Catalan
| Catalan Catal | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in | Spain , France , Andorra , Italy |
| Region | Catalonia , Valencia , Balearic Islands , Eastern Pyrenees , Aragon ( Franja de Ponent ), Murcia ( El Carxe ), Sardinia ( Alghero ) |
| Number of speakers | between 9.1 and 10 million |
| Typology | SVO syllabic (controversial) |
| Classification by family | |
| |
| Official status | |
| Official language of |  Andorra ;  Catalonia ,  Balearic Islands ,  Valencian Community ,  Spain and declared a minority language in Alghero |
| Governed by | Institut d'Estudis Catalans Acadmia Valenciana de la Llengua |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | ca |
| ISO 639-2 | cat |
| ISO 639-3 | cat |
| IETF | ca |
| Sample | |
| Article I of the Declaration of Human Rights ( see text in French ) Article 1 | |
change  | |
Catalan (Catalan: is a language belonging to the branch Romance family of languages Indo-European. It has between 9.1 and 10 million speakers in Catalonia , in the Valencia (where he called Valencian ), in the Balearic Islands in a game of Aragon (the Franja de Ponent ) in Andorra ( where he is the only official language ) in most of the Pyrnes-Orientales and Alghero ( L'Alguer ) in Sardinia. He is from the Vulgar Latin of the Catalan Pyrenees ( v. 900 ). The name appears in Catalonia in the twelfth century, it would come from Gothalanie, amalgam Godos ( Goths ) and Alanos ( Alani ) or an eponymous hero, Otger Catalonia History Catalan uses the Latin alphabet enriched digraphs of diacritical marks ( acute accent , grave accent , the midpoint in the digraph l (called: ela geminadas), cedilla under c, umlaut ) and diacritical letters (after u g and q i to x and g). There are many diphthongs, represented by pairs of vowels. The alphabet is as follows: The letters in parentheses are the possible variants (with diacritics, digraphs in ...) that does not count as independent letters. One class vowels with an accent acute after the simple and before those carrying the serious and the umlaut. When homonyms are distinguished by the accent, the final stress precedes other places (anima animation before). Are indicated only the main differences between French and Catalan Central, close to Barcelona variant. There are significant differences phonological and phonetic block from the western dialect of Catalan (areas of Lleida and Valencia): Catalan is used daily and its use tends to spread. Prohibited in public under Franco (speeches, documents, books, theater ... ), there remained a spoken language. Since the new Spanish constitution of 1978 , this language is once again official Catalonia , the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community (under the name Valencian ) tied with Castilian (and Aranese , variety of Gascon , in the Val d ' Aran ). There is abundant literature in Catalonia and Catalan all bookstores, including supermarkets, offer works written in or translated into that language. Similarly, the road signs are in Catalan only doubled in Castilian on the roads. Catalan universities offer courses preferably in Catalan (see illustration realistic in the film L'Auberge Espagnole ), including highly technical course (computer network management or veterinary medicine, for example). Most of theses are supported, as was the case before 1750 in Perpignan / Perpignan at Valencia in Catalan. Others are supported in Castilian and a significant part in English, according to the voluntary basis of the candidate. The television ( CCRTV ) broadcasts in Catalan on TV3 since 1981 and on other public channels: in analog Canal33 , cultural and sports channel, and K3/300 chain infant and series, but on the TDT ( TNT ), K3 and 300 are separated and it adds a news channel 3 / 24 , a channel for children and adolescents Super Channel 3 and an interactive channel. At Valencia , there are also Canal 9 , Punt 2 , and Andorra, Andorra TV. Now come in addition to private channels like TV FLAIX , Pirineu TV , Barcelona TV , 8TV , Urbe TV , Channel catal , 25 TV or Localia. Many, many radios are issued in Catalan: the Catalan public ( Rdio Catalunya , Catalunya Msica , Catalunya Informaci , iCat FM ) or Spanish ( Radio5 , or private ( Rac1 , Rac 105 ) Flaix FM , FlaixBAC etc..). All these programs are available in Roussillon and Cerdanya where it adds a radio Rdio Arrels Perpignan which broadcasts from 1981 (oldest French radio to transmit exclusively in a language other than French.). Sardana (Sardana) apricot (albercoc) itself borrowed from Arabic (al-barquq ), who had taken Greek (), which was borrowed from Latin , eggplant (alberginia) him also borrowed from Arabic (al-bdindjn), who had taken the Persian, which had taken him to India, hut (barraca) ... 
Writing and spelling
Pronunciation
The Charter for the Catalan
Examples
Word Translation Pronunciation Eastern
(Eg. Central) Western pronunciation
(Eg. Valencian) earth terra span title = "International Phonetic Alphabet" class = "IPA" style = "font-family: 'DejaVu Sans',' Doulos SIL ',' Lucida Grande ',' Segoe UI ',' Arial Unicode MS ',' Adobe Std Pi ',' Lucida Sans Unicode ',' Unicode Chrysanthi 'Code2000, Gentium, GentiumAlt' TITUS Cyberbit Basic ',' Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Kaku Gothic Pro Hiragino', 'Matrix Unicode', sans- serif "> sky cel water aigua fire jib man home Women Dona Dining Menjar drink butter great gran small small / xic / xicotet buy comprar night nit day dia / jorn English angle / angles why per qu Valencia Valncia Some French words of Catalan origin
References
See also
Related articles
External Links
Language Resources
Dictionaries
Aragon Asturian Castilian Catalan Dalmatian (extinct) French Francoprovenal Galician Italian Occitan Portuguese Romansh Romanian Sardinian Sicilian Walloon
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