Alfred Stieglitz
Alfred Stieglitz ( January 1, 1864 in Hoboken in New Jersey , USA - 13 July 1946 in Lake George) was a photographer and a coin of art.
Summary |
Biography
Alfred Stieglitz was born in Hoboken , New Jersey in 1864 to German Jewish parents, Stieglitz and Edward Warner Hedwig and the first in a family of six children. He started his primary education in New York. He grew up in a house across from Central Park at 14 is 60 th Street in Manhattan. From an early age, collected the photographs Stieglitz and he was hung on the walls of his room. In 1882 , he left for Germany to continue his studies when his father sold his clothing company and brought his entire family in Europe. There he spent the happiest years of his life and he discovered photography.
He took his first photographs at the age of 19 years during his studies in engineering at the Polytechnic of Berlin. There is already an amateur and decides to experiment with new techniques to overcome the limitations of standard this time. He even register for courses chemistry for its knowledge and to master all aspects of the camera and the photographic art. He also learned a lot about his art by working in the darkroom of a local photographer. Knowing that the camera could be used that day he tried an experiment in a basement where the only light came from a light bulb activated by a dynamo. He completed a 24 hours, which gave him a negative perfect. This showed that the negative light is not always necessary. Later, Stieglitz made them the first successful shots a day of rain, a snowstorm at night.
From 1880 , he was part of a current photography, Pictorialism , which promotes the artistic side of photography. Within this movement, interest in Stieglitz version naturalist photography by opting for photography of real objects in which the photographer expresses his view of the object through the photograph.
In the late nineteenth century , he returned to New York where he took pictures of the city and its buildings. From his arrival in America until 1893 , it will help lead heliochromies Engraving Company. He edits the journal American Amateur Photographer ( in 1893 - 1 896 ) and "Camera Notes" ( 1897 - 1902 ). It was in 1902 that he acquired international fame when he organizes the National Arts Club (en) New York, an impressive photo exhibition where photographers have come to expose the group Photo-Secession. He resumed newspaper publishing after exposure with the newspaper Camera Work , in which, for 1902 to 1917 , it will publish photos of artists who participated in the exhibition of 1902.
From 1905 to 1917 , he led a photography gallery, 291, at 291 Fifth Avenue in New York. Then he managed other galleries, The Intimate Gallery ( one thousand nine hundred and twenty-five - 1,929 ) and An American Place ( 1929 - 1946 ). He allowed his country to know the European artists ( Pablo Picasso , Henri Matisse , Georges Braque , Paul Cezanne ) being the first to show their paintings to the American public in 1908.
Around 1917 , when he could afford to devote to art had greatly diminished because of the war he began a collection of photographs of his wife, Georgia O'Keeffe. During this period he photographed his finest works, including clouds, named equivalents.
In 1923 , he was asked if he wanted to donate works to the Museum of Fine Arts. It was a first for any museum does photography.
In 1924 , he offered twenty-seven photographs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Being the first to do this kind of gift, his photographs have become the benchmark in the United States. The same year he married Georgia O'Keeffe. In 1934 he published America and Alfred Stieglitz, a Collective Portrait, a collection of his photographic works.
It was in 1937 , after twenty years of collaboration with his wife O'Keeffe who was also his muse, he abandoned photography.
This photographer has seen two world wars and the Great Depression and have lived to see his country change its ideas and modernize. He died at Lake George ( New York ) on 13 July 1946.
His fight for art
He was also the first to support modern art, which he belonged, and the artists of this school, such as Georgia O'Keeffe , Arthur Dove , John Marin (fr) , Marsden Hartley and Charles Demuth.
His life was a struggle for the photographic art is recognized as a fundamental art while in his time, photography was especially interested scientific and non-artistic. This battle lasted until his death in 1946. But in the meantime, he has devoted his life to photography and became an authority on the subject, winning prestigious honors. He won more than one hundred exhibitions in the world, with the help of amateur photographers in London in 1887 , judged by Dr. PH Emerson. Dr. Emerson writes that it is perhaps too late to express my admiration for the work you sent me for this contest. It was a spontaneous work in this exhibition and I was delighted with most of your works. From that moment the world knew Stieglitz as a great artist.
The concepts he created in 1917 to 1925 contributed to the aesthetics of the photographic future.
Photographs
- The Last Joke - Bellagio ( 1887 )
- Sun Rays - Paula, Berlin ( 1889 )
- Spring Showers ( 1 900 - in 1901 )
- The Hand of Man ( 1902 )
- The decks ( 1907 )
- The Hay Wagon ( 1922 )
- Equivalent ( 1931 )
- Two Towers ( 1911 )
Magazines
- 291 Magazine 1915-1916, Man Ray and Marcel Duchamp's use to express their ideas.
- 1922-1923 MSS Magazine
- Camera Work
His writings
- American Pictorial Photography: Series I (1899) Series II (1901)
- History of an American: Alfred Stieglitz, 291 and after (1944)
- Stieglitz Memorial Portofolio 1864-1946, (1947)
Exhibitions
Criticism of an exhibition on Stieglitz and his circle at the Museum d'Orsay (Paris)
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