Antiquity
Antiquity is the first epochs of history. For a civilization, Antiquity begins with the development or adoption of the writing. The transition from antiquity has thus arisen at different times for different people. Antiquity following the period of prehistory , or of the protohistoric.
Similarly, the ancient ends on different dates for different regions of the world, and precedes the Middle Ages or the modern era , as civilization.
In history European , Antiquity means the period of civilizations of the writing around the Mediterranean and the Middle East after the Prehistory and before the Middle Ages. Most historians of antiquity it is estimated that begins in the fourth millennium BCE ( -3500 , -3000 BC) with the invention of writing in Mesopotamia and Egypt , and saw its end during the great migrations around Eurasian the fifth century ( 300 to 600 ). The date is symbolic on civilization or nation, the deposition of the last Western Roman Emperor in 476 is a landmark treaty for Europe West , but other terminals can be significant for the end of the ancient world. In a Eurocentric approach, antiquity is often reduced to ancient Greco-Roman called classical antiquity.
In the Americas , is associated with ancient pre-Columbian civilizations , so that it starts around 1200 BC with the invention of writing system icons - ideograms by the Olmecs Africa The hieroglyphic writing is attested from the end of IV millennium BC. AD. The end of ancient Egyptian history varies depending on the perspective adopted. It concludes: In Europe , beginning with the ancient Minoan civilization in Crete between -2700 and -1200. The latter invented writing Linear A , then a derivative, Linear B , the first forms of written evidence about the continent that were used to write an archaic form of Greek. Later, the records derived from the Greek alphabet (based on the Phoenician alphabet ) is needed on the entire continent (alphabets Etruscan , Latin , Cyrillic and Glagolitic , Gothic , etc.).. The End of Antiquity - whose civilizations reference for Europe are the ancient Greece and ancient Rome - is traditionally set at the fall of the Roman Empire in 476. The period of barbarian invasions (see Late Antiquity ) is at the crossroads of antiquity and the period following the Middle Ages. Because of the permanence of the great features of Late Antiquity - Roman civilization and the Netherlands continued in the East Roman Empire ( Byzantium ) - beyond the political event constituted by the deposition of the last Roman Emperor Romulus Augustus The medieval historian Jacques Le Goff has proposed to extend such late antiquity until the tenth century. In contrast, other historians of the Middle Ages Asia The oldest known ancient civilization is that of Sumer in Mesopotamia. To -3400 , she developed writing called cuneiform , which forms the pictograms were taking sharp, because of the tapered shape of the reed with which they were drawn. Antiquity ends around the year -200 in China and India , respectively with the Qin Dynasty who inaugurated the Imperial period in China and the beginning of the dynasty Chola. It starts much later in Japan : in 250 with the Yamato period , which is followed in 710 by the Nara period. The ancient Japanese ends in 1185 with the end of the Heian period. Ancient Medieval Modern Era America
Europe
Mesopotamia
China / Japan
Chronology
Ancient Civilizations
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