In morphology , field of linguistics , an affix (from Latin "(which is) set cons") is a morpheme who enlisted in theory linked to radical or lexeme of a word. Affixes can lexicalised and thus become free morphemes: for example the case for the prefix ex-in a phrase like my ex, that my ex-husband / boyfriend, etc..

Value of affixes

Affixes are mainly of two kinds:

• grammatical affixes and inflectional ;
• affixes derivation.

grammatical and inflectional affixes

They do not give rise to a new lemma but another form of the same radical :

• affixes agglutinating (they denote a single grammatical feature ):

Japanese watashi"I" /watashi-tachi "I Affixes bypass

They can form, even from a radical, new lemmas:

• affixes semantics (enabling the creation of words derived from different meaning):

French

to de-(prefix private: indicates otherwise signified the radical)

re-make (prefix frequentative: repetition)

per-do (perfective prefix: indicates that the action is fully completed)

Me-do (pejorative prefix: changes negatively signified the radical)

yellowish-asse (pejorative suffix);

• affixes lexical (they used to form derivatives of lexical class or kind different, for example):

Latin (the endings are given in brackets)

Naval battle-u - (s) "fist" ( name )

Naval battle-a "fight to the punch"

Naval battle-are "fighting to the punch> fight" ( verb )

Naval battle-tu (m)> punc-tu (m) ( part past passive ) "which is stitched> sting '

Naval battle-ac (s)> Naval battle-ax "eager to fight with fists> bellicose ( adjective ).

Place of affixes

Depending on their position relative to the radical, affixes are divided into several types:

• prefixes (Latin prae-fixus, "set to"), placed before the radical French pre-separation;
• suffixes (Latin sub-fixus> suffixus "set back"), placed after: Latin figur-are,
• infix (in Latin-fixus, "set in") is inserted inside the radical Greek "I am" (with a root- inchoative suffix - indicates that the action starts - and a inchoative infix--; to the aorist , a sort of simple past, inchoative affixes disappear: -- "I took")
• Interfix (Latin inter-fixus, "set between") inserted between two morphemes without any semantics: French sauv-and-age
• circonfixes (or confixes, from Latin circum-fixus "fixed around") affixes to be placed around a radical, such as found in German in the perfect passive participle of weak verbs built with circonfixe ge-...- t, and hab-in "having" made-hab-ge t (it is also possible to consider that an augment). Similarly, in Indonesia and more generally, to a large number of Austronesian languages , there are several circonfixes as per year-...- (marking, among others, the result of a nominal minutes): Janja "promise" gives per-anji-year "promise." The languages Chukotko-Kamchatkan as Koryak also make use of circonfixes.

Affixes can be added to each other, a word as unconstitutionally, for example, breaks down roughly as follows:

Prefixes		Radical	Suffixes
anti-	con-	-Tutes-	-Ing	-Tional	-Ing

On the other hand, the interplay of phonetic evolution sometimes profane that the speaker can not distinguish morphemes of a given word: the verb lay, for example, is a former po-prefix, already in Latin (in poner), speakers could not recognize as such. In fact, being more productive in Latin, it is not more French.

There are other types of investments that do really morphemic a vision of the issue but consider that the internal bending is also part of affixes:

• simulfixes (simultaneous "together"): phonemes are modified but the overall appearance of the term is retained. It may be an internal bending of the type Arabic sultan "Sultan" / Salatin "Sultans" Maltese Ragel "man" / iriel "men" or Breton ing "tooth" / tooth "teeth". The suffix-er in Mandarin is similar to a simulfixe by retroflexion :cuo Affixes separable TMES

  In some languages, affixes may be etymologically related to autonomous morphemes as prepositions , that is to say etymologically of adverbs. This is the case in many Indo-European languages. So, it is sometimes possible to restore their autonomous operation by separating the radical : it is called a TMES (Greek TMES "cut") which is not to be confused with the figure of speech of the same name and akin to hyperbaton. In ancient Greek , the TMES is quite rare and mostly limited to old states of the tongue, when the distinction between affix and prefix was not yet clear: thus, from Sappho

  Related articles

  • Lexeme , radical ;
  • Repetition and augment ;
  • morphology.

  Affix
  Prefix Suffix Infix Interfix Circonfixe Simulfixe SUPRAFIX

  • Portal Language

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