Barcelona
| Barcelona | |
|---|---|
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| Views of Barcelona. | |
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| Flag | Blazon |
| General Information | |
| Local name | Barcelona (ES) (ca) |
| Status | Municipio |
| Country |  Spain |
| Comunidad |  Catalonia |
| Province |  Barcelona Province |
| County | Barcelons |
| District Serbian justice. | Barcelona |
| Postcode | 08.0XX |
| Demonym | Barcelona (e) (en) Barcelona (nina) (ca) Barcelons (esa) (es) |
| Geographic Data | |
| Contact | 41 23 '00 "North 2 10 '00 "East / 41.383333, 2.166667 |
| Area | 100.4 2007 |
| Website | http://www.bcn.cat/ |
| Culture | |
| Patron saint | Santa Eulalia and Mare de Du de la Merc |
| Sites classified by UNESCO | Works of Antoni Gaud ( 1984 and 2005 ) Palace of Catalan Music Hospital de Sant Pau ( 1997 ) |
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Barcelona Catalan , pronounced / bslon / and in Spanish , pronounced / baelona / ), in Spain , is the capital of the administrative and economic Catalonia , the Barcelona province , the county of El Barcelons well as its area and its metropolitan area.
It is the second city of the Spanish state in terms of population and activities, the eleventh city 's most populated of the European Union and the sixth in its suburbs, including : about five million people live in the Barcelona agglomeration . The bulk of the adjacent municipalities are also collected in the Area Metropolitana de Barcelona.
Located on the coast Mediterranean , it is crossed by the rivers Llobregat and Besos , and is bordered on the west by Collserola which culminates at 512 meters.
It is considered a world city because of its importance in the fields of finance of international trade , of edition , the arts , the entertainment and media. Barcelona is a major economic center that has, moreover, a major port and the Mediterranean second busiest airport behind that of Spain Madrid-Barajas. She is also the city that has the largest metropolitan park in the world, the park Collserola before Central Park in New York.
Having been founded by the Romans , the city became the capital of the Counts of Barcelona and one of the major cities of the Crown of Aragon. Redesigned several times during its history, it is now a tourist destination and has a major cultural heritage unique. The Gell Palace (in 1984 ), the Casa Mila , the Park Gell , the Palau de la Msica Catalana and the Hospital de Sant Pau appear elsewhere on the World Heritage List of UNESCO. In addition, the city is also known for hosting the Olympics in 1992 and, more recently, the headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean.
History
Antiquity
"Hannibal did not base Barcelona
Excavations have uncovered a part of the Roman city of Barcino, which is on display at Museum of City History. These archaeological work has enabled the Barcelona City Council to publish a historical record devoted to the history of the city from its origins to contemporary times. This file ends a persistent rumor, peddled by teachers until the twentieth century although historically false, "Hannibal Barca was not founded Barcelona , the son of the Emperor Augustus.
Middle Ages
In December 414, Barcelona was captured by the Visigoths of Athaulf coming from Italy. The Muslims took the city in the eighth century and the Governor will appoint bin Sulayman ibn al-Arabi Yaqzan. Barcelona was then part of al-Andalus. In 801 , the Carolingians conquered the city, they turn into the capital of the county of Barcelona , before adding to the Walk of Spain (Marca Hispanica, more precisely to lead the Hispanic market). In 859 , Barcelona is sacked by Vikings Head of Hastings , who come from Nantes and had wintered in Camargue .
Over time, the county acquired a certain independence vis--vis the Carolingian dynasty, whose reign officially ends in the tenth century. In 985 , Al-Mansur , the caliph of Cordoba , a town in southern Spain, Barcelona attack and pillage. He took with him many slaves. Count Borrell II asks for help to his sovereign Hugh Capet. The latter did not deign to come to his aid, the county takes a liberty of fact.
Paradoxically, this event will mark the beginning of an expansion of Catalonia , this movement will involve other states in the Spanish market (Hispanic). On the one hand, many Mozarabians and Jews fleeing persecution in the Caliphate of Cordoba, will find refuge in the former states of the Spanish Steps, where they bring all their knowledge and culture (this time no one spoke not-yet-in Castilian for " purity of blood "). On the other hand, in order to rebuild, farmers will lease their services as mercenaries of the caliph. Revenues in Catalonia, they will organize themselves to defend and employ farming techniques used in the Caliphate of Cordoba. They will thus build mills and irrigate the land. Trade with the caliphate will grow rapidly. This results in an increase in population and development techniques from the late tenth century.
