America
| America | |
|---|---|
 Location map of America | |
| Area | 42,189,120 km 2 (28.4%) |
| Population | 902 157 549 inhab. |
| Density | 21 inhabitants / km 2 |
| Country | 35 |
| Dependencies | 19 |
| Main languages | Spanish English Portuguese French Creole Dutch Papiamento Guarani Quechua Inuit Amerindian languages Mayan languages Aymara |
| Time Zones | UTC-10 ( USA ) UTC +0 ( Greenland ) |
| More cities | Mexico , New York , Sao Paulo , Los Angeles , Buenos Aires , Chicago , Lima , Rio de Janeiro , Toronto , Santiago, Chile , Belo Horizonte , Montreal |
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America is a continent - or as the views of a set of sub-continent known as Americas - separate, in the west of Asia and the Pacific by the Bering Strait and Pacific Ocean , and east of Europe and of Africa by the Atlantic Ocean. It is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean and the south by the Southern Ocean.
America is formed by the cultures of different countries with influence and a shared heritage. It is sometimes called " New World "as opposed to the" Old Continent "(the Europe ). As such, it constitutes an area of pre-Columbian civilization shaped by millennia of history which, since its discovery and exploration in 1492, became a meeting place between indigenous and European nations of modern times. The colonization of the Americas inspired many adventurers feelings of independence , of freedom and prosperity offered by then the vast expanse of this new land in Eldorado , Norembergue and the Kingdom of Saguenay.
Summary |
Etymology
In 1507, the cartographer Lorraine Martin Waldseemller produced a world map showing the southern region of America. He then scored the feminized name "America" in honor of the browser Florentine Amerigo Vespucci , Amerigo knowing that is the equivalent Italian name of Germanic origin of Aymeric , southern variant of Henry. This explorer was actually the first to issue the thesis of a new continent during his expedition to southern Patagonia in 1502. This fourth part of the world, additional to the supercontinent of Afro-Eurasia , was then modify the assertions of Christopher Columbus who, in 1492, believing he had discovered the route to India , met rather those who today are designated by metonymy as the " Indians "or" American Indians ".
Geography
With an area of 42,189,120 km 2, America is the largest continent after Asia. It has about 897,460,319 people. However, since the construction of the Panama Canal , completed in 1914, America is no longer a continent in its strictly geographical sense, and is thus divided into two parts north and south bounded by the new strait. Hence the use of the plural name of the continent (the Americas) to designate all formerly unified, which may also help to avoid confusion with the United States of America.
In geopolitics , however, are distinguished on the American continent three subsets:
- the North America , located in the northern hemisphere , predominantly English but also Hispanic ( Mexico ) and French ( French Canada );
- the American South , located in the southern hemisphere , predominantly Hispanic but also Lusophone ( Brazil ), Guaran ( Paraguay ), French ( French Guiana ) and English ( Guyana ) is a broken line equinoctial not visible said the equator ;
- the Central America , almost entirely Hispanic, with the exception of Belize in English-speaking part, located on the isthmus linking North America to South America.
There is also a maritime area, the Caribbean , included as a subset of North America, Central America or South America. The latter is composed of various communities statutes: the communities, counties and regions overseas French (DROM-COM), communes with special status and independent Dutch state, state to independent constitution, the British territories of 'Overseas , the unincorporated territory of the United States and territories of coastal states on the continent.
