundation Thurii.
• 441 - 431 : Government staff Pericles.
• 441 - 439 : Revolt of Samos.
• 438 : Completion of the Parthenon.
• 437 : Athenian Foundations north of the Aegean.
• 435 : Conflict between Corcyra and Corinth.
• 435 - 432 : Political trials against the entourage of Pericles.
• 433 : Alliance with Corcyra to Athens.
• 432 : Revolt Potidaea and Athenian intervention. Decree against Megara ? Conference of Sparta.
• 431 - 421 : War of Archidamus.
• Early Spring 432 : Theban Expedition to Plataea.
• May-June 431 : Invasion of Attica by the Spartan army. Installing a cleruchies to Aegina. Alliance of Athens with the king of Thrace.
• 430 : Top of the plague in Athens. Revocation of Pericles. New invasion of Attica.
• Winter 430 - 429 : Surrender of Potidaea in Halkidiki.
• 429 : Plague. Re-election and death of Pericles. Headquarters Plataea by the Peloponnesian army.
• 428 : Third invasion of Attica. Revolt of Lesbos , led by Mytilene.
• Spring 427 : Surrender of Mytilene. Installing a cleruchies.
• Summer 427 : Surrender of Plataea.
• 427 : Beginning of the civil war in Corcyra.
• 426 : First Athenian expedition to Sicily.
• 425 : End of civil war in Corcyra.
  • Spring Fifth invasion of Attica. Athenian naval expedition along the coast of the Peloponnese , to Pylos : blockade of the Spartan Sphacteria.
  • Summer: Reassessment of tribute by Cleon.
• 424 : Renewal of peace between Athens and the Persians. Athenian occupation of Cythera. Spartan expedition in Halkidiki : conquest of Amphipolis by Brasidas. Athenian defeat in the face Boeotians to Delium. Return of the Athenian fleet in Sicily.
• 423 : Accession of Darius II in a troubled context.
  • February: one-year truce.
• 422 : Battle of Amphipolis. Death Brasidas and Cleon to Eion.
• 421 : fifty years of peace between Sparta and Athens, called " Peace of Nicias. "
• 420 : Alcibiades elected strategist at Athens.
• 417 : Ostracism of Hyperbolus in Athens.
• 416 : Tissaphernes , satrap of Lydia , reduces revolt Pissouthns.
• 416 - 415 : Expedition against Melos.
• 415 - 413 : Athenian expedition to Sicily. Disaster.
• 413 : Establishment of a commission of 10 probouloi to revise the Athenian constitution.
• Spring: Occupation Spartan Decelea.
  • Summer: defeats Athenian Sicily.
  • Fall: Darius again demands tribute from the Ionian cities.
• Winter 413 - 412 : Sent Tissaphernes in Sparta. Athens argues the son of Pissouthns.
• 412 : Revolt of Athenian allies. Treaty between Sparta and the Persians.
  • Summer: First treaty between Tissaphernes and the Peloponnesian League. Concentration of naval forces in Ionia.
• Winter 412 - 411 : Delay of Supply Persian: second treaty between Sparta and the Persians. Battle of Miletus.
• 411 : Coup reactionary in Athens (the Four Hundred ). Intrigues of Alcibiades , who left the camp for Tissaphernes Spartan and Persian negotiates alliance against his return to Athens. Failure.
  • Spring oligarchic revolution in Athens. Alcibiades at Samos. Reopening of the Straits.
  • May: Commission extended to ten thirty and with full powers.
  • Early June: Meeting of Colones. Government of the Four Hundred
  • Summer: procrastination Tissaphernes that folds on the southern Asia Minor. Alcibiades went to join him.
  • August: Assassination of Phrynichus. Government of the Five Thousand around Theramenes in Athens. Cruise fleet in the Straits. Victory Cynosma near Abydos. (End of History of Thucydides ).
  • Fall: Tensions between the Peloponnesians and the Persians in Ionia. Return Tissaphernes. The Peloponnesians approximate Pharnabazus , the satrap of Phrygia.
• Winter 411 - 410 : Mission of Alcibiades with Tissaphernes for subsidies; interned at Sardis.
• Spring 410 : Restore democracy in Athens and the Athenian power in the Aegean. Victory at Cyzicus fleet commanded by Alcibiades.
• 409 : In Sicily , Carthaginian and advanced destruction of Selinus and Himera.
• Winter 408 - 407 : Darius II is committed to supporting the Peloponnesians. Appointment of Cyrus at the head of Lydia and Phrygia , head of military operations. Friendship of Cyrus and navarch Spartan Lysander.
• 407 : Lysander fleet commander. Return of Alcibiades to Athens. Loss of Meaning and retired in Thrace. (Early History of Xenophon ).
• 406 : Carthaginian Conquest of Agrigento. Dionysius as head of Syracuse with full powers. Minutes of the Athenian strategists.
  • Summer: hollow victory to Athens Arginusae islands.
• 405 : Defeat of the Athenians to Aigos Potamos. Carthaginian conquest of Gela and Camarina.
  • September: Destruction of the Athenian fleet at Aigos-Potamos.
  • End 405 : First peace treaty between Denys and Carthage.
• 404 : Siege and surrender of Athens. End of the Peloponnesian War. Death of Darius II and accession of Artaxerxes II.
  • Spring 404 : Surrender of Athens. The strategist Athenian Conon took refuge in Cyprus , then to the king.
  • June-December: Plan of the Thirty in Athens.
  • December: Thrasybulus captured Fort Phyle.
• 404 - 403 : Operation of Lysander in the Aegean and Ionian.
  • Winter 404 - 403 : Walk on Thrasybulus Piraeus. Battle of Mounychie. Release of Piraeus.
• 403 : Restore democracy in Athens.
  • Fall: Pacification of Attica by the Spartan king Pausanias ^I..
  • September: Battle near Piraeus. General amnesty and negotiations in Athens. Thirty decline to Eleusis.
  • End 403 : Restoration of democracy.
• 403 - 399 : Review of laws and change of alphabet Athens.
• 401 - 400 : Revolt of Cyrus the younger against King Artaxerxes II Memnon's brother, he hired Greek mercenaries through a Spartan. Expedition in Mesopotamia. Battle of Counaxa and death of Cyrus. "Anabasis" of Ten Thousand.