The outbreak and development of the monastic pilgrimage to St. Jacques de Compostela will allow the transmission of this push technology to other States in the Spanish March , and then the rest of Europe. This technology development is also accompanied by a great expansion of culture. Pope Sylvester II , who was considered the most cultivated man of his time Modern Era From the fifteenth century, the city entered a period of decline following its dynastic alliances with Castile. The first of these alliances is the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile (the Catholic Kings ). Barcelona is a first devastated with the Republic of Catalonia (1640 to 1652, when the French were besieged in the city ). After the siege of 1697, Catalonia has sided with the Archduke Charles (proclaimed king under the name Charles III) against the Bourbon king, Philip V , it was again devastated during the war of succession ; from 1701 to 1714 It is lost by the Franco-Spanish, then besieged by them even in 1705 and 1706 ), which has resulted in part of the centralizing policies of Bourbon, the demise of institutions specific to Catalonia (council Hundred and Generalitat). The economic recovery started in the late seventeenth century and industrialization in the nineteenth century to allow Barcelona to convert into an important political and cultural center. Pascual Madoz , politician and writer, will be for some time in 1854, governor of Barcelona, which will modernize urban fighting against the cholera epidemic. In 1929, Barcelona holds its World Expo . From 1936, Spain is set alight by the civil war : Barcelona supports the Republican Forces in July 1936 and organized the Olympiads popular challenge for the organization of the Berlin Olympics. The city was taken by the forces of Franco in February 1939. Since the late 1970's , Barcelona has started a new urban and cultural development under the supervision of Josep Acebillo Marin, who gave it its current attractiveness. The return of democracy, autonomy, the increasing participation of civil society, major urban reforms and some international events like the Summer Olympics of 1992 gave the city a strong cosmopolitan and made a very attractive city for international tourism. In 2003, Barcelona hosted the fifteenth Festival Europa Cantat . On January 13, 2010, Mayor Jordi Hereu announced the candidature of Barcelona to host the 2022 Winter Olympics . There are several hypotheses regarding the origin of the name Barcelona. We know that originally there was a city Iberian tribe of Laietana (Layetanos) first conquered by the Carthaginians and then by Scipio Aemilianus , and later became a Roman colony called Colonia Julia Faventia Augusta Pia Barcino. During the Middle Ages, Barcelona has been known with the following names: Barchinona, Barcalona, or Barchelona Barchenona. The main theory attributes the origin of the name to Hamilcar Barca , supposed founder of the city, or his son Hannibal , both the Dynasty Barcids . However, no formal proof of the link between these two names. Another theory is based on an inscription in Iberian found on a coin ( Found in the ancient city under several names: in ancient Greek , and Latin Barcino ("Colonia Julia Augusta Paterna Barcino Faventia") Barcilonum or Barceno Demographics Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain by population. The city is populated by about 1,615,908 inhabitants. The city has 5,327,872 inhabitants. In 1787 the first census took place including the incorporation of Vallbona in Barcelona. In 1860 , La Barceloneta is attached to the commune. In 1897 , Les Corts , Grcia , Sant Andreu de Palomar , Sant Gervasi de Cassoles , Sant Mart Provenals and Sants i Vallvidrera are linked to Barcelona. In 1904 it was the turn of Horta and, finally, in 1930 , Sarria , part of which had already joined Santa Creu d'Olorda in 1920. The population figures listed for dates prior to these attachments are the sum of individual municipal censuses. Of Ecuadorians , and Chinese , the Romanians and Moroccans are large groups of immigrants in Barcelona. Barcelona lies on the coast, along the Mediterranean Sea , between the mouths of rivers Besos and Llobregat. The town is limited: With regard to its relief, the city is composed of three distinct parts: Barcelona is located 180 km from the neck of Perthus Border and French. On the other side of the Pyrenees is the department of Pyrenees-Orientales. Barcelona has a Mediterranean climate , with sub-Mediterranean influences because of its location in the north-western Mediterranean but protected from the prevailing westerly winds in the latitude (41 23 '00 "North) through the Pyrenees and especially highlands of the Meseta Central (or "Castilian Meseta") of the Iberian Peninsula. On the one hand, Barcelona winters are drier than in the