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| Uninhabited islands | ||||
| Colombia | ||||
 Malpelo ( Colombia ) | ||||
| United States | ||||
 Isle of Navasse ( U.S. ) | ||||
| France | ||||
 Clipperton Island ( France ) | ||||
| Archipelago a href = "% C3% G A9orgie_du_Sud-and-les_% C3% 8Eles_Sandwich_du_Sud"> South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | ||||
 Candlemas Island ( UK ) | ||||
| Willis Island ( UK ) | ||||
| Annenkov Island ( UK ) | ||||
| Vindication Island ( UK ) | ||||
| Costa Rica | ||||
 Cocos Island ( Costa Rica ) | ||||
From the perspective of culture , the history of the language and sociology , we distinguish the Americas three subsets:
- the Anglo-Saxon America , representing Antigua and Barbuda , the Bahamas , the Barbados , in Belize , in Canada , in Dominica , the United States , in Granada , in Guyana , to Jamaica , to Saint Kitts and Nevis to St. Lucia to St. Vincent and the Grenadines , in Trinidad and Tobago and the British territories overseas ;
- the French America , which corresponds to Quebec and Haiti , communities Acadian , Cajun and French-Canadian , and to the territories of France Overseas , and;
- the Latin America which includes:
- of Hispanic America , which corresponds to Argentina , to Bolivia , to Chile , the British , in Costa Rica to Cuba , to Ecuador , in Guatemala , in Honduras , to Mexico , in Nicaragua , in Panama , in Paraguay , to Peru , to Puerto Rico , the Dominican Republic , in Salvador , with the Uruguay and Venezuela , as well as;
- the Lusophone America , which corresponds to Brazil.
Demographics
The 20 largest American cities are:
- So Paulo ,
Brazil - Mexico ,
Mexico - New York , United States
- Lima ,
Peru - Bogot , Colombia
- Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
- Santiago de Chile ,
Chile - Los Angeles , United States
- Buenos Aires ,
Argentina - Salvador de Bahia , Brazil
- Chicago , United States
- Maracaibo ,
Venezuela - Medellin , Colombia
- Guayaquil ,
Ecuador - Cali , Colombia
- Braslia , Brazil
- Fortaleza , Brazil
- Toronto ,
Canada - Belo Horizonte , Brazil
- Caracas , Venezuela
Indigenous Peoples
We use the term "Native American" to refer to Native American peoples inhabiting these lands before the arrival of European explorers. This allows to distinguish the inhabitants of India , while retaining the use of the mistake from Chris Columbus, who thought he had reached the eastern side of India when he addressed the Caribbean in 1492. Note that Native Americans claimed the 1970s until the late twentieth century the name of Native Americans to clear the confusion with India (along with all the pejorative connotation of "primitive people" that is conveyed to Through this term), while emphasizing the priority of their presence on the continent Places and landmarks The continent was once populated by indigenous probably came from Asia via the Bering Strait or Western Europe known as the Clovis during the last glacial period. Then, the Vikings have set foot in America around the year 1000 in Canada today. But the key date is 1492 which marks the end of the day pre-Columbian , with the arrival of Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Conquest . If, for us, the discovery of America is the result of Christopher Columbus himself thought he had discovered the East Indies , the most east of the Old World. One of the inventors of the concept of New World is Amerigo Vespucci to whom we owe a letter Mundus Novus , written between late 1502 and early 1503 and sent to Lorenzo de Medici for which the Italian explorer working. This letter was soon published and widely disseminated. In 1504 , the Gymnasium of Saint-Die-des-Vosges , scholarly society, had published a pamphlet containing a letter from Vespucci on his third trip to Novus orbis: South America . Shortly after, in 1507 , Martin Waldseemller , a scholar of that cartographer Vosges Gymnasium, publishes atlases , Universalis Cosmographia , which incorporates the knowledge of the ancient world, derived principally from Ptolemy , updated and latest information available, integrates information from the Danish geographer Claudius Clavus (1388 -?) on Greenland , the route of the Cape of Good Hope is based on reports of Portuguese sailors and also a representation of the New World he called America in honor that he sees as its discoverer, Amerigo Vespucci. But the book quickly became Waldseemller reference in terms of mapping. The name "America" is quickly taken up by all the European map. From 1513, Waldseemller