^Fourth century

• 400 - 399 : Spartan campaigns against Elis.
• 400 - 394 : Spartan campaigns in Asia Minor against the Persians.
  • 400 - 399 : Operations Thibron in Aeolis then rot.
  • 399 - 397 : Operations Dercylidas in Aeolis and around the Straits; raid Thrace ; operations in Caria.
  • 396 - 394 : Victory of Agesilaus II on Tissaphernes.
• 399 : At Athens , trial and death of Socrates , to Sparta , conspiracy Cinadon.
• 397 : Conquest of Motya by Denys.
• 397 - 395 : Conon needed at the head of the Persian fleet.
• 396 : Landing of Himilco to Palermo. Headquarters of Syracuse. Retirement of Himilco.
• 395 - 390 : War of Corinth.
  • 395 - 394 : Spartan operations in central Greece. Death of Lysander. Reminder Agesilaus II. Victory Coronea.
  • 394 : Victory of Cnidus on the Spartans, who eliminated the Aegean sea : beginning of the military reorganization of Athens. Sparta withdrew from Asia and islands.
• 394 - 393 : Joint Action of Conon and Persians in the Hellespont.
• 393 : Return of Conon at Athens : Reconstruction of the Long Walls and a fleet.
  • 393 - 390 : Operations in the region of the Isthmus of Corinth.
  • 392 : Attempts at peace. Mission of Antalcidas Asia who obtains the support of satrap Tiribazus.
• 392 : Second Treaty of Peace between Denys and Carthage.
• Around 392 : Foundation italote League, representing the cities of Magna Graecia.
  • 390 : Sending a Spartan fleet at Rhodes.
  • 389 : Expedition of Agesilaus II in Akarnania.
• To 389 : First trip of Plato in Italy and Sicily.
• 389 - 388 : Transactions in the Saronic Gulf , around Aegina. Athens control Byzantium and Mytilene.
• 388 : Naval Ships of Antalcidas in Ionia , then in the Hellespont. Freedom of navigation for the Athenians. Victory of Dionysius on the league.
• 387 - 386 : The fleet of Sparta Road controlling wheat Thracian; difficult supply to Athens.
• 386 : King's Peace (or Peace Antalcidas ). Siege and capitulation of Rhegion.
• 385 : Destruction of Mantinea. Reorganization of the Peloponnesian League. Colonization in the Adriatic : foundation of Issa.
• 384 : Sack of sanctuary Pyrgi.
• 382 : Occupation of Thebes by the Spartans (occupancy Cadmea ) Athens hosts the Theban exiles. Birth of Philip II of Macedon , the last son of King Amyntas.
• 379 : Liberation of Thebes.
• 378 : Second Athenian Sea League.
• 378 - 376 : Spartan campaigns in Boeotia.
• 378 : Failure of the 1st campaign conducted by Cleombrotus Boeotia. Establishment of a Spartan garrison in the town of Boeotia Thespiae. Before the arrival of armed Spartan tactical reversal from the Athenians condemnation of the generals who helped the Thebans to drive the Spartans of Cadmea.
• 377 : The Spartan commander Sphodrias, based in Athens Thespiae attack at night, but was surprised and defeated. He retreated. Athens joined the Theban alliance. Historians are divided on the causes of this surprise attack: there are two currents, the former says that Sphodrias acted on the orders of Sparta, and so it was a premeditated act of war, the other stream is that Sphodrias acted in his name alone is to please his king Agesilaus he was near, or on behalf of the Thebans he would accceptable gifts (Theban tradition).
  • Failure of the 2nd season of Boeotia led Cleombrotus: it is blocked at Mount Cythera by the joint presence of armed Athenian and Theban. He turns back. Sparta and its allies are then faced with a dilemma: to recognize the resurgent power of Athens and Thebes, or find a new way to undermine these new powers. Sparta still has the strength to fight. She therefore agrees with his allies in congress meeting to continue the war, but according to a clear focus: to fight against both powers simultaneously: 1) against Thebes expected a landing in Phocis (either west or by east), 2) against Athens is expected that a naval blockade asphixiera the capital, weaken and will require a compromise.
• 377 : Order of Aristotelis: new accessions to the 2nd Athenian League.
• 376 : Sparta implements his plan of landing troops in Phocis with its allies and blockaded the port of Athens by stationing ships in Andros and Evia preventing any ship to deliver in Attica.
  • The blockade is felt in Athens, and the fleet has no other choice but to give battle to the enemy. The command of the fleet is given to the famous general Chabrias.

He gave battle off Naxos and beat the Spartan fleet commanded by Pollis. Making one stone: he broke the blockade and brought the surrounding islands in the Athenian alliance.