traditional Mediterranean climates because the city is not subject to wind disturbance Atlantic while they bring the most rainfall in other regions of Mediterranean climate risk to the wind such as Portugal , the Italian , the Greek or the greater part of North Africa and Eastern Mediterranean. On the other hand, on the contrary, in the hot half, the contrast of cold disturbances high up on the Pyrenees with the Eastern Mediterranean air mass at the surface causes disturbed and stormy periods in midsummer. There are particular concentrations of the period of rain and thunderstorms and storms between May and November but especially from August when the sea reached the surface temperatures (often above 25 C). Some hourly intensity of precipitation in Barcelona (more than 10 mm per minute) recall of Chinese-type climates, and climate closer to that of south-eastern France that records episodes of storm Cevennes. The east wind strikes against coastal landforms and increases the probability of thunderstorms and even tornadoes between May and November, especially from August and fall with frequent rains (61 mm in August, more than 90 mm in September ... and October) due to the temperature of the Mediterranean Sea still very hot this season (20 C even in October). Therefore, the regime of winter rains in Mediterranean climates is a classic scheme equinoctial on the Catalan coast. Thus the wettest months of the year are the months of May, October, September and August and the driest July - which is normal in the Mediterranean - and something quite unique in the Iberian context, February. The climate of Barcelona is also characterized by great irregularity of annual rainfall, which is close to 650 mm but concentrated on a limited number of days (75). This high interannual irregularity is characterized by year or month of September may save only 5 mm and others in which it exceeded 300 mm. Beside very dry years (sometimes less than 300 mm) there were years with rainfall above 1000 mm. In fact, every month exceeded 100 mm and sometimes all showed 0 mm or so. We must also consider the fact that the Mediterranean climate of the eastern coast of Iberia is one of the most irregular of the world. This means that many opportunities that are averages of statistics. For example, in October of one year may be very dry and very wet in July or February ... It is the irregularity. Barcelona and London have similar annual rainfall, but the climate of London is not irregular and torrential like Barcelona. The annual average temperature in Barcelona is 15.4 C. The temperature of the warmest months reaching over 28 C, the minimum coldest winter are above 4 C. Yet its location between the sea and hills of Collserola and a temperature difference between day and night which is quite small. In addition, the proximity of the sea promotes the installation of the sea breeze that tempers the excess heat in summer. December, January and February are the coldest months, with an average temperature of 9 C at the airport and 10 degrees C at the center of the city affected by a significant heat island. July and August are the warmest months, with an average temperature of 24 C. The highest maximum temperature recorded at the center of the city was 38.6 C. In summer 2003 we recorded a higher average of over 4 C to normal. The minimum recorded was -6.7 C February 11, 1965. Recently, during the sharp cold snap in January 1985 was surpassed -6 C again. Even in the nineteenth century was reached -9.6 C in January 1896. At the Fabra Observatory, situated on the hill of Tibidabo , 412 m above sea level, the maximum temperature at which it reaches the twentieth century is 39.8 C. July 7, 1982, and The lowest temperature of -10 C February 11, 1956. Snowfall and freezing nights come almost once a year. Nevertheless, the city has experienced heavy snowfall such as during a snowstorm at Christmas in 1962 in which were recorded over 50 cm of snow in the center of the city and one meter in the mountains surrounding the city. But according to earlier data, in 1887 a snowfall of 50 cm was also held in 1933 and 30 cm were recorded. Statistically on the Chain Hills Collserola snowfall are scheduled each year, with 4 days on average, and sea level of 1 day but holding ground only once every 5 years. The storms, which occasionally reach severe limits, occur 24 days per year. The most severe storm has been recently observed the night of July 31, 2002 when over 200 mm of rain were recorded in a few observatories in the city with major damage. Although Barcelona is not a windy city is regularly affected in summer by the sea and on some occasions, the winter semester, during times of strong mistral that can happen in the Gulf of Lions and the Ebro valley. Anyway windstorms are the most common of those is - with persistent rain - and those from west - with foehn effect - which can reach over 100 km / h. It goes along with these storms and sudden temperature changes promote the apparitions of tornadoes or mini-tornadoes , which are increasing every year and there are often serious damage. Barcelona can be a sunny city but its location between sea and mountains often creates a cloud sufficient to promote a series of days covered with mist, especially in early spring and autumn. The cold days of winter are usually sunny, windy and dry when the wind mistral (mestral in Catalan) or the north wind blowing as can happen on the coasts of the Gulf of Lions. The city is divided into ten districts, themselves divided into quarters: The city is dense, bounded by the sea on one side and leaning against the mountain on the other. She made great efforts in sustainable development, promoting renewable energy (especially solar). The Collserola Park is a park in suburban 8465 ha established in 1987 to protect open spaces against the peri-urbanization. This park overlooks the rear of Barcelona on the foothills of the Sierra de Collserola, part of the coastal cordillera (amounting at that location, 268 m). It is home to many species that, for some, entering the city. La Torre de Collserola , a telecommunications tower built during the Olympics , is the tallest building in Spain (288 m). The city is well connected to all international transport networks and regional, either by air ( Barcelona International Airport 15 km, but also those of Girona and Reus about an hour), maritime (port is one of the largest in the Mediterranean), rail (the city is connected to Madrid by high-speed line , the city enforces a policy consisting of numerous kidnappings of vehicles in case of default of parking meters. These parking meters, also show the highest prices in Spain (1.70 to 2.50 euros an hour ) and multiply by 1.5 and the income from parking charges. As car parks for an unlimited period throughout the city, it will cost you 30 to 45 euros for 24 hours . The streetcar , virtually eradicated in 1971 , has been reintroduced with the inauguration in May 2004 of four lanes (six broken lines) with a total length of 45 kilometers, all governed by the Metropolitan Transport Authority (ATM ). Their function is to ensure coverage of outlying areas while creating connections to the lines underground. These are two separate networks: the Trambaix and Trambess. The construction of an interconnection between two networks is currently under study. The dense network of bus TMB , rich lines of 108 , crosses the city. These lines were added three tours. The subway lines are at number eleven in Barcelona (three automatic lines). Eight of them are governed by the Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB), a unit attached to the Barcelona City Council. The remaining three are operated by Ferrocarrils of the Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC), a company that depends on this time, the Catalan government. This mode of transport most used by Barcelona with 406.8 million admissions in 2009 , . Barcelona is essentially a maritime city, geographically and historically oriented towards the Mediterranean Sea , as evidenced by the presence of many ports. It is the largest port in the Mediterranean, especially in terms of passenger Economy Catalonia is Spain's main industrial region with the automotive industry (factories German group Volkswagen AG and Japanese Nissan ), electronics, chemicals and textiles as the leading sectors, and in recent years, the food industry. Services represent 59% of business, industry and agriculture 36% less than 4%. Under the impetus of European capitals industry more than Spanish, the province joined the Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrenees form the Pyrenees-Mediterranean Euroregion. Las Ramblas is the iconic Avenue and walk instead of joining Barcelona Plaa de Catalunya, the nerve center of the city, the old port where stands the column Columbus. It is characterized by its many booths dedicated to the press but also the sale of flowers or animals. It is also the site of Prediction ilection living statues and a great place for dining, many restaurants and cafes along the. At its center stands adjacent to the covered market La Boqueria. It is supplemented by a bridge, called Rambla de Mar, to access the shopping center Maremagnum. At the heart of the Old City, Barri Gotic is the oldest district of Barcelona. It includes many buildings of medieval times whose cathedral Sainte-Eulalie and houses several government buildings including the Casa de la Ciutat. The maze of alleyways, assumes the Plaa Nova has two cylindrical towers dating from Roman times or the Plaa del Rei seat Palau Reial Major, Royal and then count's residence, characterized by its lamps, early works of