attempts to rectify the initial inaccuracy, and in Tabula Terre Nove refers to "the land and the adjacent islands were discovered by Columbus the Genoese sent by the King of Castile." But it does not suggest a new word for this terra incognita, and the word "America", already widely distributed, will remain. According to another theory, the place name comes from a shipowner Welsh , Richard Amerike (or Ameryk, ap Meurig (son of Meurig) in Welsh ), the owner of John Cabot. The explorer landed in Labrador on 24 June 1497. Ameryk was indeed the owner of John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto of Genoa who came through Venice) and exploring Canada on behalf of King Henry VII of England, himself born in the Netherlands and Wales (and having spent 14 years in exile in Britain). Cabot was the first European to land on the American continent, Labrador in 1497, four years before Christopher Columbus, discoverer of the West Indies while in 1492 only landed on the mainland in 1501, before as Amerigo Vespucci and 35 years before exploration of the St. Lawrence by Jacques Cartier Malouin. The Almanac of Bristol was the first document to use the term "Ameryk" in honor of the owner. It is the cartographer Martin Waldseemuller, France, and far from Bristol who was in 1507, the confusion between Amerigo and Aymeric. The latter, who had mapped the coast of South America, never pretended to give his name, much less his name. Cabot gave to the land he discovered the name Ameryk in honor of its owner and benefactor. The number of American states was 11 in 1825, following the wars of independence: the Federal Republic of Central America, the Republic of Bolivar, the Empire of Brazil, the Republic of Chile, the States United States of America, the Republic of Gran Colombia, the Republic of Haiti, the United States of Mexico, the Republic of Paraguay, the Republic of Peru and the United Provinces of Ro de la Plata. This number then underwent several changes before stabilizing at 19 in 1865. After the independence of Cuba (1902) and Panama (1903), it had risen to 21 in 1914 (excluding the British dominions of Canada and Newfoundland): Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, United States, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Uruguay, Venezuela. In 1931, the Statute of Westminster recognized the independence of the Dominions, but Newfoundland renounced that status in 1934, before joining the Canadian confederation in 1949. The number of U.S. states then moved to 22 before moving to 24 in 1962 to 29 in 1975 and 35 in 1983. Pan-American organizations: Intergovernmental organizations: Economic communities: Planned: Work Suspended: Anguilla (United Kingdom) Antigua and Barbuda Aruba (Netherlands) Bahamas Barbados Bonaire (Netherlands) Cayman Islands (United Kingdom) Cuba Curacao (Netherlands) Dominican Republic Dominica Grenada Guadeloupe (France) Haiti Jamaica Martinique (France) Montserrat (United Kingdom) Isle of Navasse (U.S.) Puerto Rico (U.S.) Saba (Netherlands) St. Barthelemy (France) Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint-Eustache (Netherlands) Saint-Martin (France) Sint Maarten (Netherlands) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Lucia Trinidad & Tobago Turkey Islands and Caicos (UK) Virgin Islands United States (U.S.) British Virgin Islands (UK) 
United States United States United States United States United States United States Canada United States Canada and United States Canada Mexico Peru 
Bolivia Peru and Bolivia Brazil Brazil , Bolivia , Peru , Ecuador , Colombia , 
Suriname , 
Guyana , and Guyana ( France ) Argentina and Brazil Chile and Argentina History
Etymology of the name
Changes in the number of U.S. states
Political organizations and American Economic
Transport
Routes transcontinental
Regional roads
Rail Routes
References
See also
Related articles
External Links
Bibliography
Former
Modern
Filmography
North America 
Central America Caribbean South America Model 4 continents 
America 
Antarctica 
Afro-Eurasian 
Oceania Model 7 continents Palaeocontinents Supercontinent
Gondwana Laurasia Pangea Pannotia Rodinia Columbia Kenorland Ur Vaalbara Continents
Arctica Asiamrique Atlantica Avalonia Baltica Cimmeria Kazakhstania Laurentia Laurussia Siberia Ur Geological evolution future Pangea ultimate Amasia Submerged continents Zealandia Kerguelen Plateau Mascarene Plateau Sahul Sunda Imaginary continents Atlantis Hyperborea Lemuria Kumari Kandam Mu Terra Australis
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