• • In Sparta is the crisis: not only failed to enter into Boeotia past two years, but also the rescue plan falls through. Sparta and its allies have more than half-heartedly applied the last shot they have left: land in Phocis to pressure it to Thebes to join the Spartan alliance. Once done, it will be easier to bring down the rebel Athens.
  • The Thebans, the Spartans know that want to land on the neighboring Terrra Phocis to attack then warn the Athenians and on behalf of the alliance who reads them ask them to intervene despite the fact quye the Thebans were always not paid their contribution to the Second League ... This will be felt for years to come: Athens readily agrees to act all that Sparta still shows strong signs of strength, but also saw Athens as his victories naavales it could expand its league and therefore s enrich; the Athenians Thebans offering to intervene in Phocis East, they accept, then, knowing that not far is the island of Corcyra, the island's richest who is not yet under their control. They also remember the role that had been Corcyra in the Peloponnesian War; Corcyra had helped the Athenians against Sparta, and already his wealth helped him fight. Not only the island was rich but she was endowed with more of a powerful fleet. But the Spartans, known for their lack of experience in shipbuilding, they needed to fight against Athens. If Athens succeeded so his expedition in eastern Phocis, it would have crossed a significant milestone in the war that pitted the Spartans, and probably it would also require Thebes to comply more easily with the requirements of the league, namely the syntax or pay tax the 2nd league.
• 375 : Expedition Corcyra conducted by Timothy ; he defeated Sparta at the Battle of Alyzia.
  • Athens decides to assemble the largest fleet possible shipment is entrusted to Timothy, the son of Conon, who had beaten the Spartans in 394 at Knidos. Box of 60 ships he sailed to Corcyra in touring the Peloponnese. It passes through the island Cephallania it off and brought to Sparta in the league, he also enlisted the alliance of cities and peoples living north of Phocis (the Hounds, Acarnania).
  • He defeated the Spartans at Alyze then besieged and took Corcyra. It sends commands to ask Callistratus Athens. As it comes with orders to make peace, he returned to Athens.
  • King's Peace (peace between all the Greeks, except with Thebes that still refuses to renounce Boeotia).
• 374 : Sparta takes advantage of the departure of the Athenians to reinvest the lost cities. They send a troop to Zacynthus, and plans to lay siege to Corcyra.
• 373 : Athens in the Ionian Sea Timothy returns to help his allies. The war resumed. But Timothy is taking too long to assemble his fleet in the Aegean part despite the orders received and is removed from office in favor of Iphicrates.
  • Ctsicls voice is sent by land to Corcyra with 500 men to help support the Corcyreans spartan headquarters. Arrived at Corcyra, the Athenian takes things in hand, and defeated the Spartans, who had softened during the siege.
  • Iphicrate is praised by Xenophon (Hellnqiues) for the speed and force of his expedition, he manages to so easily Cephallania where he defeated the Spartan reinforcements sent from Sicily (Denys was then allied with Sparta). He arrived at Corcyra and sees the city already out of the seat by Spartan Ctsicls.
  • Jason Pherae submit Thessaly under his authority.
• 372 : Iphicrates strong fleet of 90 ships, plans to attack Sparta. But recent events in Boeotia dissuaded him: Thebes no longer paid his due in Athens for years, took the opportunity to expand its aura in Boeotia same: after submitting Thespiae Tanagra Orchomenos, Plataea, and all other cities She turned to neighbors of Phocis including Athens were allies. The Plataeans, historic allies of Athens, where Isocrates composed his Plataitque, had been driven from their city Thebes and took refuge in Athens.
• 371 : Peace of Sparta. Peace among all Greeks except Thebes.
• 371 : Battle of Leuctra. Reinstating the Boeotian confederacy. Pherae Jason / A> proclaimed tagos of Thessaly. Murder of Jason Pherae Hellenistic Period