Antoni Gaud. Busy too, Placa del Pi is one of the kingpins of this area extending to the edge of that of Born. The Eixample is the result of a planned extension of the city by architect Ildefons Cerda in Cerd Plan (in Catalan, eixamplar means "expand, expand"). This results in the field by a very sensitive grid plan. Cerd had divided the 9 sq km that make up this part of the city in 550 blocks called poma, themselves punctuated by streets and boulevards perfectly parallel, with the exception of three avenues: the Meridian to the north, the line north / south runs along a meridian , the parallel lines for which south east / west follows a parallel and Avinguda Diagonal which crosses the city from southwest to northeast. There are many buildings modernist and, in particular the famous Sagrada Familia , unfinished work of Antoni Gaudi , begun more than a century. You can find the Passeig de Gracia works of the three main architects Catalan: We call this block the Illa de la Discordia (block of discord), because the greatest architects Modernist there competing side by side. The house's most famous remains the Casa Mila by Gaudi, nicknamed La Pedrera (the quarry "in Catalan). The Casa Batll , another masterpiece of Gaudi is already a myth in the art. Behind an outstanding modernist, representing the waves of the sea after the lull, lurks a world of surprises and a succession of elegant architectural details ... The Casa Batllo was built in 1904. Ciutadella Park is the place where was held the Universal Exhibition of 1888. This time, he remains the triumphal arch through which we entered the enclosure of the Exhibition and the Museum of Zoology current which then housed a coffee shop. The park is called like this because Felipe V (representing the Bourbons during the war of succession from 1702 to 1717) built a citadel here by removing a neighborhood: it was used to monitor people and especially to avoid some rebellion. In 1868 the citadel was destroyed to host the World Expo. Today at the park are, in addition to the Museum of Zoology, a geological museum, the former arsenal of the citadel that houses the Parliament of Catalonia , a cascade of Antoni Gaud and Barcelona Zoo where you can see dolphins. This park located on the heights of the city was commissioned by Count Gell Gaud : The nature and architecture blend and complement each other in these places. Castell de Montjuc dominates the city and its port with a magnificent view. A cable car makes it available. Below is the 1992 Olympic site, and lower still, the site of Expo 1929. Posthumous masterpiece of Antoni Gaud , the Sagrada Familia cathedral became the symbol of Barcelona. Begun in 1882, its construction is still underway. Only the facade of the Nativity and four slender towers were finally completed today. As in the rest of Catalonia , the Catalan and Castilian are both official languages. Catalan is spoken by over 70% of the population while the bilingual Catalan / Castilian represent 85% of the population Museums The city has several museums dedicated to those whose remarkable Joan Mir who have a unique collection given by the artist himself as well as Pablo Picasso (All works of this artist are exhibited in a former medieval palace). The city also houses the National Art Museum of Catalonia with many original Romanesque frescoes, while copies were exhibited at the scene of the discovery of original works and contemporary art museum of Barcelona. The Gran Teatre del Liceu, located on La Rambla , was a tragic burning twice in 1862 and 1994. It was inaugurated in 1999 and is now among the most prestigious opera houses in the world. Designed by architect modernist Lluis Domenech i Montaner , Palau de la Msica Catalana concert hall opened in 1908. Here are some works in which the city of Barcelona has a privileged place: The city of Barcelona hosted many filmmakers to do the scene with their films. Thus the action of these films takes place in Barcelona : The Parliament of Catalonia in Barcelona headquarters since the restoration of the Generalitat of Catalonia , Generalitat of Catalonia. Sport occupies a special place in the heart of the Catalans, including football. We can cite the FC Barcelona . A veritable institution since 1899 occupying the famous stadium Camp Nou in the district of Les Corts north of the city. The football club is a section of sports club FC Barcelona. It also stands out in basketball , handball and hockey skates. There is also a second club soccer level in the city. This is the RCD Espanyol Barcelona who moved in August 2009 Cornell . Barcelona is also one of the most recognized in the world of skateboarding: the city has even been the setting for the skateboarding game Tony Hawk's Underground 2 , and we can see many fans of skateboarding on the forecourt of the MACBA. Motor sports are