  End ^of the fourth century

  • 323 - 321 : First period of wars of succession (the fight between the Diadochi ).
  • 322 : Defeat of the fleet of Greek cities revolted in the waters of Amorgos ; defeat of the army at the Battle of Crannon. Death of Demosthenes , of Hyperides and Aristotle. End of the war Lamian. Macedonian garrison in Piraeus. Oligarchic government of Phocion in Athens.
  • 321 : Death of Perdiccas and Crater. Conference triparadisos.
  • 321 - 316 : Second period of wars of succession (the fight between the Diadochi).
  • 319 : Death of Antipater. Polyperchon took over in Greece. Polyperchon amnesty. Restoration of democracy.
  • 318 : Death of Philip Arrhidaeus. Olympias took power. In Athens, government Demetrios Phalereus. Cassandre master of Piraeus.
  • 317 : Beginning of the government of Demetrius of Faliro. Constitution census.
  • 316 : Death of Olympias. Agathocles , strategist of Sicily with full powers. Death of Eumenes.
  • 315 - 311 : Third period of the wars of succession (the fight between the Diadochi).
  • 311 : Liberation of the Islands. League of Islanders.
  • 311 - 306 : Agathocles War against Carthage.
  • 310 : Death of Alexander IV. Cassandre master of Macedonia.
  • 307 : Demetrius Poliorcetes in Athens and Piraeus release. End of the government of Demetrius Phalereus. Restoration of democracy.
  • 306 : Victory of Salamis in Cyprus. Antigonus and Demetrius Poliorcetes take the royal title.
  • 306 - 305 : "Year of kings."
  • 306 - 304 : Ptolemy , Seleucus , Cassander, Lysimachus and Agathocles take the royal title. Headquarters Rhodes by Demetrios Poliorcetes.
  • 305 - 304 : Cassandra issue between Athens and Demetrios. Demetrius supported by demagogues ( Stratocles ).
  • 305 - 303 : Campaign Seleucus in Asia and Central India.
  • 301 : Battle of Ipsos. Antigone's death. The moderates are in power in Athens (trend Phaidros ). Political neutrality.