also very present in the city, thanks to the proximity of the Circuit de Catalunya , which hosts the Spanish Grand Prix of Formula 1 and that of MotoGP . After Moscow in 1980 , Barcelona hosted the Olympics in Europe in summer 1992 . The Catalan Juan Antonio Samaranch , president of the IOC has profoundly influenced the choice of city for the first Olympic Games in Spain. The games were held in several Olympic Park: The remaining events (including football matches, the rowing , the shooting , the road cycling ...) have been organized in other cities in Spain. On January 13, 2010, Mayor Jordi Hereu announced the candidature of Barcelona to host the Winter Olympics 2022. Barcelona could well become the first city to have hosted the Summer Games and Winter Games. Twinning: Partnerships: Contemporary Period
Place names
) To affirm that the name comes from the Phoenician Barkeno . There is also a legend that gives a mythological origin in the name of the city. According to this legend, Hercules would have joined the Argonauts after the fourth of his twelve labors, to help them find the Golden Fleece. When they passed the Catalan coast, a storm scattered the ships and have removed the 9 th boat. Hercules would have found the remains of Barca Nona, the 9th ship, near present- Montjuc. The ship would have found the place so welcoming they have decided, with the help of Hermes (god of commerce and the arts) to found a city they named Barcanona . 1717 1787 1857 1877 1887 1900 1910 1920 35 928 100 160 235 060 353 853 405 913 544 137 595 732 721 869 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1981 1990 1992 1 005 565 1 081 175 1 280 179 1 557 863 1 745 142 1 754 900 1 707 286 1 630 635 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1 630 867 1 508 805 1 505 581 1 496 266 1 527 190 1 578 546 1 605 602 1 615 908 From 1497 to 1553 : people paying tax (els fogatges );
From 1717 to 1981 : de facto population;
Since 1981 : de jure. Geography
Situation
Climate
months January February March April May jul. jul. Aug. September October November December year Average minimum temperature ( C ) 4 5 6 8 11 15 18 19 16 12 7 5 11 Mean Temperature ( C) 8 9 11 12 16 20 22 23 21 16 12 10 15 Average maximum temperature ( C) 12 13 15 16 20 23 27 27 25 21 16 13 19 Rainfall ( mm ) 41 29 41,9 49 59 40 29 61 81 91 62 49 632,9 Number of days with rain 8 8 9 10 10 9 6 7 8 10 9 8 102 Districts and neighborhoods
Environment
Urban planning and transport
Access to the city and traffic intraurban
Urban
Tramway
Network Online Route Opening Stations 
Francesc Macia Good Viatge 2004 20 
Francesc Macia Llevant - plans 2004 23 
Francesc Macia, Sant Feliu District Council 2004 19 
Ciutadella Vila Olmpica Estaci de Sant Adri 2004 14 
Glries Gorg 2006 13 
Estaci de Sant Adri Gorg 2008 8 Bus
Metro
Operator Online Route Opening Stations 
Hospital de Bellvitge Fondo 1926 30 
Paral.lel Badalona-Pompeu Fabra 1995 18 
Zona Universitria Trinitat Nova 1924 24 
Trinitat Nova La Pau 1926 22 
cornell Centre Vall d'Hebron 1959 26 
Can Zam Sagrera 2009 8 
Gorg Sagrera 2010 6 
Trinitat Nova Can Cuias 2003 5 
Catalunya Reina Elisenda 1863 / 1929 9 
Av Tibidabo Plaa Catalunya 1954 7 
Placa Espanya Mol Nou 1883 / 1985 11 Ports
Main sights
The Old City
L'Eixample, modernist jewel
The Citadel
Park Gell
Montjuc
Sagrada Familia
Education
Culture
Languages
Theatre and Shows
Literature
Cinema
But Barcelona also hosts film festivals, such as the International Festival of Erotic Barcelona , the Barcelona Film Festival or the Festival of gay and lesbian film in Barcelona Politics
Period Identity Label Quality 2006 2011 Jordi Hereu Catalan Socialist Party . 1997 2006 Joan Clos Catalan Socialist Party . 1982 1997 Pasqual Maragall Catalan Socialist Party . 1979 1982 Narcis Serra i Serra Catalan Socialist Party . 1979 1979 Manuel Font i Altaba - . 1976 1979 Jos Mara Socias Humbert Spanish Socialist Workers Party . 1975 1976 Joaquim Viola i Sauret - . 1973 1975 Mass i Enric Vzquez - . 1957 1973 Josep Maria Colomer i Porcioles Franco regime - Lliga Catalana . 1951 1957 Antoni Maria Simarro i Puig Franco regime - Spanish Falange . 1945 1951 Josep Maria Albert i Despujol Franco regime - Renovation Spanish . 1939 1945 Miquel Mateu i Pla Franco regime - Spanish Falange . 1937 1939 Hilari Salvad i Castell Republican Left of Catalonia . 1936 1937 Carles Pi i Sunyer Republican Left of Catalonia . Sports
Arrival of the Tour of Spain
Abraham Olano (ITT) Olympics
Events
Twinnings
Cologne ( Germany ) Monzn ( Spain ) since 1969 
Mexico ( Mexico ) 
Rosario ( Argentina ) 
Sarajevo ( Bosnia Herzegovina ) 
Montevideo ( Uruguay ) 
Montpellier ( France ) since 1963 
Montreal ( Canada ) 
Boston ( USA ) Perpignan ( France ) since 1994 
Tel Aviv ( Israel ) 
Thiruvananthapuram ( India ) since 2009 Arms
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