  ^Third century

  • 299 : Agathocles takes Corcyra.
  • 297 : Death of Cassandra. Restoration of Pyrrhus in Epirus.
  • 295 : Tyranny military Lachares. Democratic resistance in Piraeus.
  • 294 : ^I. Poliorcetes Demetrius , king of Macedonia , Control Athens and Greece after the fall of central Lachares. Authoritarian regime and famine.
  • 292 - 287 : oligarchic period, after recalling the exiled oligarchs.
  • 290 - 289 : Conflict between Pyrrhus and Demetrius, who is Corcyra. Death of Agathocles.
  • 288 : Sharing of Macedonia between Pyrrhus and Lysimachus.
  • 288 - 287 : Election and re-election Phaidros as strategist of hoplites.
  • Spring 287 : Uprising against the Macedonians. Intervention by the Ptolemaic fleet commanded by Kallias , brother Phaidros. Failure of the siege by Demetrius. Peace between Ptolemy ^I and Demetrius: liberation of Athens but not of Piraeus.
  • Summer 287 : Athens is liberated from the Macedonian garrison.
  • 287 - 262 : Period democratic Athens. Friendship Ptolemaic.
  • 286 : Evacuation of the Macedonian garrison of Eleusis.
  • 286 - 281 : unsuccessful attempts to recover Piraeus.
  • 285 : King Lysimachus alone in Macedonia. Demetrius prisoner of Seleucus.
  • 283 - 280 : Death of the last Diadochi.
  • 283 : Death of Demetrius and Ptolemy ^I. Advent of Ptolemy II : peak of Ptolemaic kingdom.
  • 282 - 281 : Evacuation of the garrison of Salamis. Recovery cleruchies.
  • 281 : Battle of Couroupdion in Lydia. Death of Lysimachus. Advent of Areos to Sparta.
  • 280 : Death of Seleucus. Kraunos Ptolemy master of Macedonia. Posthumous honors voted to Demosthenes.
  • 280 - 275 : Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, in Italy and Sicily. Roman victory.
  • 279 - 278 : Invasion Galatian Macedonia and Greece ( Great shipping ). Death of Ptolemy Kraunos fighting against them. Advent of Antigonus Gonatas in Macedonia. Rise of the Confederation Aetolian.
  • 278 : Participation of Athens in the fight against the Celts.
  • 274 - 272 : War of Syria , between Ptolemies and Seleucids.
  • 272 : Embassy of Ptolemy II to the Roman Senate. Beginning of friendship between the Ptolemaic and Rome.
  • 270 : Honors voted Democrat in Leochares and Kallias Sphettos of the "liberator" of 287.
  • Around 268 : Hiero , king in Syracuse.
  • 268 - 267 ? : archon of Peithidmos : beginning of the war against Antigonus (War Chrmonids ) alliance of Athens with Sparta (Chrmonids decree).
  • 267 ? : Strengths and Ptolemaic Antigonids in Attica.
  • Around 267 - 262 : War Chrmonids.
  • 265 - 262 ? : Headquarters of Athens.
  • 263 : Independence of Pergamum.
  • 262 : Occupation and Macedonian government in Athens.
  • 260 - 253 : Second Syrian War.
  • 256 - 255 : Escape from Athens, but not foreign garrisons.
  • 251 : Beginning of the rise of the Achaean Confederacy.
  • Around 250 : Loss of the eastern borders of the Seleucid Empire.
  • 246 : End of the reign of Ptolemy II.
  • 246 - 241 : Changes reign and third Syrian war.
  • 240 - 238 "fratricidal war" in the Seleucid kingdom and constitution of the kingdom of Pergamum.
  • 244 : Visit of Antigone in Athens.
  • 244 - 222 : Time of the Kings reformers in Sparta.
  • Spring 243 : Insecurity in Athens after the occupation of Corinth by Aratus of Sicyon.
  • 238 : Evacuation of the fortresses of the campaign by Demetrius II of Macedon.
  • 231 - 230 : End of the kingdom of Epirus.
  • 229 : Death of Demetrius II. Negotiating the withdrawal of the garrison of Piraeus. Policy of neutrality and non-intervention, led by Euryceids and Mikion. Roman intervention in the Adriatic.
  • 229 - 228 : War of Illyria.
  • 227 : Earthquake in Rhodes. Constitution of the Roman province of Sicily.
  • 227 - 222 : War Cleomenes. Reconstruction of the Hellenic League.
  • 223 : Rise of Antiochus III. General revolt.
  • 221 : Coming of Philip V.
  • 221 - 217 : Fourth Syrian War. Battle of Raphia. Allied war between Aetolia and the Hellenic League. Peace Naupactus.
  • 219 : War of Illyria. Start of Second Punic War. Delivery of wheat to Rome in Ptolemaic times of shortage.
  • 215 : Alliance of Philip V of Macedonia and Hannibal. Beginning of the first war in Macedonia.
  • 212 : Treaty Romano-Aetolian. Intervention of Rome in the war.
  • 211 : Alliance of Rome and the League Aetolian with the cities of Sparta , Messenia and Elis against Philip V of Macedon.
  • 205 : End of the War of Macedonia. First Roman intervention in the Ptolemaic kingdom. At the advent of a boy king ( Ptolemy V ) and then that Antiochus III at the gates of Egypt , Rome obtained the withdrawal of the Seleucid.
  • 202 : End of the Second Punic War.
  • 200 : Alliance of Attalus of Pergamum and Rome.

  ^Second century

  • 200 - 197 : Second Macedonian War.
  • 196 : Rome proclaims the freedom of the Greeks.
  • 195 : Hannibal with of Antiochus III.
  • 192 - 188 : War or Etolo-Syrian Antiochus. Passage of the Romans in Asia.
  • 188 : Peace of Apamea. Withdrawal of the Seleucids of Asia Minor. Height of Pergamum and Rhodes , allies of Rome.
  • 171 - 168 : Third Macedonian war.
  • 168 : Disappearing Antigonid kingdom. Diplomatic intervention of Rome in the sixth war to Syria : ultimatum to Antiochus IV : the legacy Popilius Laena requires him to lift the siege of Alexandria.
  • 167 : Looting of Epirus to the return of the legions. Beginning of the revolt of the Maccabees.
  • Around 166 : Creation of the Free Port of Delos at the expense of Rhodes.
  • 164 : First division of the kingdom of the Ptolemies : Third Roman intervention, during the fratricidal war between Ptolemy VI and his brother Ptolemy VIII , the Senate requires a sharing of the kingdom.
  • 149 - 148 : Revolt of Andriscus in Macedonia. Constitution of the province of Macedonia.
  • 149 - 146 : Third Punic War.
  • 147 - 146 : War of Achaia.
  • 146 : Destruction of Corinth and Carthage.
  • 145 - 116 : Reign stirred Ptolemy VIII Evergetes II.
  • 140 : Extension of the Kingdom Parthian until Mesopotamia.
  • 133 : Death of Attalus III , who bequeathed his kingdom to Rome.
  • 133 - 128 : Revolt of Aristonicus at Pergamum. Constitution of the province of Asia.
  • 129 : Defeat and death of Antiochus VII against the Parthians. Beginning of Seleucid decline.
  • 121 : Start of reign of Mithradates VI in the bridge.

  ^first century

  • 89 - 85 : War Mithridatic ( Sylla ).
  • 88 : Massacre of Italians of Asia.
  • 86 : Sulla's victory at the Third Battle of Chaeronea on an army of Mithridates VI.
  • 80 : Intervention by Sylla: the death of Ptolemy IX , without legitimate male heir, Sylla installed on the throne the prince of his choice, Ptolemy XI Alexander II.
  • 74 - 70 : Mithridatic War II ( Lucullus ).
  • 67 - 63 : Third war Mithridatic and reorganization of the East by Pompey. End of the Seleucid kingdom.
  • 63 : End of reign of Mithradates VI.
  • 58 : Ptolemy XII Auletes fled to Pompey in Rome.
  • 55 : Speech by the Governor of Syria Gabinius. Auletes Ptolemy is restored to the throne.
  • 54 - 51 : Gaius Rabirius Posthumus is Minister of Finance of the Ptolemaic kingdom.
  • 51 : Advent of Cleopatra in Alexandria.
  • 48 : First civil war. Battle of Pharsalia in Thessaly. Running Pompey fled to Egypt.
  • 48 - 47 : Rise of Alexandria. Campaigns of Caesar in Egypt and the Bridge. To serve the interests of Cleopatra, he liquidates his brother-husband Ptolemy XIII and placed on the throne, the younger brother, Ptolemy XIV. Liaison with Cleopatra. Birth of Ptolemy XV (Cesareo).
  • 47 - 44 : Cleopatra and Caesarion to Rome.
  • 44 : Re-founding of Corinth by Caesar as a Roman colony.
  • 41 - 30 : Statement of Anthony. Liaison with Cleopatra and the birth of three children.
  • 42 : Second Civil War. Battle of Philippi in a href = "% C3% Mac A9doine_romaine" alt = "Roman Macedonia" class = "mw-redirect"> Macedonia.
  • 34 : Antony in Alexandria. Reorganization of the East around Alexandria.
  • 31 : Battle of Actium.
  • 30 : Organization of the province of Egypt after the suicide of Cleopatra and Marc Antony.
  • 27 : Constitution of the province of Achaia.

  Roman Greece

  Main article: Roman Greece.

  Note: the dates of this part are AD.

  • 25 : Death of Strabo.
  • 66 - 67 : Release of the Greeks by Nero and abolition of the province of Achaia.
  • 74 : Reaction and unphilosophical antihellniste of Vespasian. Restoration of the province of Achaia.
  • Around 120 : Death of Plutarch.
  • 124 - 125 : First Trip to Hadrian in Greece and Asia.
  • 128 - 129 : Second trip to Hadrian.
  • 131 - 132 : Third trip to Hadrian. Foundation Panhellnion.
  • Mid- ^second century : Description of Greece (periegesis) of Pausanias. History of Arrian (Anabasis of Alexander and the History of the Diadochi, of which there remain only fragments).
  • 162 : Odeon of Herod Atticus in Athens.
  • 166 : Great Plague.
  • 170 : Invasion of Costoboques.
  • 267 : Invasion of Heruli.
  • 393 : last Olympics.

  See also

  • History of Ancient Greece
  • Ancient Greece Portal

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